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Traditional alcoholic-beverages have been used by the tribes since ages. Bonda is one of the 62 Schedule Tribes and 13 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of Odisha, who reside in the southern part of the state. Historically, a number of traditional alcohols have been produced by the Bonda which is consumed widely and used in the socio-economic and cultural events. Current times evidence the production and use of traditional alcohols gradually giving way to modern alcoholic drinks. In this context this paper tries to document different types of traditional alcohols produced, consumed and used by the Bonda along with its various impacts on the individual drinker and the society. The data were collected through community-based research in four villages under Khairaput block of Malkangiri, Odisha. The study found that 23 types of traditional alcohols are produced by the Bonda households, who derive economic security there from. However, the production, consumption and use of traditional alcohols are on the decline with the gradual increase of foreign liquor and this paper suggests institutional support for the clean production and marketing of traditional alcohols of the Bonda tribe.

This article concerns new developments in autologous adult stem cell research in Japan and India through the notions of biohierarchy and bionetworking. It conceptualizes how human subject research in one country may be turned into experimental stem cell therapies in another through bionetworks. We analyse the processes that enable researchers in Japan to discard a therapy as being of reputational risk, while researchers in India employ it so that it becomes reputation enhancing. At the same time, scientists from both countries collaborate in and potentially benefit from the same bionetwork. Explaining how the recruitment of patients and scientists is organized through bionetworking, this article analyses how experimental research in India thrives using Japanese technologies. The concept of biohierarchy illustrates how inequalities in health and standards of living in India and in Japan underpin the methods by which researchers, medical professionals, managers and patients collaborate in bionetworks. The concept of 'boundary object' here captures the ways in which the meaning of experimental therapy is defined by subjective categories projected onto it by patients and scientists alike. The article is based on fieldwork conducted by both authors during 3 months between September and December 2008 at various locations in India and Japan. Data for this article were collected from a wide range of interviews with stem cell researchers, medical doctors, coordinators, managers and patients, primary and secondary sources gathered at these centres, and through web and archival research.

Background Adolescence is an essential stage for the development of mental health, and suicide is among the leading cause of mortality for adolescents around the world. In India, the suicide rate among adolescents has been increasing in recent years. The scoping review was conducted to map the evidence and address gaps by examining the existing pattern, and trends, and identify the major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents. Methods The study was conducted as per the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ manual. The systematic search was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, by using specific keywords. After the screening, 35 articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria. Results The evidence on the trends of suicide among adolescents showed that the suicide rate has shown an alarming increase in recent years. The evidence pattern showed that hanging and poisoning were the commonly selected methods used by adolescents. The most commonly reported risk factors were mental health problems (54.28%), negative or traumatic familiar issues (34.28%), academic stress (22.85%), social/lifestyle factors (20%), violence (22.85%), economic distresses (8.75%), relationship factor (8.75%). Conclusion By synthesizing and summarising the patterns, trends, and key risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents, this scoping review provides a broad understanding of the literature already in existence. In order to effectively tackle these issues, the finding highlights the urgent need for extensive and targeted suicide prevention measures.

Background Undernutrition is a major public health challenge among Indian adolescents in India where 253 million of them are in the age group of 10–19 years. In spite of several intensive efforts through various program interventions and care, research studies find a less encouraging improvement in nutritional scenarios. The present systematic review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition (stunting and underweight) among Indian adolescents. Methods We searched e-databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library for the period between the years 2000 and 2021. The peer-reviewed and empirical studies analyzing the prevalence of undernutrition among Indian adolescents and its associated factors were eligible for inclusion. The quality of the study reports included in the review was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The random-effect model with the Dersimonian and Laird method, at 95% confidence intervals, was used for estimating the overall effect. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate the possible sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed through visual examination of funnel plots and objectively by Egger’s regression test. Results A total of forty eligible studies with a pooled sample size of 67,865 adolescents were included to determine the prevalence of undernutrition among adolescents in India. The pooled prevalence of stunting and underweight in India was 41.1% (95% CI: 35.9, 46.0) and 32.6% (95% CI: 26.8, 37.1) respectively. It was also found that the rate of stunting prevalence was high among late adolescents and underweight was high among early adolescents. Age, gender, income, family size, caste, parental education, and occupation were the significant associated factors of the prevalence of stunting and underweight among adolescents in India. Conclusion The prevalence of stunting and underweight among adolescents is still a high concern in India. The results of this review posit the need of an integrated effort to reduce undernutrition in India and identify research priorities in this field.

