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The incentives for growing fuelwood on small farms are examined using survey data from Kenya. The analysis finds that tree planting is a competitive activity and that farmers are responsive to incentives to plant trees. These incentives vary across households facing different factor availabilities and market opportunities. The existence of a persistent fuelwood \"gap,\" and the notion that population pressure will lead to declining tree cover, are not supported by the analysis. A simulation model indicates that as land continues to be subdivided tree cover may actually rise, a result consistent with other evidence of an \"environmental Kuznets curve.\"

An increase in the procurement price affects government procurement of wheat in at least four ways. Properly estimating the total effect requires taking account of both the direct effects of an increased share of marketed surplus being procured and the indirect effects through the impact on production, marketed surplus, and the wholesale price. Estimates are that a real one-rupee increase per 40 kilograms — approximately 1.25 percent — will raise procurement by about 90 thousand tons.

The variability of Pakistan's wheat production in recent years has highlighted the need for the country to develop a storage and trade strategy which takes into account the needs of producers, consumers, and the government. Production variability is a problem despite the fact that cereal production is considerably less unstable in Pakistan than in most other countries in the world, primarily because of the presence of irrigation works [14]. Nevertheless, the country has experienced three significant shortfalls in wheat production in the last nine years, and is presently faced with the different but no less severe problem of an exceptionally large crop. A strategy is needed for dealing with both production shortfalls and surpluses.

Past published studies establishing a significant, positive link between education and agricultural productivity have used Asian data almost exclusively. With one exception, these studies have not checked to see if the positive impact of education comes about only by screening for ability. Using household level data from coffee regions of Kenya and Tanzania, this study finds that households in which the agricultural decision-maker is numerate and literate produce 30 percent more agricultural output, holding other variables constant. This estimate of the impact of education is markedly higher than those made using years of schooling as an independent variable. Increasing cognitive skills beyond basic numeracy and literacy has no additional impact on production. Evidence from Kenya (but not from Tanzania) suggests that reasoning ability and the presence of at least one educated person in the household also increase productivity substantially.