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Solitary fibrous tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) accounts for <1% of all primary CNS tumors. These tumors are typically dura-based and are graded using a three-tiered system based on cellularity, mitotic activity and necrosis. Extracranial metastasis of this disease is rare. The present study reports 3 cases of this rare tumor, retrieved from the hospital archives over a period of 5 years. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained and immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides were reviewed by two pathologists and clinical details were obtained from the hospital records. All 3 cases had tumors located in the cranial cavity. These cases had an outside diagnosis of meningioma, which on re-evaluation at our center (Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India) were found to be solitary fibrous tumor. Of the 3 cases, 1 developed local recurrence and distant metastasis. All cases showed histomorphological features of a spindle cell tumor with positivity for STAT6 by IHC. The genomic NGFI-A-binding protein 2-STAT6 fusion in solitary fibrous tumor leads toSTAT6 nuclear expression on IHC, which confirms the diagnosis and also differentiates it from its close mimics. This case series highlights that histomorphology and IHC are imperative for a correct and timely diagnosis of these tumors, which are commonly misdiagnosed clinically.

The current study developed a method for quantifying four drugs—Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Isoniazid, and Pyridoxine—in rabbit plasma. The method uses gradient liquid chromatography based on analytical quality by design. To achieve separation, a Eclip Plus C18 (250 mm × 5 mm, 4.6 µm) column with L1 packing was used, and analytes were detected at 254 nm at ambient temperature. The optimized mobile phase consisted of 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) and Methanol. The concentration of Methanol was 3% (0–5 min), 15% (5–15 min), 55% (15–27 min), and 3% Methanol until the end of the 30-min runtime, and the flow rate was set at 0.95 mL/min. Control Noise Experimentation was used to screen studies, revealing that flow rate, pH, and Methanol concentration significantly affected the analytical attributes. The study identified critical attributes (resolution and asymmetric factor) and developed a quality target method profile. A central composition design was used to optimize the essential parameters. The method developed for the drugs showed peaks at retention times of 6.990 min for Isoniazid, 7.880 min for Pyridoxine, 15.530 min for Sulfamethoxazole, and 26.890 min for Trimethoprim, respectively. The method was validated with linearity in the range of 10–640 ng ml −1 , with R 2 of 0.9993, 0.9987, 0.9993, and 0.9992 for Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Isoniazid, and Pyridoxine, respectively.

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in Indian population. To correlate various variables like epidemiology, clinical status, severity of TBI & associated co-morbid conditions and its outcome. This study involved retrospective collection, prospective management and follow up of 796 cases of TBI admitted to the neurosurgery department of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi during one year study duration. All the relevant variables recorded and analyzed with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in 6 months into 3 groups i.e. group 1 (GOS-1/Dead), group 2 (GOS-2&3/Bad) and group 3- (GOS-3&4/good). Compiled data collected, analyzed and difference between two proportions was analyzed using Chi Square test. This study included 791 cases with 569 (72%) males and 222 (28%) females with average age of 24 years. Fall from height was the main cause of TBI (56%) followed by road traffic injury (RTI) (36%). Majority (61%) patients reached the hospital within 6 hours of injury out of which 27% patients were unconscious. As per Glasgow coma scale mild, moderate & severe grade of TBI was seen in 62%, 22% &16% cases respectively. Radiological examination of other body parts revealed injuries in 11% cases. Only 11% cases required surgical management, rest was managed conservatively. Good outcome noted in 80% cases and 20% cases expired. Average duration of hospital stay was 5 days. According to multivariate analysis, the factors which correlated with poor prognosis are presence of radiological injuries to other body parts, GCS, abnormal cranial nerve examination, abnormal plantar and abnormal pupillary reflex. (P < 0.05). TBI predominantly affects young male population and most of these are preventable. Early transportation to the hospital and first aid results in good outcome. Mortality increases with the severity of TBI and associated injuries therefore multimodality approach in polytrauma is essential.

Rising temperatures are causing distress across the world, and for those most vulnerable, it is a silent killer. Information about indoor air temperature in residential dwellings is of interest for a range of reasons, such as health, thermal comfort and coping practices. However, there have been only few studies that measure indoor heat exposure, and contrast these to outdoor temperatures in rural-urban areas, of which none are in South Asia. We aim to close this knowledge gap with our indoor and outdoor heat measurement dataset, covering five low-income sites in South Asia. Two sites are in rural areas (Maharashtra, India), while three sites focus on urban areas (Dhaka, Delhi and Faisalabad). Data are based on 206 indoor temperature data loggers and complemented by data from five outdoor automated weather stations. The data-set can be used to examine temperature and humidity variation in low-socioeconomic status households in rural and urban areas and to better understand factors aggravating heat stress. This is important to plan and implement actions for combating heat stress. Measurement(s) air temperature • Humidity • atmospheric wind speed Technology Type(s) weather station • Temperature Sensor Device Factor Type(s) roof • wall • ventilation • room type • season • floor • ceiling • fan • direction • room • wind speed • solar radiation • hours • date • Evaporative cooler • Wall material Sample Characteristic - Environment weather Sample Characteristic - Location Jalna District • Yavatmal District • New Delhi • Faisalabad City • Dhaka