Overweight and obesity among the adolescent population are emerging as worldwide epidemics. Its increasing occurrence in India is highly concerning. Amidst the burden of malnutrition, where undernutrition is a long-standing health problem, the rising concerns around childhood overweight/obesity has several repercussions for this population. The aim of this scoping review is to map the evidence of the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among adolescents (10 to 19 years) in the Indian population. The study will be conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs institute Reviewers' manual. The Population, Concept and Context strategy (PCC) will ensure the review questions, eligibility criteria, and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for the findings of the study of Scoping Review. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version- 2018 will be used to assess the methodological quality of all relevant studies. Literature search will be done using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane library by specific keywords such as \"prevalence\"; \"overweight\"; \"obesity\"; \"obese\"; \"malnutrition\"; \"BMI\"; \"adolescent\"; \"teenager\"; and \"youth\" etc. Additional studies will be considered using cross-references.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major health concern among Indian adolescents (10-19 years). Indian adolescents lack adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS and adopt wrong practices. The present scoping review aims to understand the status of knowledge, beliefs and practices among Indian adolescents about HIV or HIV/AIDS. The present study will also focus on their understanding and the source of knowledge and awareness regarding HIV/AIDS. The recommendations of Arksey and O'Malley in 2005, Levac et al. in 2010 and The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' manual in 2015 to conduct a systematic scoping review will be employed. The review questions, eligibility criteria and search strategy for this study will be ensured by the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) strategy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for reporting of this scoping review. The methodological quality of all the relevant studies will be assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version- 2018. Literature search will be carried out by using electronic databases such as PubMed, APA PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Cross-references will be used to extract additional studies. As the planned study is based on secondary data and doesn't involve human and animal subjects, there is no requirement for formal ethical approval. The planned scoping review is the first of such study on the topic of HIV/AIDS among adolescent population in India as per the electronically available literature.There will be quality assessment of all the included studies.A thorough search strategy will be conducted as per the recommendations of the experts in scoping review search.On limitation side, the planned study will only utilize electronically available resources/evidences that are written in English language.The planned evidence based study will be of much help for the healthcare professionals and policy makers.

Undernutrition is one of the serious health problems among adolescents in India where 253 million adolescents are in the age group of 10-19 years. Since adolescents represent the next generation of adults, it is important to understand the nutritional status of adolescents. Even though several studies have been carried out in different states in India on adolescent undernutrition (stunting, wasting /underweight), there is no study or review that estimated the national pooled prevalence of adolescent undernutrition and its determinants. Therefore, this review aims to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition (stunting, underweight/wasting) among Indian adolescents. A systematic review of eligible articles will be conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive searching of the literature will be made in Pub Med, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The quality of the articles included in the review will be evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies in meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence and odds ratio of the associated risk factors or determinants with their 95% confidence interval will be computed using STATA version 16 software. The existence of heterogeneity among studies will be assessed by computing p-values of Higgins's I2 test statistics and Cochran's Q-statistics based on chi-square with a 5% level of significance among reported prevalence. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis will be conducted based on study quality to investigate the possible sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed through visual examination of funnel plots and objectively by Egger's regression test. This review protocol has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021286814). By collecting and summarizing information on adolescent undernutrition can be a step towards a better understanding of the prevalence of nutritional status of Indian adolescents and how the associated factors influence the prevalence of undernutrition. This review will provide directions for further research and healthcare practitioners. This summarized finding at the national level will provide impetus to build nutritional strategies and proper healthcare services to fight against undernutrition among the most ignored population.

