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Background More than half of the TB patients in India seek care from the private sector. Two decades of attempts by the National TB Program to improve collaboration between the public and private sectors have not worked except in a few innovative pilots. The System for TB Elimination in Private Sector (STEPS) evolved in 2019 as a solution to ensure standards of TB care to every patient reaching the private sector. We formally evaluated the STEPS to judge the success of the model in achieving its outcomes and to inform decisions about scaling up of the model to other parts of the country. Methods An evaluation team was constituted involving all relevant stakeholders. A logic framework for the STEPS model was developed . The evaluation focused on (i) processes - whether the activities are taking place as intended and (ii) proximal outcomes - improvements in quality of care and strengthening of TB surveillance system. We (i) visited 30 randomly selected STEPS centres for assessing infrastructure and process using a checklist, (ii) validated the patient data with management information system of National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) by telephonic interview of 57 TB patients (iii) analysed the quality of patient care indicators over 3 years from the management information system (iv) conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) with 33 beneficiaries and stakeholders to understand their satisfaction and perceived benefits of STEPS and (v) performed cost analysis for the intervention from the perspective of NTEP, private hospital and patients. Results Evaluation revealed that STEPS is an acceptable model to all stakeholders. IDIs revealed that all patients were satisfied about the services received. Data in management information system of NTEP were consistent with the hospital records and with the information provided by the patient. Quality of TB care indicators for patients diagnosed in private hospitals showed improvements over years as proportion of TB patients notified from private sector with a microbiological confirmation of diagnosis improved from 25% in 2018 to 38% in 2020 and the documented treatment success rate increased from 33% (2018 cohort) to 88% (2019 cohort). Total additional programmatic cost (deducting cost for patient entitlements) per additional patient with successful treatment outcome was estimated to be 67 USD. Total additional expense/business loss for implementing STEPS for the hospital diagnosing 100 TB patients in a year was estimated to be 573 USD while additional minimum returns for the hospital was estimated to be 1145 USD. Conclusion Evaluation confirmed that STEPS is a low cost and patient-centric strategy. STEPS successfully addressed the gaps in the quality of care for patients seeking care in the private sector and ensured that services are aligned with the standards of TB care. STEPS could be scaled up to similar settings.

Innovation is advancing at a speedier pace and necessity for web organizations at whatever point wherever is required. To impact this vision ever to better organizations open to a customer, effective mobility managing procedures must be composed. Two key intends to execute mobility administrations are Handover and area administration. Therefore, we need to have an efficient mobility management system among heterogeneous wireless networks where several wireless networks can interoperate to provide users with good QoS. In this paper, distinctive issues related to mobility administration in the coming period of frameworks are highlighted and besides throws a light on the uncertain zones to ensure proficient mobility management.

Drones, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be used to create extraordinary responses to today’s difficulties in smart city challenges. A drone, which would be effectively a data-gathering device, could approach regions that become complicated, dangerous, or even impossible to achieve for individuals. In addition to interacting with one another, drones must maintain touch with some other ground-based entities, including IoT sensors, robotics, and people. Throughout this study, an intelligent approach for predicting the signal power from a drone to IoT applications in smart cities is presented in terms of maintaining internet connectivity, offering the necessary quality of service (QoS), and determining the drone’s transmission range offered. Predicting signal power and fading channel circumstances enables the adaptable transmission of data, which improves QoS for endpoint users/devices while lowering transmitting data power usage. Depending on many relevant criteria, an artificial neural network (ANN)-centered precise and effective method is provided to forecast the signal strength from such drones. The signal strength estimations are also utilized to forecast the drone’s flight patterns. The results demonstrate that the proposed ANN approach has an excellent correlation with the verification data collected through computations, with the determination of coefficient R2 values of 0.97 and 0.98, correspondingly, for changes in drone height and distances from a drone. Furthermore, the finding shows that signal distortions could be considerably decreased and strengthened.

In the study numerous buildings exhibit irregularities of their architectural plans, a feature that could render them susceptible to excessive seismic activities in the future. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the seismic vulnerability and response of regular and irregular shaped multi-storey building of identical weight in context. Both static and dynamic (response spectrum) analysis has been done to observe the influence of shape of a building on its responses to various loading. G+12 storied regular (rectangular) and irregular shaped buildings have been modeled using program staad pro for seismic zone III. Impact of wind and static load on exclusive formed shape along with dynamic response spectrum has been meticulously analyzed considering the mass of each shaped is identical. A comparative analysis of the center of mass and maximum displacement overstorey of variously shaped buildings under static loading and dynamic response spectrum has been conducted. All form buildings react nearly in sync if the total mass fluctuates only little. But as the end result indicates, a structure's irregular dimensions are what expose it to its vulnerable direction. It is possible to build an irregularly shaped structure that might act more like a rectangular building while keeping the total mass the same.

Increasing popularity of social networks like LinkedIn, MySpace and other networks in present days. Communication is also increased in between users present in social networks. Large amount of data being move on social media because of increase data outsourcing. Sentiment analysis is impressive and interest concept for online social networks, while different types of existing methods to find sentiment in online social networks to define communication between different users to categorize patterns with respect to similar attributes to analyze large data. We present and suggest the Hybrid Machine Learning method in this paper.(which is combination of Balanced Window and Classification based on Parts of Speech) to handle outsourced data of social networks from Face Book and other blogging services are trained and then classify the relation based on emotional aspect like positive or negative and other relations in social streams. The performance of our proposed approach is to extensively close to machine learning and identify important relevant features randomly and perform sentiment analysis in different data streams. Our experimental results show exhaustive level of classification results with comparison of existing approaches in real time environment.

