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To investigate factors associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Viet Nam. We did a multicentre prospective observational study of people (> 18 years) presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (not caused by trauma) to three tertiary hospitals in Viet Nam from February 2014 to December 2018. We collected data on characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and compared these data by type of transportation to hospital and survival to hospital admission. We assessed factors associated with survival to admission to and discharge from hospital using logistic regression analysis. Of 590 eligible people with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 440 (74.6%) were male and the mean age was 56.1 years (standard deviation: 17.2). Only 24.2% (143/590) of these people survived to hospital admission and 14.1% (83/590) survived to hospital discharge. Most cardiac arrests (67.8%; 400/590) occurred at home, 79.4% (444/559) were witnessed by bystanders and 22.3% (124/555) were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander. Only 8.6% (51/590) of the people were taken to hospital by the emergency medical services and 32.2% (49/152) received pre-hospital defibrillation. Pre-hospital defibrillation (odds ratio, OR: 3.90; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54-9.90) and return of spontaneous circulation in the emergency department (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.03-8.12) were associated with survival to hospital admission. Hypothermia therapy during post-resuscitation care was associated with survival to discharge (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 2.33-12.74). Improvements are needed in the emergency medical services in Viet Nam such as increasing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and public access defibrillation, and improving ambulance and post-resuscitation care.

Background Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a major concern in developing countries. The present study sought to define the pattern of antimicrobial resistance in ICU patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methods Between November 2014 and September 2015, we enrolled 220 patients (average age ~ 71 yr) who were admitted to ICU in a major tertiary hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Data concerning demographic characteristics and clinical history were collected from each patient. The Bauer–Kirby disk diffusion method was used to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility. Results Antimicrobial resistance was commonly found in ceftriaxone (88%), ceftazidime (80%), ciprofloxacin (77%), cefepime (75%), levofloxacin (72%). Overall, the rate of antimicrobial resistance to any drug was 93% ( n  = 153/164), with the majority (87%) being resistant to at least 2 drugs. The three commonly isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter ( n  = 75), Klebsiella ( n  = 39), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( n  = 29). Acinetobacter baumannii were virtually resistant to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacilin, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. High rates (>70%) of ceftriaxone and ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella were also observed. Conclusion These data indicated that critically ill patients on ventilator in Vietnam were at disturbingly high risk of antimicrobial resistance . The data also imply that these Acinetobacter, Klebsiella , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and multidrug resistance pose serious therapeutic problems in ICU patients. A concerted and systematic effort is required to rapidly identify high risk patients and to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries.

