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Bovine mastitis remains a major challenge in dairy production despite extensive antimicrobial use, with therapeutic failure increasingly attributed to factors beyond classical antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Growing evidence indicates that treatment inefficacy arises from the combined effects of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) constraints, biofilm-mediated tolerance, intracellular persistence, and the adaptive capacity of mastitis pathogens. Intramammary therapy is particularly limited by poor tissue penetration, episodic drug elimination via milk flow, and inactivation by milk components, frequently resulting in subtherapeutic exposure at the site of infection. These limitations are amplified in chronic and subclinical mastitis, where biofilms and intracellular reservoirs reduce antimicrobial susceptibility and promote relapse and resistance selection. This narrative review integrates current knowledge on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) barriers, microbial survival strategies, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms that underlie treatment failure in bovine mastitis. It critically evaluates conventional antimicrobial therapies alongside emerging approaches, including antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and endolysins, nanoparticle-based delivery systems, immunomodulators, CRISPR-guided antimicrobials, and drug repurposing strategies. Overall, available evidence highlights the potential of these approaches to enhance therapeutic durability, particularly in settings where biofilm formation, intracellular persistence, and resistance limit conventional treatment efficacy. By mapping research coverage across mastitis phenotypes and therapeutic outcomes, this review identifies key gaps in long-term efficacy and resistance mitigation and underscores the need for PK/PD-guided, biofilm-aware, and resistance-conscious strategies to support durable next-generation mastitis management.

Biofilms are structured microbial communities that pose significant challenges to food safety and quality within the food-processing industry. Their formation on equipment and surfaces enables persistent contamination, microbial resistance, and recurring outbreaks of foodborne illness. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on biofilm formation mechanisms, genetic regulation, and the unique behavior of multi-species biofilms. The review evaluates modern detection and monitoring technologies, including PCR, biosensors, and advanced microscopy, and compares their effectiveness in industrial contexts. Real-world outbreak data and a global economic impact analysis underscore the urgency for more effective regulatory frameworks and sanitation innovations. The findings highlight the critical need for integrated, proactive biofilm management approaches to safeguard food safety, reduce public health risks, and minimize economic losses across global food sectors.

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Online incivility and harassment in political communication have become an important topic of concern among politicians, journalists, and academics. This study provides a descriptive account of uncivil interactions between citizens and politicians on Twitter. We develop a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamics of incivility at three distinct levels: macro (temporal), meso (contextual), and micro (individual). Using longitudinal data from the Twitter communication mentioning Members of Congress in the United States across a time span of over a year and relying on supervised machine learning methods and topic models, we offer new insights about the prevalence and dynamics of incivility toward legislators. We find that uncivil tweets represent consistently around 18% of all tweets mentioning legislators, but with spikes that correspond to controversial policy debates and political events. Although we find evidence of coordinated attacks, our analysis reveals that the use of uncivil language is common to a large number of users.

Background/Objectives: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within a One Health framework highlights the role of wildlife as environmental reservoirs. Because wild game is an increasingly important meat source, hygienic handling during evisceration is critical to prevent carcass contamination from internal tissues such as mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from the MLNs of hunted wild ungulates in western Romania to better understand microbiological hazards along the game meat supply chain. Methods: MLN samples were aseptically collected from 103 legally hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa, n = 78) and cervids (Capreolus capreolus and Cervus elaphus, n = 25) across two hunting grounds. E. coli isolation was performed utilizing selective Tryptone Bile X-Glucuronide agar. Subsequent biochemical identification and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted using the automated VITEK® 2 system. Results: The overall E. coli isolation rate was 72.8% (75/103). Analyzed by host species, the bacterium was recovered from 79.4% of the sampled wild boars (62/78) and 52.0% of the cervids (13/25). Phenotypic resistance to at least one antibiotic agent was observed in 25.3% (19/75) of the isolates, most frequently against cephalosporins (cefalexin, 21.3%) and penicillins (ampicillin, 24.0%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was identified in 20.0% (15/75) of the isolates. Conclusions: The detection of MDR E. coli phenotypes within the MLNs of free-ranging game indicates the penetration of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms into sylvatic environments. These findings underscore the potential risk of internal carcass contamination during field evisceration, highlighting the critical need for strict hygiene practices to ensure game meat safety.

This study focused on identifying the environmental allergens causing allergic dermatitis in 250 dogs from Western Romania. Among the 250 dogs tested, 43% (107) exhibited significant allergic reactions (IgE levels greater than 2 kU/L), particularly in Maltese, French Bulldogs, Golden Retrievers, and West Highland White Terriers. The highest reactivity was observed to house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, 91%), rye pollen (45%), and flea allergen Ctef 1 (15%). Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations between breed, sex, and living environment. Males exhibited a higher susceptibility to allergies (p < 0.001), whereas dogs that spent most of their time indoors were significantly more susceptible to allergic diseases than their mostly outdoors counterparts (p < 0.05). Additionally, dogs under two years old, especially those on a dry food diet, had an elevated risk of developing allergies (p < 0.01). Clinical manifestations included pruritus (60%), otitis externa (42%), and specific skin lesions (66%). The study underscores the role of environmental and dietary factors in the development of allergies in dogs. However, financial limitations related to allergy testing kits restricted the sample size, highlighting the need for further, more comprehensive research to enhance the generalizability of these findings.