This review paper examines the appropriateness of a hyperloop line between Mumbai and Pune in India, examining, in particular, its potential economic implications and impact on people. This assessment builds on an earlier in-depth examination by the authors of the key urban and transport planning, technical, environmental, economic and human factors surrounding the hyperloop technology. The current detailed analysis of hyperloop’s expected implications in the Mumbai to Pune corridor is based upon use of a wide variety of existing indicative data from many sources, which are sufficient to provide a very broad “first-step” reality testing of hyperloop’s suitability to India. It could be argued that this is precisely the kind of analysis that should have been conducted, or at least made public, prior to committing to hyperloop in India. The paper highlights many negatives concerning hyperloop’s construction and operation, including a very high capital cost compared to other needed urban transport infrastructure projects in India, a potential lack of patronage due to a range of factors and its potentially exclusive upper income patronage cohort. It is concluded that rather than making a costly mistake, India should address current urban mobility challenges and needs such as bus rapid transit (BRT) and metros in its innumerable cities, whose construction costs are vastly lower than the expected cost of a single hyperloop line. Technology, such as the hyperloop, would need time to mature and gain operational experience. Should any corridor be found suitable, there would still need to be a thorough, detailed benefit–cost analysis together with a dedicated examination of the technology’s broader urban planning implications and less tangible factors. Setting aside the ultimate worthiness of hyperloops, India would need to at least achieve certain preconditions before proposing or pursuing such systems in the country.

Background Primary pilocytic astrocytoma of the CPA (Cerebello-pontine angle), in the pediatric age group is an extremely rare entity, with just three cases reported so far. It mostly arises from the root entry zone of the cranial nerves found in this cistern. Case presentation A 11-year boy presented with headache, hearing impairment in right ear. Pure tone audiogram and BAER (Brainstem auditory evoked response) suggested retro-cochlear sensori-neural hearing loss. MRI revealed a heterogeneously enhancing extra-axial lesion in the right CPA. Tumor was approached through right retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy. Intraoperatively it seemed to arise from the REZ (root entry zone) of CN VIII and histopathology confirmed it to be pilocytic astrocytoma. We have reported this as only the fourth case and reviewed the already existing literature. In the previous case reports an extensive immunohistochemical analysis was not done and the final diagnosis was not as per the Harlem consensus guidelines. Conclusion In this case, we have tried to report the final histopathology in accordance with the 5th edition of WHO classification of CNS tumors. In the current era of molecular diagnosis and layered structural format of reporting a histopathology, this case is the first of its kind and emphasizes the need to consider PA as one of the differentials for lesions in CPA.

Background: In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronary artery disease (CAD) as the leading cause of death globally for the last 20 years. Early screening and detection (primary prevention) and intervention (secondary prevention) are necessary to curb CAD and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) prevalence. A scoping review to assess the current literature on using cardiac scoring systems to predict CAD and MACE was performed.Methods: The research question ‘What is the literature on using cardiac scoring systems to predict CAD and MACE?’ was addressed. The updated Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews methodologies were used. The search terms ‘coronary artery disease’ and ‘cardiac scoring systems’ and ‘major adverse cardiovascular events’ were used in the Boolean search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, MedLine and Cochrane Library.Results: The final list consisted of 19 published English results after the year 2000. There were six results without participants (four clinical guidelines, one review article and one ongoing clinical trial). Scoring systems were cardiovascular risk estimation systems focusing on the primary prevention of CAD; MACE was discussed but not scored. There were 13 robust results published from completed multinational clinical trials with participants. These results focused on a scoring system for the secondary prevention of CAD and MACE.Conclusion: Scoring systems remain an objective method for primary and secondary prevention of CAD and MACE.Contribution: Scoring systems may be helpful with clinical uncertainty or to standardise patient results for comparison in research.

Background: Longstanding cardiovascular risk factors cause major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Major adverse cardiovascular events prediction may improve outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the ten-year predictors of MACE in patients without angina.Methods: Patients referred to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa, without typical angina from 2002 to 2008 were collected and followed up for MACE from 2009 to 2019. Survival time was calculated in months. Independent variables were tested with Cox proportional hazard models to predict MACE morbidity and MACE mortality.Results: There were 525 patients; 401 (76.0%) were Indian, 167 (31.8%) had diabetes at baseline. At 10-year follow up 157/525 (29.9%) experienced MACE morbidity, of whom, 82/525 (15.6%) had MACE mortality. There were 368/525 (70.1%) patients censored, of whom 195/525 (37.1%) were lost to follow up. For MACE morbidity, mean and longest observation times were 102.2 and 201 months, respectively. Predictors for MACE morbidity were age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.025), diabetes (HR = 1.436), Duke Risk category (HR = 1.562) and Ischaemic burden category (HR = 1.531). For MACE mortality, mean and longest observation times were 107.9 and 204 months, respectively. Predictors for MACE mortality were age (HR = 1.044), Duke Risk category (HR = 1.983), echocardiography risk category (HR = 2.537) and Ischaemic burden category (HR = 1.780).Conclusion: Among patients without typical angina, early ischaemia on noninvasive tests indicated microvascular disease and hyperglycaemia, predicting long-term MACE morbidity and MACE mortality.Contribution: Diabetes was a predictor for MACE morbidity but not for MACE mortality; patients lost to follow-up were possibly diabetic patients with MACE mortality at district hospitals. Early screening for ischaemia and hyperglycaemia control may improve outcomes.

