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"Piombo, Jessica"
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The Impact of Aid Dynamics on State Effectiveness and Legitimacy
Efforts to build state capacity in developing countries are often predicated on the assumption that external partners can help states improve their effectiveness and earn legitimacy by providing aid for public service provision. In a theory-building exercise, this paper advances a typology of aid dynamics in order to afford a granular picture of how development assistance for public service provision interacts with internal governance processes in recipient countries. Developing a conjunctural conceptualization of aid dynamics, we articulate how the impact of foreign aid depends not just on how much money is involved but also on whether donors or recipient governments are more influential in designing and implementing aid programs. We illustrate the descriptive utility of this typology by applying it to our empirical research on aid in the health and education sectors in Cambodia, Laos, and Uganda. We also probe causal expectations emerging from the typology, anticipating that aid for public service delivery has distinct and separate effects on state effectiveness and legitimacy depending on the precise aid conjuncture through which it is conceived and delivered. We conclude with suggestions for further research on the impact of foreign aid on state–society relations through the lens of public service delivery.
Journal Article
Electoral politics in South Africa : assessing the first democratic decade
Ten years into the 'new' South Africa, how does democracy function? This volume provides a retrospective on a decade of elections and democracy in South Africa. The book analyzes the evolution of the party system and electoral campaigns; tracks changes in public opinion and voter motivations; assesses the political implications of socioeconomic change; depicts the evolution of parliament and the electoral system; probes the often-tense relationship between media and government; analyzes the institutionalization the Independent Electoral Commission; and, finally, argues that South Africa is witnessing a 'normalization' of politics. The book speaks to a broad range of topics, all linked through the electoral theme, which get to the heart of many issues in contemporary South African politics.
eBook
Peacemaking in Burundi: Conflict Resolution versus Conflict Management Strategies
Peacemakers are faced with a difficult decision when engaging in negotiations to end conflict: should they adopt a conflict resolution strategy that seeks to address the fundamental drivers of conflict (root causes) or pursue a more limited strategy of conflict termination that seeks to respond to the symptoms of violence? This article investigates this question through a case study of the Burundian civil war of the 1990s. It analyzes externally facilitated peace negotiations in order to explore the types of issues that were brought into the process, to ask when and why certain issues were or were not considered, and to investigate the effects of the choices made in negotiating strategies. The lessons of the Burundi case suggest that fundamental issues must be addressed if a conflict is to be fully resolved rather than just managed. Delaying the resolution of root causes until after peacemakers have exited the situation can enable powerful groups to avoid addressing the issues. After the peacemaking and negotiations process ends, there is less international attention and pressure, so the ability to perpetuate the status quo is enhanced. The difficulty is that the issues that fomented conflict in the first place may prove too sensitive to be introduced into negotiations when the conflict is either ongoing or very recent.
Journal Article
Oil Rents and Political Power in Africa
This chapter analyses the domestic interaction of oil and power in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. It follows by analysis of the changing roles of the oil producers within their region, with countries beyond the region, and in the global economic and political system. In all three countries, the political system concentrates power in the hands of the president. Before 1990 the Caspian Basin was not an important oil-producing region and the Caspian Sea was divided between the Soviet Union and Iran. The modern Caspian oil industry dates from the Tengiz agreement signed between Chevron and the USSR in 1990, the largest foreign investment deal in Soviet history. Under Turkmenbashi, increasing energy-driven wealth had minimal impact on Turkmenistan's international relations. The counterpart to the autocratic President's complete autonomy in domestic policymaking was a foreign policy of neutrality, based on aversion to any foreign interference.
Book Chapter
The Results of Election 2004: Looking Back, Stepping Forward
On April 14, 2004, South Africans voted for the third time in democratic national and provincial elections. This third test of majority rule demonstrated that the institutionalization of democracy in South Africa is well under way and that politics are normalizing to an extent that can be observed in many established democracies around the world. Now that the 2004 election has come and gone, we can begin to evaluate what the results mean for the state of democracy and party politics, and the future of a democratic South Africa.
Book Chapter