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From September 2015 to January 2016, we studied the tree species diversity, biomass and biomass carbon stock of two different forests in Western Odisha: a wildlife sanctuary and a sacred forest. The wildlife sanctuary is entirely managed by the Forest Department, whereas the sacred forest is jointly managed by the local community and the Forest Department. Our results showed that the sacred forest had a greater species richness, density and diversity compared to the wildlife sanctuary. The density in different diameter classes showed that the sacred forest is regenerating with a good regeneration potential, but the wildlife sanctuary had a poor regeneration potential with lower numbers of saplings than adults. However, the biomass and carbon content of the wildlife sanctuary were higher than in the sacred forest. This may be due to the presence of a higher proportion of old trees in the wildlife sanctuary compared to the sacred forest. Biomass values can be used to emphasize the role of management in maintaining the carbon stock in forest ecosystems. Our results can be helpful in framing conservation strategies and action plans for forest patches in India and globally.

Diaphragmatic defects involving the right side of the diaphragm are less common but represent a distinct entity. The clinical presentation, management, and prognosis differ significantly from a left-sided defect. We report a case of a term neonate who was diagnosed to have a congenital diaphragmatic hernia during the third trimester of pregnancy, operated at 36 h of life and subsequently found to have an associated mediastinal cyst in 1st week of life.

Background Neonatal intestinal obstruction is a complex condition that poses challenge in management. Prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications. We present a case of a term neonate with intermittent bilious vomiting. Case presentation The baby underwent routinely performed investigations, including abdominal radiography and ultrasound, which provided inconclusive results. However, contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a web at duodenojejunal flexure. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis, and surgical intervention was performed. The baby’s postoperative course was prolonged with a gradual transition from parenteral nutrition to enteral feeds. Conclusion This case highlights a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, the unusual location of duodenal web, the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for intestinal obstruction, even in the absence of classical signs, and the value of utilizing contrast-enhanced computed tomography when initial investigations are inconclusive.

Clinical presentation of echinococcosis in paediatric population is varied and depends on the site of involvement. The present study was planned to analyse the clinical presentations and therapeutic options for management of echinococcosis in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Medical records of children with echinococcosis was reviewed retrospectively over a period of 3 year and 6 months. Demographic data, clinical presentation, management and outcome data were collected and analysed. During the study period, 14 children with hydatid disease were admitted to the hospital. The frequency was higher in male (71.4%) compared to females (28.6%). Liver was found to be the commonest site for hydatid cyst with 78% of all cases had hydatid cyst localised to liver. In half of all cases liver was the only site of involvement. Both liver and lung were involved in 21.4% cases and one patient (7.1%) had pelvic hydatid cyst in addition to liver involvement. Two patients (14.3%) had only pulmonary involvement and one (7.1%) patient had a hydatid cyst in common bile duct. Right upper abdominal pain was the most common presentation (78.5%) with cyst in liver. Cough, breathing difficulty, jaundice was observed in 28.5%, 21.4% and 7.1% of all patients respectively. All children were managed with a combination of surgical and medical therapy. Right upper abdominal pain and chronic cough were the common clinical presentation of hydatid cyst with hepatic and pulmonary involvement respectively. Presence of such chronic symptoms would raise the clinical suspicion of hydatid disease in endemic regions.

A detailed understanding of forest cover changes and fragmentation is essential for guiding effective conservation and reforestation efforts. This study analyzes land use changes, forest loss, and fragmentation in Jharsuguda, India, over three decades (1993–2023) using Landsat satellite imagery. The results revealed significant land use transitions, with forest cover declining dramatically from 854.79 sq. km in 1993 to 386.4 sq. km in 2023, while built-up areas expanded substantially from 82.26 sq. km to 343.74 sq. km. Core forest fragments shrank significantly, dropping from 271.47 sq. km to 80.21 sq. km, indicating severe habitat degradation. The highest deforestation rate, − 0.047% per year, was observed between 2013 and 2023. Canopy density analysis highlighted notable differences among forest types, reflecting the varying impacts of human activities. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable land use planning and offer critical insights for policymakers to address forest degradation and promote global forest conservation initiatives.