Underwater picture preparing has a few applications in the field of maritime exploration work and logical applications, for example, archaeology, geography, underwater ecological appraisal, laying of significant distance gas pipelines and correspondence joins across the mainlands which request geo-referential looking over of the maritime bed and prospection of complex task. The lowering of a camera underwater requires satisfactory lodging utilizing high frequency. The moving of the camera with the assistance from distant spot or face to face at the site is similarly a perplexing undertaking. In any case, the significant test is forced by underwater medium properties. Underwater dimness picture upgrade has acquired far and wide significance with the quick advancement of present day imaging gear. Notwithstanding, the difference upgrade of single underwater dim picture is a difficult errand for logical investigation and computational applications. Versatile differentiation upgrade calculations to determine the picture fluffiness was proposed to suit underwater pictures with shifting difference. Fuzzy edge held intensification strategy had the option to furnish better upgrade with very much protected edge data and improved differentiation in examination with the fuzzy enhancement technique. Acoustic imaging systems are likewise valuable for reviewing or inspecting objects when water turbidity blocks the utilization of closed circuit television or other optical methods for survey. Likewise, light is weakened with a horizontal distance of proliferation, decreasing the light energy arriving at the camera, accordingly bringing about a deficiency of the normal tone.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze and compare the Von Mises stress and principal stress distribution in palatal bone around the palatal implant in lingual orthodontics (LiO) for single and double palatal implant systems with varying lengths of lever arm. Methods: Two groups were assessed: single (Group 1) and double (Group 2) palatal implant systems, which were further divided into two subgroups, based on lever arm length, for analyzing stress in the palatal bone around the implant. Hence, two 3D finite element models of bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction cases were constructed in each system. Lingual brackets (0.018-in slot) were positioned at the center of the clinical crown. In both systems, 150g of retraction force was applied, and ANSYS v. 12.1 software was used to analyze and compare stress in the palatal bone around the palatal implant. Results: In this study, higher stress was observed at the inner threaded interface of cortical bone. Magnitude of Von Mises stress was higher in Group 2 (0.63 MPa and 0.65 MPa) in comparison to Group 1 (0.29 MPa and 0.29 MPa). Similarly, magnitude of principal stress was higher in Group 2, in comparison to Group 1. Higher stress was observed in the apical region of the implant-bone interface of cancellous bone. Conclusion: This study concluded that the Von Misses stress as well as principal stress in the palatal bone were within the optimal limit in both groups. Finally, it can be concluded that both systems (single and double palatal implant) were safe for the patients in clinical use of 150g of retraction force. RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar e comparar as tensões de Von Mises e a distribuição das tensões principais no osso palatino ao redor de implantes palatinos em Ortodontia Lingual (OL) para sistemas de implantes palatinos unitários ou duplos com comprimentos variados do braço de alavanca. Métodos: Foram delineados dois grupos para o presente estudo: Grupo 1 - com sistema de implante palatino unitário e Grupo 2 - com sistema de implantes palatinos duplos. Em seguida, os grupos foram divididos em dois subgrupos, com base no comprimento do braço de alavanca, para analisar as tensões no osso palatino ao redor do implante. Para cada sistema, foram construídos dois modelos 3D de elementos finitos (MEF) de casos com extração bilateral de primeiros pré-molares superiores. Braquetes linguais (slot 0,018”) foram posicionados no centro das coroas clínicas. Nos dois sistemas, foram aplicados 150g de força de retração nos dentes anteriores, e o software ANSYS v. 12.1 foi usado para analisar e comparar as tensões no osso palatino ao redor dos implantes. Resultados: Foram observados maiores níveis de tensões na parte interna rosqueada no osso cortical. A magnitude das tensões de Von Mises foi maior no Grupo 2 (0,63MPa e 0,65MPa) em comparação ao Grupo 1 (0,29MPa e 0,29MPa). De forma semelhante, foi observada maior magnitude das tensões principais no Grupo 2 do que no Grupo 1. Maiores tensões foram observadas na região apical da interface osso/implante no tecido ósseo esponjoso. Conclusão: A tensões de Von Mises e as tensões principais no osso palatino ficaram dentro do limite ideal em ambos os grupos. Ambos os sistemas de implantes palatinos (unitário e duplo) foram seguros para o uso clínico em pacientes com força de retração de 150g.