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Systematic detection of risky nutrition behaviors after sports surgery may better promote healing for return-to-sport. The purpose of this study was to assess nutritional behavior differences between patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and following other lower-extremity orthopedic surgeries. One pediatric sports medicine center was reviewed for a custom Sports Nutrition Assessment for Consultation, which investigates nutrition-related risk factors for youth athletes at their first post-operative visit. Patients reported “Yes” or “No” to eight questions, after which they were offered a nutrition consultation for any response indicating risk. A total of 243 post-ACLR and 242 non-ACLR patients were reviewed. The post-ACLR patients more often reported a change in appetite (p = 0.021), recent weight changes (p = 0.011), a desire to better understand nutrition (p = 0.004), and recommendations to change their body composition (p = 0.032). More post-ACLR patients were identified for a nutrition consultation (p = 0.002), though an equal percentage accepted the consultation between groups. Age and sex were not determined to be significant confounders after matched sub-analysis. The post-ACLR patients more often reported nutrition risks, specifically weight-related issues, regardless of age or sex. Sports surgeons should regularly inquire about nutrition-related concerns with patients and refer to sports dietitians for recovery nutrition support as needed, particularly after ACLR.

This study investigated trends within a custom Sports Nutrition Assessment for Consultation (SNAC) survey designed to identify nutrition-related risk factors among post-operative lower-extremity youth athletes. Athletes aged 8–18 years who completed the SNAC at a sports medicine institution after lower-extremity surgery were reviewed for associations between SNAC questions and age/sex differences. Of 477 patients (15.0 ± 2.0 years; 47.8% female), 319 (66.9%) answered ‘yes’ to at least one question and were identified for a consult, though 216 (64.3%) declined. The most frequent questions to prompt a consult were a desire to better understand nutrition for recovery (41.5%) and regularly skipping at least one meal a day (29.8%). Inter-question responses were often significantly related, especially regarding appetite changes, weight changes, and/or meal-skipping. While consult acceptance was not significantly different between sex/age, males were more likely to report a desire to better understand nutrition (p = 0.004) and a weight change (p = 0.019), and females were more likely to report struggling with dizziness/fatigue (p < 0.001). Additionally, older athletes reported an appetite change (p = 0.022), meal-skipping (p = 0.002), a desire to better understand nutrition (p < 0.001), a weight change (p < 0.001), and an effort/recommendation to change their body composition/weight (p = 0.005). These findings demonstrate a link between risky nutrition behaviors and physical detriments.

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to discuss the use of point-of-care ultrasound for sideline youth sports coverage. Recent Findings Participation in youth sports has been increasing, with trends that athletes are specializing earlier and competing at higher levels at younger ages (NSCH 2019, Fabricant 2013). Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) utilizes non-invasive imaging to diagnose and manage various musculoskeletal conditions ranging from traumatic injuries, such as fractures and intramuscular hematomas, to early screening for conditions such as asymptomatic knee lesions. Since it is well-tolerated by children and adolescents and allows for easy accessibility for sideline care, POCUS could provide a strong alternative to other imaging modalities such as x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as both have their limitations. Youth sideline sports coverage could be enhanced with immediate medical attention from ultrasound-trained medical professionals. On the sidelines of a traumatic injury, POCUS expedites patient care with immediate examination of acute injuries. In low resource and hard-to-reach locations such as a rural youth sporting event, it can be key in the triaging of injuries. As a supplement to a physical exam, the risk of a misdiagnosis is reduced, and a long, expensive trip to the hospital for unnecessary imaging studies may be avoided. Summary Ultrasound is a versatile, non-invasive, radiation-free imaging modality that serves as an accessible option for sideline coverage at youth sporting events. Ultrasound is well-tolerated by children and adolescents. It can be used to evaluate, diagnose, and manage a range of musculoskeletal conditions at the sidelines of youth sports.

Monitoring the flow features over wind turbine blades is a challenging task that has become more and more crucial. This paper is devoted to demonstrate the ability of the e-TellTale sensor to detect the flow stall–reattachment dynamics over wind turbine blades. This sensor is made of a strip with a strain gauge sensor at its base. The velocity field was acquired using time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) measurements over an oscillating 2D blade section equipped with an e-TellTale sensor. PIV images were post-processed to detect movements of the strip, which was compared to movements of flow. Results show good agreement between the measured velocity field and movements of the strip regarding the stall–reattachment dynamics.

We present an experimental study of the aerodynamic forces on a thick and cambered airfoil at a high Reynolds number 3.6 x 10^6, which is of direct relevance for wind turbine design. Unlike thin airfoils at low chord-based Reynolds numbers, no consistent description currently exists for the stall process on such airfoils. We consider two chord-wise rows of instantaneous wall pressure measurements, taken simultaneously at two spanwise locations over a range of angles of attack. We show that around maximum lift conditions, a strong asymmetry is observed in the statistics of the normal force on each chord. In this range of angles of attacks, the pressure fluctuations are largest in the adverse pressure gradient region, and the fluctuation peak along the chord is systematically located directly upstream of the mean steady separation point, indicating intermittent flow separation. Moreover, the fluctuations are characterized by bi-stability in both space and time: for each spanwise location, large excursions of the local wall pressure between two different levels can be observed in time (jumps), and these excursions are highly anti-correlated between the two spanwise locations (spatial switches). The characteristic time scale for the switches is found to be well correlated with the amplitudes of the fluctuations. Application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis to each row of sensors confirms that the flow separation is an inherently local, three-dimensional and unsteady process that occurs in a continuous manner when the angle of attack increases. The correlation between the dominant POD mode amplitudes is found to be a good indicator of bi-stability. Most of the fluctuations can be captured with the two most energetic POD modes. This suggests that force fluctuations near the maximal lift could be modelled by a low-order approach, for monitoring and control purposes.

The spanwise organization of the flow over a thick airfoil is investigated using surface pressure measurements for a range of angles of attack around maximum lift and high Reynolds numbers (1 Million). Locally strong pressure fluctuations, which are not detected in the global lift coefficient, are shown to be associated with the presence of a stall cell. The stall cell width is of the order of the chord length and increases linearly with the angle of attack, with a weak dependence on the Reynolds number. Its dynamics at Reynolds numbers larger than 1 Million is dominated by a coherent motion in the spanwise direction with a characteristic velocity of order tenth of the freestream velocity. The motion can be decomposed into a large-scale, low-frequency sweep with a Strouhal number equal to 0.001 combined with faster, smaller-scale oscillations. The coherence of the stall cell makes it possible to track global dynamics from local measurements.

We present an efficient neural-based approach to estimate the instantaneous flow field around an airfoil from limited surface pressure measurements. The model, denoted SNN-POD, relies on two independent shallow neural networks to predict the instantaneous flow over a wide range of angles of attack [10,20]. At all angles the global model correctly recovers the average characteristics of the flow from single-time sensor data, thus allowing combination with local, angle-dependent models. The method is applied to 2D URANS simulations of a thick airfoil at a Reynolds number of Re=4.5e6. The training set consists of snapshots obtained from a coarse sampling (1-2) of the angle of attack range. A variance-based criterion is used to determine the number and positions of sensors. Tests are carried out for unseen snapshots at angles of attack within the set (sampled angles) as well as outside the set (interpolated angles). The maximum MSE error of attack for sampled and interpolated angles is respectively 2.9% and 6.6%. This makes it possible to develop adaptive strategies to improve the estimation if necessary.