Background Tropical dry deciduous forests are crucial for biodiversity conservation and carbon storage but are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change. This Study evaluates tree diversity, population structure, and biomass carbon stock across five forest ranges of eastern India. Methodology A stratified random sampling approach was implemented using a 5 km × 5 km grid for vegetational attribute studies. Tree diversity was assessed within 0.1 ha (31.62 m × 31.62 m) plots, while biomass estimation focused on trees with ≥ 10 cm. girth at breast height. Population structure and biomass estimation were analyzed across six defined girth classes, employing standardized protocols to ensure accurate carbon stock estimation. Results A total of 80 tree species belonging to 68 genera and 33 families were recorded, with Fabaceae emerging as the dominant family. Significant variation in species richness (32–52 species), tree density (804–1332 trees/ha), and basal area (18.28–24.92 m²/ha) was observed across the five forest ranges. Kolabira forest range (3.45) and Bagdihi forest range (3.37) exhibited the highest diversity indices, highlighting their ecological significance and carbon sequestration potential. Mid-sized trees (32–101 cm) contributed the most to biomass accumulation, while the lower densities in other size classes suggest selective exploitation. Total biomass was highest in Belpahar forest range (129.63 Mg/ha) and lowest in Jharsuguda forest range (86.73 Mg/ha), with a corresponding biomass carbon stock of 58.47 MgC/ha and 40.76 MgC/ha, respectively, emphasizing spatial variations in carbon storage across these dry deciduous forests. Conclusion The findings highlight the ecological significance of tropical dry deciduous forests and underscore the urgent need for conservation strategies to safeguard biodiversity and enhance carbon storage. In parallel, the study offers a valuable scientific foundation for advancing forest management practices and shaping policies to address biodiversity loss and climate challenges in this vital region of India.

Other sites such as mediastinum, retroperitoneum, trunk, head and neck, and organs (lung, heart, and parotid gland) can be affected. [5] In cytogenetic analysis of lipoblastoma, there is a breakpoint in the 8q11-13 region or polysomy of chromosome 8, which leads to the activation of the oncogenic pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) on 8q12. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha Debahuti Mahapatra:

From September 2015 to February 2016, we collected field data to study the tree species diversity, population structure and regeneration potential of five sacred forests of western Odisha, India, that differ in size, associated deities, and local communities. The close association of sacred forests with local people represents a community-based, participatory approach to conservation. Our quantitative analysis in five sites documented 78 tree species of 66 genera and 33 families. Tree density and species diversity were higher than previously reported for the forests of the Eastern Ghats, India. Population structure and regeneration potential in four out of five study sites showed a higher percentage of density in the seedling and sapling layers, demon-strating that these sites are regenerating. However, in the Gugarpat sacred forest, the population structure revealed large numbers of mature trees with a stable population structure. In our study, large proportions of species had either poor regeneration potential or were not regenerating. Hence, management strategies are needed to conserve these species. Our study documents the diversity, population patterns, and regeneration of the tree species of five sacred forests, which may help in further management and conservation of the biodiversity of sacred forests in India and globally.

Biocultural and indigenous approaches to conservation, such as the sacred forests of India, are increasingly being recognized and valued. At these sites, the ecological aspects as well as the local community management and cultural significance of the landscape contribute to conservation success. From 2012 to 2015, we investigated five sacred forests in western Odisha (India) that varied in size from 1 to 1000 ha. Through interviews with 81 residents, we explored the types of groves, their use and management approaches. We investigated levels of grove disturbance and plant use with botanical survey methods. Some groves experience pressures from annual pilgrimage visitors, and we documented the relative impacts of pilgrims and other activities using ethnographic methods. Community participation or management by the Forest Department alone has not been completely effective in conserving these sacred natural sites; however, collaborative work can contribute to successful conservation. Continued community involvement is key to future biodiversity conservation in the sacred groves.