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Rice ( Oryza sativa L . ) growth can be influenced by base cation, plant-available nutrients, and potentially phytotoxic elements in soils. These soil-property groups can be altered by biochar addition, depending on soil textures. The current study aimed to examine the impacts of biochar on rice growth and identify associated mechanisms related to characteristics of soils of contrasting textures. A pot experiment was conducted using clayey and sandy soils added with five biochar rates (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5%, w/w) and planted with rice. Rice biomass was measured, and soil samples were taken to be analyzed for ten parameters when the experiment was ended. The base index (BI, average concentrations of exchangeable calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium), the nutrient index (NI, average concentrations of NH 4 + and Mehlich-1 P), and the potentially phytotoxic index (PI, average concentrations of exchangeable aluminum, iron, and manganese) were computed for assessment. Biochar improved total rice biomass in the sandy soil (by 55%) more than in the clayey soil (42%). Biochar enhanced properties, the BI, and the NI while reducing the PI in the two tested soils. Total rice biomass was positively correlated with the base ratio (BI/PI) and the nutrient ratio (NI/PI). The findings suggest that mechanisms accounting for improved rice growth could be involved in the enhanced ratios caused by biochar addition. Biochar addition increased rice growth in the sandy soil more than in the clayey soil by raising the base and nutrient ratios of the two soils.

Proteases derived from demonstrate numerous commendable properties, rendering it extensively applicable in biotechnology and various industrial sectors. This study focused on the purification and characterization of the thermostable protease obtained from sp. CNXK100. The purified protease exhibited an estimated molecular weight of 27 kDa, with optimal activity at 75°C and pH 8.0. Notably, the enzyme remained active even without any metal ions and fully active in the presence of Na , K , Mg , and Cu metal ions. The kinetic parameters were determined with a value of 3.13 mg/ml and a value of 3.28 × 10 U/mg. Furthermore, the protease has demonstrated notable stability when subjected to a treatment temperature of up to 65°C for 60 minutes, and across a broad pH range extending from 5.0 to 10.0. This protease also demonstrated resilience against a spectrum of harsh conditions, including exposure to organic solvents, surfactants, bleaching agents, and proteolytic enzymes. Additionally, the enzyme maintained its activity following treatment with commercial detergents, accomplishing complete thrombus lysis at a concentration of 2.50 mg/ml within 4 hours. Remarkably, the protease exhibited stability in terms of activity and protein concentration for 70 days at 4°C. These findings underscore the potential industrial applications of the thermostable protease from sp. CNXK100.

Tylototriton anguliceps and T. ngoclinhensis are two species of crocodile newts native to Vietnam. In this study, we assemble and describe for the first time the complete mitochondrial genomes of T. anguliceps (16,720 bp) and T. ngoclinhensis (16,260 bp). Both genomes consist of 37 genes, which is consistent with most other vertebrates, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). The arrangements of these mitochondrial genes are the same in T. anguliceps and T. ngoclinhensis , but some genes have slight differences in their lengths, start codons, and stop codons. Phylogenetic analysis using 13 PCGs from the mitogenomes as well as concatenated 16S and ND2 sequences confirm the taxonomic identities of the samples, with T. anguliceps belonging to the subgenus Tylototriton and T. ngoclinhensis to the subgenus Yaotriton. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis reveals that the previously assembled mitogenome (GenBank accession KR733683) thought to represent T. wenxianensis is likely belongs to T. maolanensis , thus providing the first mitogenome for this species. This study’s re-identification and the completion of two new mitogenomes provide a total of three new mitogenomes for future studies: those of T. anguliceps , T. ngoclinhensis , and the re-identified T. maolanensis . The new mitogenomes can contribute valuable data for future molecular and evolutionary studies, as well as a basis for conservation genomics of the genus Tylototriton and other salamanders.

[...]12 compounds were found in the ethanol extract of A. langbiangense rhizome and the extract was proved to be able to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial strains The antibacterial activity of the extract was conducted using five bacterial strains, including two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11774), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13976), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 13311). In mass spectrometer, the extract was then ionized using electrospray ionization source (ESI) at positive mode and the mass spectra data were recorded on mode for a mass range 50-2000 m/z. [...]there were 12 compounds present in the ethanol extract with similar molecular weights with compounds found in previous studies (Table 2).

Amorphophalus lanceolatus is a rare member belonged to Araceae family and is recorded as an endemic species of Binh Chau–Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve (Vietnam). The phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of A. lanceolatus have not been studied yet. In this study, we determined the phytochemical composition of ethanol extract of A. lanceolatus tuber using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and evaluated the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract via disk diffusion test. We identified 12 compounds in ethanol extract of A. lanceolatus tuber, such as polyethylene glycol–diglycidyl ether, lycopersin, heptacosane, n–heneicosylcyclopentane, homalomenol F, maltitol, pyrinuron, octadecane, 2 (1H) naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a–hexahydro–4,8a–dimethyl–6–(1–methylethenyl), 2–methylfluoranthene, quinic acid, 1H–imidazole. Moreover, we proved that ethanol extract of A. lanceolatus tuber could inhibit the growth of B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a plant bacterial pathogen that causes bacterial blight (BB) disease, resulting in serious production losses of rice. The crystal structure of malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase (XoMCAT), encoded by the gene fabD (Xoo0880) from Xoo, was determined at 2.3 angstrom resolution in complex with N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethansulfonic acid. Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase transfers malonyl group from malonyl CoA to acyl carrier protein (ACP). The transacylation step is essential in fatty acid synthesis. Based on the rationale, XoMCAT has been considered as a target for antibacterial agents against BB. Protein-protein interaction between XoMCAT and ACP was also extensively investigated using computational docking, and the proposed model revealed that ACP bound to the cleft between two XoMCAT subdomains.