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This review covers results on the production of all possible electroweak boson pairs and 2-to-1 vector boson fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of 7 and 8 TeV. The data were taken between 2010 and 2012. Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings (aTGCs) then follow. In addition, data on electroweak triple gauge boson production and 2-to-2 vector boson scattering yield limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings (aQGCs). The LHC hosts two general purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS, which have both reported limits on aTGCs and aQGCs which are herein summarized. The interpretation of these limits in terms of an effective field theory is reviewed, and recommendations are made for testing other types of new physics using multi-gauge boson production.

We study the sensitivity to longitudinal vector boson scattering at a 27, 50 and 100 TeV \\(pp\\) collider using events containing two leptonically-decaying same-electric-charge \\(W\\) bosons produced in association with two jets. The baseline FCC-hh detector parameterization within the Delphes framework is used under the assumption of fully efficient pile-up mitigation. A tightly constrained phase space with a dijet mass greater than 2 TeV is considered in order to suppress the impact of potential instrumental backgrounds. Based on this setup, the expected sensitivity to the production of longitudinally polarized same-sign \\(W\\) boson pairs is evaluated. Additionally, expected limits are set on doubly charged Higgs bosons produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to same-sign \\(W\\) boson pairs.

The extensive and ambitious physics program planned at the Future Circular Collider for electrons and positrons (FCC-ee) imposes strict constraints on detector performance. This work investigates how different detector properties impact jet flavor identification and their subsequent effects on high-profile physics analyses. Using Higgs boson coupling measurements and searches for invisible Higgs decays as benchmarks, we systematically evaluate the sensitivity of these analyses to tracker and calorimeter detector configurations. We examine variations in single-point resolution, material budget, silicon layer placement, and particle identification capabilities, quantifying their effects on flavor-tagging performance. Additionally, we present the first comprehensive study of Higgs-to-invisible decay detection using full detector simulation, providing important insights for optimizing future detector designs at lepton colliders.

Longitudinal vector boson scattering provides an important probe of electroweak symmetry breaking, bringing sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model as well as constraining properties of the Higgs boson. It is a difficult process to study due to the small production cross section and challenging separation of the different polarization states. We study the sensitivity to longitudinal \\(WV\\) vector boson scattering at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider in semileptonic final states. While these are characterized by larger background contributions compared to fully leptonic final states, they benefit from a higher signal cross section due to the enhanced branching fraction. We determine the polarization through full reconstruction of the event kinematics using the \\(W\\) boson mass constraint and through the use of jet substructure. We show that with these techniques sensitivities around three standard deviations at the HL-LHC are achievable, which makes this channel competitive with its fully leptonic counterparts.

The Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab with its centre of mass energy of 1.96 TeV allows for pair production of top quarks and the study of top quark decay properties. This report reflects the current status of measurements of the W boson helicity in top quark decays and the ratio of top quark branching fractions as well as searches for neutral current top quark decays and pair production of fourth generation t' quarks, performed by the D0 Collaboration utilising datasets of up to 5.4/fb.

This review summarizes the program in the physics of the top quark being pursued at Fermilab's Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. More than a decade after the discovery of the top quark at the two collider detectors CDF and D0, the Tevatron has been the only accelerator to produce top quarks and to study them directly. The Tevatron's increased luminosity and center of mass energy offer the possibility to scrutinize the properties of this heaviest fundamental particle through new measurements that were not feasible before, such as the first evidence for electroweak production of top quarks and the resulting direct constraints on the involved couplings. Better measurements of top quark properties provide more stringent tests of predictions from the standard model of elementary particle physics. In particular, the improvement in measurements of the mass of the top quark, with the latest uncertainty of 0.7% marking the most precisely measured quark mass to date, further constrains the prediction of the mass of the still to be discovered Higgs boson.

The Tevatron proton–antiproton collider at Fermilab operates at a centre of mass energy of 1.96 TeV and is currently the only source for the production of top quarks. Recent DØ results on the top quark's production cross section and its properties such as mass, helicity of the W in its decay and branching fraction B(t → Wb) are presented, and probe the validity of the Standard Model (SM).

We study the sensitivity to longitudinal vector boson scattering at a 27, 50 and 100 TeV \\(pp\\) collider using events containing two leptonically-decaying same-electric-charge \\(W\\) bosons produced in association with two jets.

The unitarization of the longitudinal vector boson scattering (VBS) cross section by the Higgs boson is a fundamental prediction of the Standard Model which has not been experimentally verified. One of the most promising ways to measure VBS uses events containing two leptonically-decaying same-electric-charge \\(W\\) bosons produced in association with two jets. However, the angular distributions of the leptons in the \\(W\\) boson rest frame, which are commonly used to fit polarization fractions, are not readily available in this process due to the presence of two neutrinos in the final state. In this paper we present a method to alleviate this problem by using a deep machine learning technique to recover these angular distributions from measurable event kinematics and demonstrate how the longitudinal-longitudinal scattering fraction could be studied. We show that this method doubles the expected sensitivity when compared to previous proposals.

The precise measurement of physics observables and the test of their consistency within the standard model (SM) are an invaluable approach, complemented by direct searches for new particles, to determine the existence of physics beyond the standard model (BSM). Studies of massive electroweak gauge bosons (W and Z bosons) are a promising target for indirect BSM searches, since the interactions of photons and gluons are strongly constrained by the unbroken gauge symmetries. They can be divided into two categories: (a) Fermion scattering processes mediated by s- or t-channel W/Z bosons, also known as electroweak precision measurements; and (b) multi-boson processes, which include production of two or more vector bosons in fermion-antifermion annihilation, as well as vector boson scattering (VBS) processes. The latter categories can test modifications of gauge-boson self-interactions, and the sensitivity is typically improved with increased collision energy. This report evaluates the achievable precision of a range of future experiments, which depend on the statistics of the collected data sample, the experimental and theoretical systematic uncertainties, and their correlations. In addition it presents a combined interpretation of these results, together with similar studies in the Higgs and top sector, in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework. This framework provides a model-independent prescription to put generic constraints on new physics and to study and combine large sets of experimental observables, assuming that the new physics scales are significantly higher than the EW scale.