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"Power, Anne"
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Family futures : childhood and poverty in urban neighbourhoods
Family futures is about family life in areas of concentrated poverty and social problems where surrounding conditions make bringing up children more difficult and family life is more fraught and limited. This book is based on a longitudinal study of more than 200 families interviewed annually over the last decade. It answers three important questions in the works of families themselves: What challenges face families in poor areas? How are the challenges being met? Have government efforts helped or hindered progress over the past decade?--From cover, [p]. 4.
Book
Investigating the Use of Digital Media in the Music Classroom with Experienced and Pre-Service Teachers
A Western Sydney research project investigated the question, “What are the practices of pre-service teachers and experienced teachers of music in secondary schools that successfully engage their students with digital media?” The hypothesis underlying the project was that digital media offers school students opportunities, and has the potential to allow more self-paced, interactive and personalized learning. Consequently, the research sub-questions were: (1) How are music teachers preparing students with the techniques and skills needed to take advantages of the opportunities that ICT offers? (2) How can music teachers develop their students' capacity to use and contribute to this wealth of information? The participants in the study were five experienced teachers and four pre-service teachers, and the method was a multi-site case study approach. Data collected in the project provided positive findings about growing student engagement with digital media in a range of Sydney schools. Pre-service teachers engaged with digital media for performance, critical listening, composing and providing instant feedback. Experienced teachers tended to limit social networking to older students (16-18-year olds). Both experienced and pre-service teachers used technology for assessment and reflected deeply on the ways digital media changed their pedagogy.
Journal Article
A Stable Isotope Sclerochronology‐Based Forensic Method for Reconstructing Debris Drift Paths With Application to the MH370 Crash
A flaperon belonging to Malaysian Airlines flight MH370 washed ashore on Réunion Island covered with the barnacle Lepas anatifera in July 2015, more than a year after the plane's disappearance. Here, we report the first high‐precision δ18Ocalcite versus temperature relationship for L. anatifera reared under laboratory conditions to unlock clues to the flaperon's drift path and origin. Using this experimental relationship and known growth rates for L. anatifera, we also demonstrate a new method for (a) converting δ18O data for one of the MH370 barnacles into a dated time series of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) experienced during the last part of the flaperon's drift and (b) identifying best fits between the observed flaperon SST time series and 50,000 SST histories generated from a particle‐tracking simulation. Our new method identifies a flaperon drift path far south of a previous isotope‐based reconstruction. We conclude with specific recommendations for using our method to continue the search for MH370 and other applications. Plain Language Summary More than 8 years ago, on 8 March 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 departed from Kuala Lumpur, never to be seen again despite a 4‐year extensive search using sonar imaging technology, submersible vehicles, drift models, and other high‐tech methods. Pieces of plane debris were found across the Indian Ocean, with some confirmed to be of the missing plane. One of the MH370 flaperons, a part of the aircraft's wing, beached on Réunion Island with several generations of stalked barnacles attached to its surface, later identified as Lepas anatifera. At least some of the barnacles were attached and growing shortly after the crash. This study contributes the first experimentally derived equation relating oxygen isotope values of stalked barnacle L. anatifera shells to sea surface temperature during shell formation. We demonstrate how applying the new temperature‐δ18O relationship to published data from small L. anatifera shells collected from the MH370 flaperon, combined with a novel particle‐tracking simulation method, can be used to reconstruct the latter part of the flaperon drift path before beaching. This same method could be applied to the largest, oldest barnacles collected from the same debris to provide important information about the debris drift origin and location of the missing plane. Key Points First experimentally derived sea surface temperature‐δ18Oshell equation for the stalked barnacle, Lepas anatifera New numerical modeling method for reconstructing debris drift paths and origins from barnacle δ18Oshell data First application of these new tools to barnacle δ18Oshell data from missing flight MH370 to produce a partial drift reconstruction
Journal Article
Spatial Transferability of Habitat Suitability Models of Nephrops norvegicus among Fished Areas in the Northeast Atlantic: Sufficiently Stable for Marine Resource Conservation?
