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Introduction To evaluate the outcomes and demographics of encephalocele patients who were born and received treatment in our neonatal ICU and conduct a PRISMA literature review. Methods An Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective cohort study was undertaken to investigate the results of treating encephalocele patients at Jackson Memorial Hospital (JMH) from 1998 to 2022. The study focused on assessing outcomes and the impact of maternal socioeconomic factors, such as religion, age, and education, along with the timing of diagnosis, in connection with a systematic review. Results A total of 20 encephalocele patients were identified (13 females and 7 males), with 15 having available medical records for review. Most of these cases involved occipital encephaloceles (73.3%). Maternal ages at the time of delivery ranged from 15 to 42 years, with a mean age of 27.3 years. The average gestational age at birth was 37 weeks. Ten cases had a prenatal diagnosis documented, occurring between 12 and 24.5 weeks of gestation. Three of the surviving patients had records of prenatal counseling that included discussions about termination. No infections were reported. Among the 15 cases, 11 patients (73.3%) were alive at the last follow-up, with a mean age at follow-up of 4.12 years, ranging from 6 weeks to 15 years post-birth. Hydrocephalus was noted in 26.7%. Only 1 mother had completed high school. Most mothers were either on Medicaid (9 patients) or uninsured (3 patients), with only 3 having commercial insurance. Religious affiliations varied among the mothers, with 14 out of 15 identifying with a particular religion. The systematic review identified 22 articles from various countries, with 11 articles meeting the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. These articles revealed potential maternal risk factors for encephaloceles, including low-nutrient diets, inadequate folic acid intake, young maternal age, advanced maternal age, low socioeconomic status, and limited educational attainment. Conclusions In the twenty-first century, there is a positive trend in the survival rates of children born with encephalocele. However, maternal factors such as low socioeconomic status and limited educational attainment remain prominent, affecting their ability to access timely prenatal care and impacting follow-up medical care for these children.

Abstract Background Firefighters display increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The distribution for CRC stage at diagnosis among firefighters compared to other occupational groups is unknown. Methods Colorectal cancer cases from the Florida Cancer Data System cancer registry (2001-2014) for males ≥20 years were ascertained. Firefighters were identified through either direct linkage with Florida Fire Marshal’s Office employment and certification records or Standard Occupation Codes annotated at diagnosis. White-collar, blue-collar, and service workers were also identified according to these codes. Stage at diagnosis was classified as localized, regional, or distant. Bivariate tabulations of occupational groups and clinicodemographic covariates were conducted using contingency tables. The association between occupational group and stage at diagnosis was assessed by multivariable multinomial logistic regression adjusting for year of diagnosis, age, race and ethnicity, tobacco use and cancer diagnosis sequence. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) are reported. Results In total, 13 813 CRC cases, including 346 cases among firefighters, were analyzed. Firefighters were more likely to be non-Hispanic white and be diagnosed with a single primary cancer. One hundred and forty (40.5%) firefighter CRC cases were localized. Using firefighters as the referent group, only blue-collar workers approached 50% increased odds of later-stage diagnoses (aORRegional = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.84; P = .004; aORDistant =1.49; 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.01; P = .008). Individuals ≥50 years and the first among multiple primary cancers were more likely to have localized CRC (P < .001). Conclusion Although firefighters have increased CRC risk, they tend to be diagnosed more localized. Improved screening across worker groups can increase the percentage of localized CRCs. Graphical abstract

Objetivo: Caracterizar el autoconcepto en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios adscritos a dos universidades de la ciudad de Manizales y analizar el efecto de la disciplina y la formación profesional sobre este constructo. Método: Se empleó el cuestionario AF5, se describieron las variables, se comparó el desempeño en las diferentes dimensiones del autoconcepto presentado por los estudiantes, discriminando entre semestres por programas y género. Para ello se trabajó la prueba t o análisis de varianza (dependiendo del número de medias a comparar), o las pruebas no paramétricas correspondientes. Resultados: Se encontró que para el caso de los hombres, a nivel de autoconcepto académico-laboral y social, los estudiantes del programa de Filosofía presentan menores promedios que los de las demás carreras evaluadas. Se evidenciaron menores promedios entre los estudiantes de Historia y Licenciatura en Ciencias Sociales, respecto a programas del área de la salud. En el caso de las mujeres, se hallaron diferencias significativas a nivel del autoconcepto académico-laboral entre las estudiantes de primer semestre del programa de Filosofía con un menor promedio, respecto a las mujeres del programa de Desarrollo Familiar. Conclusión: Los estudiantes quedarán ubicados por encima del promedio de los baremos existentes para la prueba, lo que hace evidente la necesidad de realizar estudios de estandarización de la prueba para población universitaria colombiana.

En el presente artículo se identifican y comparan las dimensiones del Autoconcepto desde una perspectiva multidimensional, en una muestra de 63 estudiantes mujeres que cursan primeros y últimos semestres del programa de Desarrollo Familiar de la Universidad de Caldas en Manizales, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio transversal de carácter inferencial utilizando las variables semestre y dimensiones del Autoconcepto, a partir de la aplicación de la prueba AF5. En el análisis estadístico, se compararon los desempeños en los diferentes factores del Autoconcepto de las estudiantes de primeros y últimos semestres. Las estudiantes de últimos semestres presentaron mayor media en lo académico laboral, cuando se compararon contra las de primeros semestres. Adicionalmente, se evidenció para las estudiantes un desempeño por encima de la media general en todas las dimensiones del Autoconcepto evaluadas (con excepción del autoconcepto emocional), con respecto a los baremos españoles de la prueba, lo que sugiere la necesidad de continuar avanzando en la estandarización del AF5 en Colombia.