In Indian agriculture, farmers usually use the traditional method of transporting manure to the farm by a bullock cart or tractor. Thereafter, agriculture labour's manually spread the manure through their shovels. This traditional method could take more time, expensive, and moreover it's unhealthy. These problems can be overcome by automatic fertilizer spraying system using electric motor blades and allowing it to spread uniformly. It's a portable unit and easily Plug and Play. Here, if the manure must be at least partially dry or completely dry, then it will be easy to spread over there and this manure will be made into smaller particles by the suppressor blades, which will facilitate the spreading mechanism. A special adjustments mechanism has given to spreading blades which can adjustable as per the material. Where the materials are would be either cattle manure or chemical fertilizers or douche. By using this, agricultural manure spreading time, mixing time and making as small particles time and human efforts are reduced greatly and resulting in cost reduction. The goal of this project is to reduce the time and effort required to spread manure on the farm. Most farmers in India, in particular, have adopted the old traditional methods of farming. Here we have found a solution to simplify their work. This makes the farmer feel more comfortable, relaxed and less tired by reducing human efforts due to the constantly spreading activity.

The evolution of wireless communication technology and the growing number of mobile users with various applications together have formed a heterogeneous environment of wireless communication networks with real-time availability and high bandwidth preferences. Everyone in the world wants consistent mobility to connect seamlessly to the best available network anytime and anywhere. Therefore, an efficient and Quality of Service (QoS) aware Vertical Handover (VHO) techniques are needed when the mobile connections have to switch from one network to another network to provide effective mobility performance, seamless connectivity, and high availability of connections. Applying efficient VHO process in a heterogeneous wireless network is still a big topic of interest in research field. It has been observed that existing handover techniques are not much capable of providing user preference and QoS aware mobile communication and network selection process. This problem incorporates various unwanted factors such as communication delay, inconsistent mobility, security towards the communication process. This paper discusses various existing research works that have been carried out to improve the VHO process to boost overall communication performance and to raise QoS of wireless mobile communications in the heterogeneousnetworks.

Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer composites are being considered as one of the most promising nanocomposites which can improve the performance when used in structural applications. The deflection and buckling behavior are the most important parameters needs to be considered in the design of structural members like beams, plates and shells. In the present paper the elastic constants of CNT reinforced polymer composites has been evaluated by using Mori-Tanaka micromechanics approach. Knowing the elastic properties of CNT reinforced polymer composites, an analytical study is being conducted to investigate the deflection and buckling behaviour of nanocomposites beams for different CNT volume fractions at different boundary conditions using first order shear deformation theory. The effect of stacking sequence and CNT radius on the deflection and buckling of beam is also been presented. This study is being conducted primarily with an intension to examine the stiffening effect of CNTs when used in polymer composites as reinforcement.

Even with the tremendous advancements in medical technology, the most laborious and complex work that doctors still have to do is segment tumors. Radiologists most commonly employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine interior human body parts without dissecting them, although manual inspection is time-consuming and wastes valuable work hours. Since it might lead to early diagnosis, effective automated sorting of brain cancers from MRI images is crucial, reduce errors in work hours, propagate automation in tumor removal, and aid in treatment decision-making. Computer-aided image analysis can also be a potential solution for early disease detection, such as cancer or tumors. This paper seeks to emphasize the strategies in light of these challenges. For physicians, identifying tumors in the brain is still a highly challenging and lengthy procedure. despite the tremendous advancements in medical technology. Early and comprehensive brain tumor detection may result in higher survival rates since it enables effective and efficient treatment. Enhanced efficiency and consistent precision could come from the computerized recognition and categorization of brain tumors. However, it is well recognized that the strategy and picture modality have an impact on the accuracy performance of automatic detection and classification techniques. The latest detection methods are reviewed in this work along with their benefits and drawbacks.

Background & Objectives: This study was performed to assess the use and efficacy of ridge augmentation by sandwich osteotomy by using sybograft in vertically deficient alveolar ridge for implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation.Methods: This prospective clinical study included a total of 10 patients (Average age - 34 years) in which a total of 6 implants were placed in 5 patients. The patients were selected with inadequate alveolar bone height with an interocclusal gap of about 10mm and ridge width of 3-4mm at the edentulous areas. Ridge augmentation was done by sandwich osteotomy technique by interpositional graft placement, sybograft is the material of choice. Postoperative follow up was done for 3-6 months till the adequate ridge augmentation is achieved. Implant placement was done after the follow up period and all the implants were clinically and radiographically followed up further for 6 months.Results: Adequate gain in ridge height was achieved through this technique for implant placement. It took on an average of 3-6 months to achieve required augmentation. Increase in the ridge width horizontally has also been achieved along with the vertical height. Implant placement was done postoperatively after 6 monthsInterpretation & Conclusion: Ridge augmentation by sandwich osteotomy can be used efficaciously in vertically deficient alveolar ridge for implant placement. Good wound healing achieved after the procedure which allows for the normal endosteal implant placement. This technique is cost effective, minimally invasive and can be done under local anesthesia.