Bovine uterine infections remain a widespread challenge in dairy production systems, contributing to reduced fertility and overall herd performance. Background/Objectives: Postpartum uterine infections significantly affect dairy cattle fertility and productivity. This study aimed to identify aerobic bacterial pathogens associated with clinical endometritis in Romanian dairy cows and evaluate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Methods: Uterine swab samples (n = 348) were collected from clinically affected cows across multiple farms. Bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional culture methods and MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK® 2 system with GN 96 and GP 79 cards. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square (χ2) test. Results: A total of 387 bacterial isolates were recovered, with over half of the samples showing mixed bacterial contamination. Escherichia coli was the most frequently identified pathogen (44.9%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (17.3%) and Klebsiella spp. (14.5%). Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, while retaining susceptibility to imipenem and polymyxin B. Among Gram-positive isolates, Streptococcus spp. were highly susceptible to β-lactams, while Staphylococcus spp. showed moderate resistance to penicillin and macrolides. Conclusions: This study highlights the prevalence of key aerobic pathogens and their resistance profiles in Romanian dairy herds. These findings support the need for targeted diagnostics and rational antimicrobial use to improve uterine health and therapeutic outcomes in dairy cattle.

Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli has increasingly been recognized as a pathogen capable of causing severe systemic infections in various animal species. However, reports describing respiratory and septicemic infections caused by MDR E. coli in guinea pigs remain scarce. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical, pathological, and microbiological findings associated with a fatal infection in a domestic guinea pig. Case Study: A 10-month-old female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), kept as a companion animal in a household environment, presented with acute respiratory distress, lethargy, and anorexia, progressing rapidly to death within approximately 36 h of onset. Post-mortem examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion, diffuse inflammatory lesions in the trachea, and generalized vascular congestion in multiple organs. Bacteriological cultures obtained from lung and bone marrow samples yielded pure growth of Escherichia coli. Identification was confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to several antibiotic classes, including β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and phenicols, while susceptibility was retained only to aminoglycosides. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of virulence genes involved in adhesion and iron acquisition, supporting the pathogenic potential of the isolate. Conclusions: This report highlights the ability of MDR E. coli to cause severe respiratory and systemic infections in guinea pigs. The findings underline the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial stewardship, and improved husbandry conditions in preventing such infections. From a One Health perspective, the circulation of resistant strains in companion animals may represent a potential risk for both environmental and human health.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated with poultry production pose an ongoing challenge for food safety and veterinary public health. The present study evaluated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and selected resistance genes of E. coli recovered from broiler chicken carcasses and cecal content in Romania. Over a 12-month period in 2024, a total of 444 samples were collected, including 300 carcasses obtained from slaughterhouses and retail outlets and 144 cecal samples collected at slaughterhouses. Isolates were recovered using standard microbiological procedures and confirmed through biochemical and automated identification systems. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using a minimum inhibitory concentration–based automated platform, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was evaluated phenotypically. Target resistance genes were investigated by PCR. E. coli was identified in 36.0% of carcass samples and 64.6% of cecal samples. High resistance rates were observed for tetracycline (82.6%), ampicillin (68.3%), and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (61.2%), while multidrug resistance occurred in 34.3% of isolates. ESBL production was detected in 11.1% of carcass isolates and 11.8% of cecal isolates and was associated with the presence of blaCTX-M. Additional resistance determinants, including blaTEM, tetA, tetB, sul1, dfrA1, and aadA1, were widely distributed among isolates from both sources. The results suggest that poultry carcasses may contribute to the dissemination of resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli, reflecting intestinal carriage and contamination during processing. Strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, systematic resistance monitoring, and improved hygiene practices throughout the poultry production chain are essential to reduce the public health impact of resistant bacteria.

The state of insolvency is generally regarded by the Romanian and international academic environment as \"a disease\" or even as \"a disease\", \"a sin of the over-indebted\", a \"catastrophe of entrepreneurs\", \"a consequence of globalization\", or as \"a sober and gloomy topic of discussion\". In the fight against this, the insolvency proceedings can be regarded as the 'remedy', which directly and indirectly combats its effects. The importance of an efficient legal regime of the insolvency procedure is all the more obvious in the current context when business is carried out, in large part, through the international networks created by GTSs, NCMS and TNC's. At the macroeconomic level, the bankruptcy of a partner of theirs can lead to the bankruptcy of all business partners and to the creation of a \"snowball\", more or less large, of insolvency proceedings at the level of the entire network. In this context, the need for a homogeneous set of international rules of insolvency proceedings was created, which would ensure a modern judicial management of the insolvency proceedings linked together on multicontinental distances and the avoidance of legislative conflicts. This set of legal rules of insolvency proceedings and economic circumstances can be found, both in legal literature and in the law, as a ' cross-border insolvency procedure'. It was thanks to these valences of the crossborder insolvency procedure that the imperatives of communication, cooperation and coordination of the procedure were triggered, creating two distinct schools of thought along the way, that of 'territorialism' and that of 'universalism'. These imperatives promoted among specialists serve as a powerful countertrench for issues related to the jurisdiction of the courts, normative compatibility and the recognition of foreign proceedings.