Suicide is one of the serious health problems among Indian adolescents. Adolescence helps with the transition of an individual into an adult, so it is important to understand the suicidal behavior of adolescents. Several studies have been carried out in different states in India on the suicidal behavior of adolescents, but there is no review that studied the national patterns, trends, and major risk factors. Therefore, this review aims to study the patterns, trends, and major risk factors of suicidal behavior among Indian adolescents. The study will be conducted as per the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs institute Reviewers' manual. The Population, Concept and Context strategy (PCC) will ensure the review questions, eligibility criteria and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for the findings of the study of Scoping Review. The literature search will be done using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Google, and Cochrane library by specific keywords such as \"patterns\"; \"suicide\"; \"trends\"; \"risk factors\"; \"depression\"; \"anxiety\"; \"mental health\"; \"adolescent\"; \"teenager\"; and \"youth\";\" India\" etc. Additional studies will be considered using cross-references. This study does not involve the collection of primary data; there is no requirement of any ethical approval. The proposed scoping review is the first study on patterns, trends, and major risk factors of adolescent suicide in India as per the information available on the online platforms.This proposed scoping review will bring together all the previously available data into one place for better study.This evidence-based study will be highly helpful for healthcare professionals and policymakers. This study will be limited to English language and electronically available evidence.

IntroductionOverweight and obesity among the adolescent population are emerging as worldwide epidemics. Its increasing occurrence in India is highly concerning. Amidst the burden of malnutrition, where undernutrition is a long-standing health problem, the rising concerns around childhood overweight/obesity has several repercussions for this population. The aim of this scoping review is to map the evidence of the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among adolescents (10 to 19 years) in the Indian population.MethodsThe study will be conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs institute Reviewers' manual. The Population, Concept and Context strategy (PCC) will ensure the review questions, eligibility criteria, and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for the findings of the study of Scoping Review. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version- 2018 will be used to assess the methodological quality of all relevant studies. Literature search will be done using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane library by specific keywords such as \"prevalence\"; \"overweight\"; \"obesity\"; \"obese\"; \"malnutrition\"; \"BMI\"; \"adolescent\"; \"teenager\"; and \"youth\" etc. Additional studies will be considered using cross-references.

Background Adolescent obesity and overweight is a global epidemic, resulting in severe health problems such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. With the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among Indian adolescents, it is crucial to examine the existing status of research/evidence and the gaps in research. Therefore, the present scoping review was conducted to map the evidence on the prevalence of adolescent obesity/overweight in India and associated major risk factors. Methods The study followed Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) scoping review framework and Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual (2015) recommendations. We undertook the literature search in electronically available databases using specific mesh terms. Results We identified 93 studies that met the standard inclusion criteria. The prevalence of overweight ranged from 1.25 to 35.8% (male: 2.6–28.1%; female: 2.7–44.5%), while obesity ranged from 0.3 to 24.6% (male: 1–19.7%; female: 0.3–32.8%). Research activity peaked between 2011 and 2020, with the highest number of publications in 2015 ( n  = 13). Most studies were conducted in southern states (31%), followed by eastern (16%), western (15%), and northern (12.9%) regions. A significant proportion were urban-based (70.9%) and institution-based (77.4%). Among major key risk factors, insufficient physical activity was examined in 36.5% of studies, high-calorie dietary habits in 44% of the studies, higher socioeconomic status was reported in 36.5% of studies. Additionally, 26.8% of studies explored the impact of factors like urban living, private school attendance and increased screen time as associated factors of weight gain among adolescents. Other identified factors included 12.9% reporting using vehicles for school transportation, 8.6% noting shorter sleep duration, and 17.2% recognizing a family-history of overweight and obesity as contributing factors. Conclusion The review provides a comprehensive overview of adolescent obesity and overweight in the Indian context while highlighting critical research gaps for future exploration. Most studies are cross-sectional and quantitative, underscoring the need for longitudinal and qualitative research. There is a lack of studies on gender-specific risk factors, community-based perspectives, and vulnerable populations such as slum-dwelling adolescents and school dropouts. Addressing these gaps will be essential for generating robust evidence to inform and implement effective, evidence-based policies and interventions.