Knowledge of the spatial distribution and habitat associations of species in relation to the environment is essential for their management and conservation. Habitat suitability models are useful in quantifying species-environment relationships and predicting species distribution patterns. Little is known, however, about the stability and performance of habitat suitability models when projected into new areas (spatial transferability) and how this can inform resource management. The aims of this study were to model habitat suitability of Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in five fished areas of the Northeast Atlantic (Aran ground, Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, Scotland Inshore and Fladen ground), and to test for spatial transferability of habitat models among multiple regions. Nephrops burrow density was modelled using generalised additive models (GAMs) with predictors selected from four environmental variables (depth, slope, sediment and rugosity). Models were evaluated and tested for spatial transferability among areas. The optimum models (lowest AICc) for different areas always included depth and sediment as predictors. Burrow densities were generally greater at depth and in finer sediments, but relationships for individual areas were sometimes more complex. Aside from an inclusion of depth and sediment, the optimum models differed between fished areas. When it came to tests of spatial transferability, however, most of the models were able to predict Nephrops density in other areas. Furthermore, transferability was not dependent on use of the optimum models since competing models were also able to achieve a similar level of transferability to new areas. A degree of decoupling between model 'fitting' performance and spatial transferability supports the use of simpler models when extrapolating habitat suitability maps to different areas. Differences in the form and performance of models from different areas may supply further information on the processes shaping species' distributions. Spatial transferability of habitat models can be used to support fishery management when the information is scarce but caution needs to be applied when making inference and a multi-area transferability analysis is preferable to bilateral comparisons between areas.
Journal Article
Adhesive Proteins of Stalked and Acorn Barnacles Display Homology with Low Sequence Similarities
Barnacle adhesion underwater is an important phenomenon to understand for the prevention of biofouling and potential biotechnological innovations, yet so far, identifying what makes barnacle glue proteins 'sticky' has proved elusive. Examination of a broad range of species within the barnacles may be instructive to identify conserved adhesive domains. We add to extensive information from the acorn barnacles (order Sessilia) by providing the first protein analysis of a stalked barnacle adhesive, Lepas anatifera (order Lepadiformes). It was possible to separate the L. anatifera adhesive into at least 10 protein bands using SDS-PAGE. Intense bands were present at approximately 30, 70, 90 and 110 kilodaltons (kDa). Mass spectrometry for protein identification was followed by de novo sequencing which detected 52 peptides of 7-16 amino acids in length. None of the peptides matched published or unpublished transcriptome sequences, but some amino acid sequence similarity was apparent between L. anatifera and closely-related Dosima fascicularis. Antibodies against two acorn barnacle proteins (ab-cp-52k and ab-cp-68k) showed cross-reactivity in the adhesive glands of L. anatifera. We also analysed the similarity of adhesive proteins across several barnacle taxa, including Pollicipes pollicipes (a stalked barnacle in the order Scalpelliformes). Sequence alignment of published expressed sequence tags clearly indicated that P. pollicipes possesses homologues for the 19 kDa and 100 kDa proteins in acorn barnacles. Homology aside, sequence similarity in amino acid and gene sequences tended to decline as taxonomic distance increased, with minimum similarities of 18-26%, depending on the gene. The results indicate that some adhesive proteins (e.g. 100 kDa) are more conserved within barnacles than others (20 kDa).
Journal Article
Provocations about researching music education
The questions that give rise to this reflective article are: What does music education research make possible? How might we work more productively with teachers and young people? Lather and St Pierre (2013) remind us of the ethical charge of our work as inquirers...to question our attachments that keep us from thinking and living differently. Recently writing about reflexivity, I came across the work of Sriprakash and Mukhopadhyay (2015) who write about the second-order effects of the researcher's role as knowledge broker and translator. They suggest that 'a second-order engagement with reflexivity encourages us to trace the ways in which knowledge about educational development is assembled: how particular 'truths' about educational development are produced through empirical studies, how these 'truths' circulate, and how they gain an apparent stability and durability'. We have seen these 'truths' persist about music education with its instrumental justification for the benefits of music, driving up test scores in language and mathematics - benefits that have removed educational thinking about the unique role that music plays in the culture of all peoples, in contributing to the development of creativity and prosocial attitudes such as intercultural understandings, and in remembering that the educated person is not a thing but a human being with an altered outlook. [Author introduction, ed]
Journal Article
Provocations about researching music education
The questions that give rise to this reflective article are: What does music education research make possible? How might we work more productively with teachers and young people? Lather and St Pierre (2013) remind us of the ethical charge of our work as inquirers...to question our attachments that keep us from thinking and living differently (p. 631). Recently writing about reflexivity, I came across the work of Sriprakash and Mukhopadhyay (2015) who write about the second-order effects of the researcher's role as knowledge broker and translator. They suggest that \"a second-order engagement with reflexivity encourages us to trace the ways in which knowledge about educational development is assembled: how particular 'truths' about educational development are produced through empirical studies, how these 'truths' circulate, and how they gain an apparent stability and durability\" (p. 232) We have seen these 'truths' persist about music education with its instrumental justification for the benefits of music, driving up test scores in language and mathematics - benefits that have removed educational thinking about the unique role that music plays in the culture of all peoples, in contributing to the development of creativity and prosocial attitudes such as intercultural understandings, and in remembering that the educated person is not a thing but a human being with an altered outlook.
Journal Article