Objective To investigate factors associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Viet Nam. Methods We did a multicentre prospective observational study of people (> 18 years) presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (not caused by trauma) to three tertiary hospitals in Viet Nam from February 2014 to December 2018. We collected data on characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and compared these data by type of transportation to hospital and survival to hospital admission. We assessed factors associated with survival to admission to and discharge from hospital using logistic regression analysis. Findings Of 590 eligible people with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 440 (74.6%) were male and the mean age was 56.1 years (standard deviation: 17.2). Only 24.2% (143/590) of these people survived to hospital admission and 14.1% (83/590) survived to hospital discharge. Most cardiac arrests (67.8%; 400/590) occurred at home, 79.4% (444/559) were witnessed by bystanders and 22.3% (124/555) were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander. Only 8.6% (51/590) of the people were taken to hospital by the emergency medical services and 32.2% (49/152) received pre-hospital defibrillation. Pre-hospital defibrillation (odds ratio, OR: 3.90; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54-9.90) and return of spontaneous circulation in the emergency department (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.03-8.12) were associated with survival to hospital admission. Hypothermia therapy during post-resuscitation care was associated with survival to discharge (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 2.33-12.74). Conclusion Improvements are needed in the emergency medical services in Viet Nam such as increasing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and public access defibrillation, and improving ambulance and post-resuscitation care. Objectif Examiner les facteurs associes a la survie apres un arret cardiaque hors hopital au Viet Nam. Methodes Nous avons mene une etude d'observation prospective multicentrique sur des personnes (> 18 ans) ayant subi un arret cardiaque hors hopital (non traumatique) et admis dans trois hopitaux tertiaires au Viet Nam entre fevrier 2014 et decembre 2018. Nous avons recolte des donnees sur les caracteristiques, la gestion et l'issue de ces patients, puis les avons compares en fonction du moyen de transport vers l'hopital et de la survie apres leur admission. Enfin, nous avons mesure des facteurs associes a la survie lors de l'admission et de la sortie de l'etablissement a l'aide d'une analyse de regression logistique. Resultats Sur les 590 patients eligibles ayant subi un arret cardiaque hors hopital, 440 (74,6%) etaient des hommes et l'age moyen s'elevait a 56,1 ans (ecart type: 17.2). Seulement 24,2% (143/590) d'entre eux ont survecu a leur admission a l'hopital, et 14,1% (83/590) a leur sortie. La plupart des arrets cardiaques (67,8%; 400/590) ont eu lieu a domicile, 79,4% (444/559) se sont deroules en presence de passants et 22,3% (124/555) ont fait l'objet d'une reanimation cardiopulmonaire pratiquee par un temoin. A peine 8,6% (51/590) des patients ont ete emmenes a l'hopital par les services medicaux d'urgence, et 32,2% (49/152) ont recu une defibrillation avant d'arriver a l'hopital. La defibrillation prehospitaliere (odds ratio, OR: 3,90; intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 1,54-9,90) et le retablissement d'une circulation spontanee aux urgences (OR: 2,89; IC de 95%: 1,03-8,12) allaient de pair avec la survie apres admission. Lhypothermie therapeutique administree durant les soins post-reanimation etait liee a un meilleur taux de survie au moment de la sortie (OR: 5,44; IC de 95%: 2,33-12,74). Conclusion Des amenagements sont requis en matiere de services medicaux d'urgence au Viet Nam, notamment pour encourager la pratique de la reanimation cardiopulmonaire aupres de la population, garantir l'acces a des defibrillateurs publics, mais aussi ameliorer les soins en ambulance et en post-reanimation. Objetivo Investigar los factores relacionados con la supervivencia despues de un paro cardiaco extrahospitalario en Vietnam. Metodos Se realizo un estudio observacional prospectivo multicentrico de personas (>18 anos) que sufrieron un paro cardiaco extrahospitalario (no causado por traumatismo) en tres hospitales terciarios de Vietnam entre febrero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Se recopilaron los datos sobre las caracteristicas, el tratamiento y los resultados de los pacientes con paro cardiaco extrahospitalario y se compararon segun el tipo de transporte hasta el hospital y la supervivencia hasta el ingreso en el hospital. Se evaluaron los factores de supervivencia hasta el ingreso y el alta hospitalaria mediante un analisis de regresion logistica. Resultados De las 590 personas que cumplian los requisitos y sufrieron un paro cardiaco extrahospitalario, 440 (74,6 %) eran hombres, cuya edad media era de 56,1 anos (desviacion estandar: 17,2). Solo el 24,2 % (143/590) de estas personas sobrevivieron al ingreso en el hospital y el 14,1 % (83/590) sobrevivieron al alta hospitalaria. La mayoria de los paros cardiacos (67,8 %; 400/590) ocurrieron en el hogar, el 79,4 % (444/559) fueron presenciados por transeuntes y el 22,3 % (124/555) recibieron reanimacion cardiopulmonar por un transeunte. Solo el 8,6 % (51/590) de las personas fueron trasladadas al hospital por los servicios medicos de emergencia y el 32,2 % (49/152) recibieron desfibrilacion prehospitalaria. La desfibrilacion prehospitalaria (oportunidad relativa, OR: 3,90; intervalo de confianza del 95 %, IC: 1,54-9,90) y la recuperacion de la circulacion espontanea en el servicio de urgencias (OR: 2,89; IC del 95 %: 1,03-8,12) se asociaron a la supervivencia hasta el ingreso hospitalario. La hipotermia terapeutica durante la atencion posterior a la reanimacion se asocio a la supervivencia hasta el alta (OR: 5,44; IC del 95 %: 2,33-12,74). Conclusion Se necesitan mejoras en los servicios medicos de emergencia de Vietnam, como el aumento de las intervenciones de reanimacion cardiopulmonar para transeuntes y de desfibrilacion de acceso publico, asi como el mejoramiento de la atencion en las ambulancias y de los cuidados posteriores a la reanimacion. [phrase omitted]

Coconut palm’s economic significance across the tropics, underpinning livelihoods and industries, is increasingly threatened by pests, diseases, genetic erosion, and natural disasters. This underscores the urgent need for efficient germplasm conservation strategies. In vitro culture of zygotic embryos provides a vital pathway for secure global conservation and exchange, particularly for elite varieties like Makapuno. However, standardized, practical protocols for the international exchange of fresh, non-cryopreserved embryos remain underdeveloped. To address this gap, this study refined a key protocol for fresh coconut embryo exchange by systematically optimizing critical parameters. The results demonstrated that an optimal culture medium containing low sucrose (10 g/L), activated charcoal (1 g/L), Gelrite (2.5 g/L), and 1 mL medium per cryotube significantly enhanced embryo size (40% increase; p < 0.05) compared to sucrose-free controls. While surface sterilization using AgNPs showed a marginal growth advantage over NaClO, rigorous transportation simulations confirmed that embryos retain high viability and regeneration potential only if delivered within seven days. These findings establish a robust, standardized framework for enhancing the global exchange and conservation of elite coconut germplasm, directly supporting genetic conservation and varietal improvement efforts.