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Background and Objectives: End-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients are at an increased risk of various neurological complications, particularly after hemodialysis. The current case report describes a rare presentation of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) in a patient with ESRF caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: We present our case report. We also performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Dimensions for the current literature review. Results: A total of 296 unique articles were identified, and their full text was retrieved. However, only one case report was relevant to our study and is summarized thereunder. The treatment approach involved high-dose intravenous steroids, surgical evacuation of the cranial subdural collections, and epidural blood patches to seal the presumed dural defect. Conclusions: This case report describes a rare presentation of SIH in a young patient with ESRF due to SLE. Diagnostic imaging revealed extensive subdural and epidural fluid collections in the brain and spinal cord, respectively, along with a few T2 FLAIR hyperintensities noted in the right thalamus, left cerebellar hemisphere, and right occipital gyrus that subsequently resolved. The treatment approach involved high-dose intravenous steroids, surgical evacuation of the cranial subdural collections, and epidural blood patches to seal the presumed dural defect.

Objectives: Surgical management of small renal masses can be challenging in frail patients and thus modalities such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have emerged as valid alternative options. The aim of the current study was to present mid-term oncological and functional results on a series of patients with cT1a renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) who were unfit for surgery and underwent RFA using ultrasound guidance under local anesthesia. Methods: Data from patients fulfilling the study selection criteria were retrospectively collected. RENAL nephrometry score was used for tumor description. Parametric tests were used for data analysis and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Overall, 32 patients (mean±standard deviation age, 72.4 ± 7.6 years) with biopsy-proven RCCs (tumor size, 23.75 ± 10.44 mm and RENAL score, 5.28 ± 1.33) underwent 32 RFA sessions. Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) had low complexity masses and five patients had masses of intermediate complexity (15.6%) according to RENAL score categorization. Over a follow-up period of 22.1 ± 13.7 months, one case of primary treatment failure was recognized (primary technical success 97.0%), and overall, three patients were diagnosed with residual disease (primary technique effectiveness 90.6%). No major complications occurred during the postprocedure 90-day follow up, while no difference was found in serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate pre and post procedure. Patients with intermediate-complexity renal lesions had shorter time to recurrence in comparison to low-complexity masses (p = 0.002). All patients were alive at the time of study data analysis without diagnosed metastases. Conclusions: Percutaneous RFA of small RCCs using ultrasound-based guidance under local anesthesia can be an effective alternative method for managing patients who are unfit for surgery.