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Purpose Pediatric dentistry requires more than routine dental knowledge and skills in executing quality dental care. The quality of dental treatment is indirectly proportional to a child’s anxiety and fear. The recent distraction technique, the use of virtual reality (VR) devices has intrigued many researcher’s minds. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of the VR device in reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric patients during mandibular primary molar extraction. Methods This research trial had 30 healthy children between the ages of 6 and 12 who required mandibular primary molar extraction. The subjects were divided into two groups using a simple randomization method. In the study group ( n  = 15), extraction was carried out using a VR device, whereas, in the control group ( n  = 15), extraction was carried out without the use of a VR device. Pre- and post-extraction anxiety levels were measured by Venham’s picture test (VPT) and the heart rate. After the procedure, pain and behavior were evaluated by the Wong-Bakers Faces pain rating scale (WBS) and FLACC Scale respectively. Results The pre-extraction values of the VPT and heart rate showed no statistically significant difference. This indicates that participants of both groups had a similar level of anxiety at baseline. There was a statistically significant increase ( p  = 0.028) between pre- and post-heart rates in the control group, with no significant change in the study group. Conclusion The use of a virtual reality device in children can reduce anxiety during primary molar extractions as evaluated by heart rate. Virtual reality devices might be an adjunct to high-quality dental care and to other behavior management methods. Definitive outcomes can be attained by encouraging studies overcoming the present limitations, and considering salivary biochemical indicators for the assessment of these devices.

Background and Aim Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. In the present study, the putative probiotic strain was identified from the gut of Drosophila melanogaster and assessed for its protective effect in inflammatory bowel disease. Methods Active probiotics were screened from the Drosophila melanogaster gut by the selection criteria of gastric juice tolerance, hydrophobic property, antimicrobial potential, adhesion, and invasion properties. The active probiotics were identified by 16s rDNA sequencing and the effect of these active probiotics was evaluated in a Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mice model by estimating inflammatory markers and histopathological changes. Results Nine Gram-positive and bile salt tolerant bacterial isolates were obtained from the gut samples. The isolates PTH 2, PTH 4, and PTH 7 clearly showed significant activity in antimicrobial potential, hydrophobic (>74 %) property, and intestinal juice tolerance. Among these, PTH 7 was selected for further studies due to its significant low-invasion ability and it proved capable of reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The 16s rDNA studies revealed that PTH 7 was Myroides pelagicus. Administration of M. pelagicus to the DSS-induced colitic animals significantly suppressed myeloperoxidase, ALP, and malondialdehyde levels, and also lowered levels of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Further, the recovery from the disease by the probiotic treatment was supported by histopathological and macroscopic observation. The treated animals did not show any adverse signs in their physiology or behavior. Conclusion Myroides pelagicus successfully prohibited inflammatory markers and acted as a potent probiotic. Future studies with this stain might prove its efficacy as a drug for the management of colitis.

Background: The goal of any good dental treatment is to provide a quality dental care to the patient. This may not be possible if the patient is unwilling to cooperate or unable to do so due to their age or related factors. In such children, behavior management techniques are very helpful. With changing times, there have been changes in the law and the outlook of parents and society toward dental treatment. This influences the various behavior management methods used by pediatric dentists. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the attitudes of parents of children of different pediatric age groups towards: Behavior management techniques used by pediatric dentistsThe effect of maternal anxiety on the child's behavior in clinicPharmacological behavior management techniquesThe effect of parental presence in the operatory on the child's behavior. Materials and Methods: Three hundred parents were evaluated and divided into three groups comprising 100 each on the basis of their children's age, Group A: 2-5 years, Group B: 6-9 years, and Group C: 10-13 years, which were further divided into two subgroups, on the basis of the child's gender, with each subgroup having parents of 50 male and 50 female children each. For example, Group A1: 50 parents of 2-5-year-old boys, Group A2: 50 parents of 2-5-year-old girls. Results: ANOVA test showed different hierarchies of acceptance for the techniques in all the groups. In all the three groups, tell show do, positive reinforcement, and live modeling were the most accepted techniques. However, statistically significant difference between the groups was not observed for the three techniques. The least accepted techniques for all the groups were hand over mouth technique and voice control technique. Conclusion: Parents were more receptive of those techniques which were visually more acceptable involving a communicative management, such as tell show do, positive reinforcement, and live modeling.

Streptomyces strain isolated from the soil sediment was studied for its in vitro α-glucosidase and antioxidant properties. Morphological characterization and 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing were carried out to confirm that the strain Loyola AR1 belongs to genus Streptomyces sp. Modified nutrient glucose broth was used as the basal medium for growth and metabolites production. Ethyl acetate extract of Loyola AR1 (EA-Loyola AR1) showed 50 % α-glucosidase inhibition at the concentration of 860.50 ± 2.68 μg/ml. Antioxidant properties such as total phenolic content of EA-Loyola AR1 was 176.83 ± 1.17 mg of catechol equivalents/g extracts. EA-Loyola AR1 showed significant scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (50 % inhibition (IC₅₀), 750.50 ± 1.61 μg/ml), hydroxyl (IC₅₀, 690.20 ± 2.38 μg/ml), nitric oxide (IC₅₀, 850.50 ± 1.77 μg/ml), and superoxide (IC₅₀, 880.08 ± 1.80 μg/ml) radicals, as well as reducing power. EA-Loyola AR1 showed strong suppressive effect on lipid peroxidation (IC₅₀, 670.50 ± 2.52 μg/ml). Antioxidants of β-carotene linoleate model system reveals significantly lower than butylated hydroxyanisole.

