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Kaempferia L., a medicinal genus of Zingiberaceae family, is widely distributed from India to Southeast Asia and is rich in terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and volatile oils. Recently, it has gained attention for its diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tuberculosis effects. However, several Kaempferia species complexes exhibit similar morphological characteristics, making identification and classification challenging. This study integrates morphology, molecular phylogeny, and phytochemistry to identify and distinguish Kaempferia species. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using four DNA barcoding markers: one nuclear region (ITS) and three chloroplast markers ( mat K, rbc L, and psb A- trn H). Untargeted metabolomic analysis using SPME-GC-MS, combined with multivariate statistical analyses, was employed to resolve species relationships and display volatile profiles among 15 Kaempferia species from two subgenera. A total of 217 metabolites were identified by the SPME-GC-MS technique. Variable Importance in Projection (VIP ≥ 1.5) analysis indicated 30 key metabolites, primarily sesquiterpenes, as specific chemotaxonomic markers. This study provides a comprehensive chemical profile of Kaempferia species and highlights metabolomic differences among them. Our findings emphasize the importance of integrating morphological, molecular, and phytochemical approaches for precise identification of closely related species, particularly within Kaempferia . This chemotaxonomic research also provides further applications for species authentication in pharmaceuticals and medicine.

is a genus belonging to the ginger family. Currently, this genus is comprised of about 63 species, mainly distributed from India to Southeast Asia. During our fieldwork, a new species of was found in Chon Buri Province, Thailand. The objective of this article was to provide morphological evidence and confirm its relationships in through molecular phylogenetic analysis. Plant samples were collected from field sites and investigated by conventional taxonomy and molecular techniques. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood criterion and Bayesian inference. The morphological evolution was also examined to elaborate the relationships among representative taxa. from southeastern Thailand is described and illustrated based on morphological features and its taxonomic placement was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological evolution. An identification key is provided for the new species occurring in Thailand. is a new enumerated species of from Thailand.

Thirty-two terpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of seven taxa of the genus Simsia, eighteen of which are new natural products. Simsia foetida var. megacephala yielded eleven sesquiterpene alcohols of guaiane and germacrane skeletons, whereas S. foetida var. foetida afforded four guaian-7,8 (cis)-olides. Ten guaian-6,7 (trans)-olides were isolated from S. foetida var. panamensis and var. guatemalensis. S. chaseae produced three germacranolides and a guaianolide, all of which contain 7,8 (trans)-y-lactones. Two known terpenoids, ent-kaurenic acid and spathulenol, were isolated from S. eurylepis and S. amplexicaulis. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectral data including high-field and two-dimensional NMR studies. The complete $\\sp{1}$H and $\\sp{13}$C NMR spectral assignments for all the compounds are given.