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The mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were identified by adding carbon-based nano-reinforcements, such as multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene platelets (GP), into the epoxy matrix by conducting suitable experiments. The main focus of this study is to compare the tensile modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with nanoparticle reinforcement. The results revealed that adding CNTs and GP nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties compared to a pure carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composite. However, compared to CNTs, the GP’s addition has increased the mechanical properties of the CFRP composite. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were presented to explore the microstructural characterization of carbon fiber-reinforced nanoparticle-reinforced composites. Further, using numerical studies, the transverse modulus, major and minor Poisson’s ratio of the carbon fibre reinforced with CNT and GP particle reinforcement were estimated. The current study is applied to the efficient design of nanoparticle reinforced carbon fibre reinforced composites.

This study focuses on investigating the mechanical properties of a composite comprising jute fibers reinforced with a combination of cellulose and non-cellulose fillers. These fibers are infused with aloe vera gel and reinforced in an epoxy matrix. The process involves applying aloe vera gel to the jute fibers, followed by a 48-h cooling period. These treated jute fibers are then used to reinforce the epoxy matrix. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the tensile and flexural strengths of the composite. The epoxy matrix is reinforced with jute fiber composites that have been coated in aloe vera gel and include both cellulose- and non-cellulose-based particles. The cellulose-based fillers selected for this study are groundnut shell powder and teakwood powder, while graphene is chosen as the non-cellulose-based filler. The incorporation of graphene, teakwood powder, and crushed groundnut shell powder into the aloe vera gel-coated jute fibers improved tensile strength by 11.11%, 8.46%, and 53.43%, respectively, compared to a jute composite without particle reinforcement. Additionally, the study explores the behavior of a composite material containing two pre-existing cracks positioned differently, utilizing finite element methods. In all materials examined, transverse fractures consistently resulted in higher von Mises stresses and shear stresses compared to longitudinal cracks.

The analysis of composite plates subjected to bending loads is an important concern when designing composite materials for the desired application. The current study estimates the central deflection, von Mises stresses, and shear stresses of a composite plate under bending force. The bending response of a composite plate can be predicted by varying the stacking sequence under simply supported boundary conditions. For the current work's outcome, the ANSYS workbench, finite element-based software, is utilized to do ACP-pre and static structural analysis. Navis solutions are utilized to validate the analysis' finite element models. The stacking sequence of the composite material has a considerable impact on the center deflection, equivalent loads, and shear stresses. [0/90/90/0] 0 orientation of stacking layers had a high central deflection when compared with the other orientation of stacking layers. Understanding the variation of the aforementioned result with relation to the number of layers and stacking sequence allows for the successful design of composite plates under bending loads.

The effect of fiber hybridization on the impact behavior of natural fiber reinforced composites has been investigated by testing the specimens under low velocity impact loading. Banana, jute, sisal fiber, and epoxy resin matrix are used to create the specimens. The impact test was carried out with the help of an Izod digital impact testing machine. The natural fiber and particle mixed epoxy composite specimens were also prepared for measuring the impact energy by employing cellulose-based particles such as ground nut shell powder and teak wood powder. The results of the tests demonstrate that the hybridization of jute, sisal and jute, sisal and banana fibers produces good impact energy and a high percentage of potential energy absorption capacity. Compared to the J-E, S-E composites, the jute/sisal fiber hybridization showed a 189.78% and 265.75% improvement in the impact energy, respectively. The hybridization of jute banana and sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composite showed an improvement in impact strength of 161.50%, 230.06%, and 104.91% over the J-E, B-E, and S-E composites, respectively. Infusion of ground nut shell powder had a favorable effect on sisal, banana, and jute fiber reinforced composites. The addition of teak wood powder reinforcement to sisal/banana and banana and jute increased the material's impact resistance. The finite element method is used to estimate the deformation, von-mises, normal, and shear stresses of the natural composites.

The flexural and impact response of completely biodegradable natural composites, specifically bamboo and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced composites, is investigated using a combination of experimental and simulation techniques. The flexural strength and bending modulus are determined through 3-point bending tests while varying the weight fraction of the selected natural fibers from 5 to 15%. The impact of alkaline treatment at different percentages of 2 to 10% on the same properties such as flexural strength and bending modulus is also investigated. Subsequently, simulation techniques are employed to determine the behavior of the natural composite materials under bending loads. Finite element models are utilized to analyze the normal, and shear stresses in the composite structures. The research findings unveiled that incorporating a 10% weight fraction of bamboo fiber along with an 8% NaOH treatment led to the most significant enhancement in flexural strength, showcasing a notable advancement of 111.02%. Within the PALF fiber reinforced composite, employing 2% NaOH treated PALF fiber at a 15% weight fraction yielded an impressive improvement of 125.6%.

The study focuses on exploring the mechanical and thermal properties of natural bagasse fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites. Young’s modulus of these composites was determined through tests involving varied orientations of bagasse fibers. Experimental findings were then correlated with analytical models. Thermal conductivity was predicted using simulation studies aided by Micromechanics and Finite Element methods. Finite Element outcomes were cross-referenced with analytical data to validate the FE models. At 10% weight fraction of bagasse fiber, the maximum elasticity modulus of the composite increases significantly by approximately 88% when aligned at 0° orientations, compared to the 90° orientation. Similarly, there's a noteworthy 67% improvement compared to the 45° orientation, maintaining the same bagasse fiber weight fraction. Longitudinal thermal conductivity increased with higher bagasse fiber weight fractions, while transverse thermal conductivity remained relatively constant despite changes in fiber volume. About 98% of the decrement in transverse thermal conductivity is observed compared to longitudinal conductivity at all the percentages of the fiber considered for the study. These findings underscore the significant impact of bagasse fiber orientation on both effective elasticity and thermal conductivity within these fiber-based structures.

The noise induced by centrifugal pump is one of the main concerns in the design and optimization of onboard equipment for ships and submarines. In this work, an attempt has been made to estimate the natural frequency of centrifugal pump with an ordinary conventional steel material foundation. Later, the conventional foundation is replaced with composite material with carbon reinforcement. The vibration studies are accomplished by using FE software ANSYS 18.1. The natural frequencies of centrifugal pump with steel foundation are compared with natural frequencies of centrifugal pump with composite raft foundation. It is observed that the natural frequencies are enhanced by providing composite material foundation.

The fibre reinforced composites are widely used materials in transportation sector. The parameters like the fibre orientation angle, laminate thickness, fibre volume fraction influence the properties of the composite structure. To reduce the experimentation cost, mathematical modelling is used to obtain optimal parameters. In the present study, the effect of the fibre orientation angle on the stresses in a composite plate with a circular cutout and a virtual crack under the thermo-mechanical loads. To impart thermo-mechanical load, a constant pressure of 5 MPa and four different temperatures (30–180 °C) are used simultaneously. The crack propagation in the laminate is quantified by the stresses at the particular location. The normal stress ( σ zz ) and shear stresses ( τ xz , τ yz ) were calculated and reported as a function of the location on the circular cut-out. The location with the higher stresses has higher probability of crack formation. It is observed that the increase in the temperature increases the stress in the composite laminate. The change in angle-ply orientation has significant effect on the optimum fibre orientation angle.