Background: Fear and pain are the factors producing stress and there is evidence that dental fear acquired in childhood may persist to influence adult behavior. Dental treatment is often considered as anxiety producing and stressful. Aim: To assess the levels of stress displayed by the healthy children undergoing routine dental procedures like oral examination, restoration, and extraction by analyzing salivary levels of cortisol before, during, and after the procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy children aged between 4 and 8 years having their first dental visit and requiring at least one restoration and one extraction were selected. In each patient, three procedures were carried out: (i) Routine dental examination, (ii) restoration, and (iii) extraction. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected 10 min before, during the procedure, and 30 min after each procedure at three different visits for comparison of cortisol production in response to anxiety and stress over time. Total 180 samples were collected to determine salivary cortisol levels using UBI-MAGIWEL TM kit and the readings were noted. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software with paired t-test, two independent sample t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the findings. Results: A correlation between salivary cortisol and stress in dental procedure was noticed. Cavity preparation is more stressful procedure in children, so alternative methods can be used in anxious children. Stress associated with extraction persists to a postoperative period. No correlation exists in between Corah's anxiety scale and salivary cortisol.

One of the most important aspects of environmental sustainability is water quality monitoring. The ecology is impacted by poor water quality in addition to aquatic life. With the volume of data being collected from satellite systems, the issue of effectively and automatically extracting water bodies is growing more pressing. One of the most important things to do for managing and safeguarding water resources is to conduct extensive monitoring of water quality parameters, or WQPs. It is still difficult to monitor optically inactive WQPs in inland waters, such as total nitrogen (TN), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN), and total phosphorus (TP). Water quality (WQ) classification and prediction can be greatly enhanced with the use of artificial intelligence (AI). This research proposes novel method in healthcare detection by water quality analysis based on classification utilising ML model. Input is collected as healthcare dataset based on water quality as well as processed for noise removal and normalisation. The processed data features are extracted and classified utilising reinforcement Gaussian stacked layer network with variational fuzzy Markov basis neural network. In order to suggest best course of action for the water bodies, it is imperative that any study look into the spatiotemporal changes of the dominant water quality parameters (WQPs). WQP concentrations have typically been determined by extensive fieldwork. These findings could help identify and regulate non-point source pollution, offer a large-scale spatial picture of the water quality, and pinpoint vulnerable locations and times of water pollution. Experimental analysis is carried out for various water sample dataset in terms of detection accuracy, mean precision, recall, F-1 score and AUC. The proposed technique obtained 97% of detection accuracy, 95% of recall, 91% of F-1 score, 96% of AUC, and 94% of MAP.

Urinary bladder paragangliomas are rare with a reported incidence of <1% of bladder tumors. In the absence of typical clinical features, histopathology helps in rendering definitive diagnosis. We describe a case of nonfunctional urinary bladder paraganglioma in a 28-year-old male who presented with the chief complaint of abdominal pain. The final diagnosis was made by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. It is important to distinguish paraganglioma from urothelial carcinoma as the treatment differs. This is an additional case of nonfunctional urinary bladder paraganglioma in a male patient with a brief review of the literature.

Pulmonary aspergilloma is caused by colonization and proliferation of Aspergillus in the preexisting cavities in lungs. Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma is usually made based on chest X-ray findings, presence of serum precipitins against aspergillus and sputum culture. Bronchoscopic visualization of aspergilloma is very infrequent and more over calcification is rarely seen. We report a case of pulmonary aspergilloma, which was both calcified and visualized endoluminally during bronchoscopy.

The present study investigated the identities of endophytic bacteria isolated from the seeds of dry fruits of Capsicum chinensis Bhut Jolokia using PCR analysis with the view of food products quality. The bacteria were isolated from the seeds soaked in peptone broth followed by serial dilution. Standard molecular methods were used for DNA extraction (UniFlexTM DNA Isolation kit method), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Amplification, Electrophoresis, Purification and Sequencing of generated PCR products. The partial sequences obtained were deposited in the database of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Based on genotypic characteristics, these strains belonged to the genus Paenibacillus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that they clustered with Paenibacillus illinoisensis (99 % similarity). It was assigned Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain Nagoth JAR 007 and was submitted to Genbank (KC886309). The research findings concluded that presence of the endophytic Paenibacillus are nonpathogenic and has a role in plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stress.

The Data-Acquisition systems with remote accessibility are greatly demanded in industry and consumer applications. In this paper, a data-acquisition system which can save lives and property, based on GSM communication, accommodating a wide range of electronic devices is presented. The system has the special ability to automatically quench fire by spraying water during fire accidents, simultaneously informing the local fire station and the responsible persons as well, saving loss of life and property. Also the varying status can be instantaneously recorded and uploaded in internet, for failure analysis. By using a GPS receiver it is possible to acquire and display the images of the locations where there are fire accidents by decoding the text SMS data, which helps in continuously tracking the fire accident location using google maps, helping the fire engine to reach instantly. Also the cost-effectiveness of the overall system is proved. The embedded board acts as the main controller of this system which has a SIM card placed in it and thus communicates using GSM, making it accessible from anywhere in the world, providing a faster two-way data transfer between the Embedded system and the client, in real-time.