Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
588
result(s) for
"Price, Jessica"
Sort by:
The ethics of ability and enhancement
This book explores our ethical responsibilities regarding health in general and disabilities in particular. Disability studies and human enhancement stand out as two emerging areas of research in medical ethics, prompting debates into ethical questions of identity, embodiment, discrimination, and accommodation, as well as questions concerning distributive justice and limitations on people's medical rights. Edited by two ethicist philosophers, this book combines their mastery of the theoretical debates surrounding disability and human enhancement with attention to real world questions that health workers and patients may face. By including a wide range of high-quality voices and perspectives, the book provides an invaluable resource for scholars who are working on this important and emerging area of leadership and health care ethics.
Book
Development and psychometric validation of a patient-reported outcome measure of recurrent urinary tract infection impact: the Recurrent UTI Impact Questionnaire
Purpose
Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) is a highly prevalent condition associated with significant poor quality of life outcomes. A patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of rUTI-associated psychosocial impact is urgently required to supplement clinical evaluation and validate the challenges experienced by patients. This study therefore developed and validated the Recurrent UTI Impact Questionnaire (RUTIIQ).
Methods
A rigorous four-stage methodology was followed: (I) concept elicitation through a qualitative survey of the experiences of people with rUTI (
N
= 1983); (II) Delphi expert screening of the RUTIIQ with expert rUTI clinicians (
N
= 15); (III) one-to-one cognitive interviews with people experiencing rUTI (
N
= 28) to evaluate the comprehensiveness and comprehensibility of the RUTIIQ, and (IV) full pilot testing of the RUTIIQ with people experiencing rUTI (
N
= 240) to perform final item reduction and psychometric analysis.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a five-factor structure comprising: ‘patient satisfaction’, ‘work and activity interference’, ‘social wellbeing’, ‘personal wellbeing’, and ‘sexual wellbeing’, collectively accounting for 73.8% of the total variance in pilot scores. Results from expert clinicians and patients indicated strong item content validity (I-CVI > .75). The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the RUTIIQ subscales were excellent (Cronbach’s
α
= .81–.96, ICC = .66–.91), and construct validity was strong (Spearman’s
ρ
> .69).
Conclusion
The RUTIIQ is a 30-item questionnaire with excellent psychometric properties, assessing the patient-reported psychosocial impact of living with rUTI symptoms and pain. This new instrument delivers the unique opportunity to enhance patient-centred care through standardised observation and monitoring of rUTI patient outcomes.
Trial registration
This study was pre-registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT05086900).
Journal Article
Second nature : photography in the age of the Anthropocene
The pressing issue of our time through the lens of important artists working today: the toll of human activity on the climate - known as the Anthropocene - is considered in-depth in this historic convening of photographers and thought-leaders from the worlds of art, Indigenous studies, philosophy, and ecology.
Book
High variability phonetic training in adaptive adverse conditions is rapid, effective, and sustained
This paper evaluates a novel high variability phonetic training paradigm that involves presenting spoken words in adverse conditions. The effectiveness, generalizability, and longevity of this high variability phonetic training in adverse conditions was evaluated using English phoneme contrasts in three experiments with Malaysian multilinguals. Adverse conditions were created by presenting spoken words against background multi-talker babble. In Experiment 1, the adverse condition level was set at a fixed level throughout the training and in Experiment 2 the adverse condition level was determined for each participant before training using an adaptive staircase procedure. To explore the effectiveness and sustainability of the training, phonemic discrimination ability was assessed before and immediately after training (Experiments 1 and 2) and 6 months after training (Experiment 3). Generalization of training was evaluated within and across phonemic contrasts using trained and untrained stimuli. Results revealed significant perceptual improvements after just three 20-minute training sessions and these improvements were maintained after 6 months. The training benefits also generalized from trained to untrained stimuli. Crucially, perceptual improvements were significantly larger when the adverse conditions were adapted before each training session than when it was set at a fixed level. As the training improvements observed here are markedly larger than those reported in the literature, this indicates that the individualized phonetic training regime in adaptive adverse conditions (HVPT-AAC) is highly effective at improving speech perception.
Journal Article
The Application of Adaptive Behaviour Models: A Systematic Review
Adaptive behaviour has been viewed broadly as an individual’s ability to meet the standards of social responsibilities and independence; however, this definition has been a source of debate amongst researchers and clinicians. Based on the rich history and the importance of the construct of adaptive behaviour, the current study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of adaptive behaviour models to assessment tools, through a systematic review. A plethora of assessment measures for adaptive behaviour have been developed in order to adequately assess the construct; however, it appears that the only definition on which authors seem to agree is that adaptive behaviour is what adaptive behaviour scales measure. The importance of the construct for diagnosis, intervention and planning has been highlighted throughout the literature. It is recommended that researchers and clinicians critically review what measures of adaptive behaviour they are utilising and it is suggested that the definition and theory is revisited.
Journal Article
Keystone Organizations Versus Clientelism: Understanding Protest Frequency in Indigenous Southern Mexico
This study builds on relational approaches to social mobilization and organizational ecology to explain local variations in protest frequency in the newer democracies of the developing world. I introduce the concept of keystone organizations, or organizations that justify protest and
build influential networks that catalyze protest activity, to explain the localized growth of protest. I contribute to the literature on clientelism by showing that the networks that fuel political clientelism monopolize the organizational environment and discourage protest politics. I test
my arguments statistically using an original dataset of protest events in Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Yucatan, Mexico, during the 2000 to 2012 federal election seasons that I coded from local newspaper reports.
Journal Article
Notch3 signaling promotes tumor cell adhesion and progression in a murine epithelial ovarian cancer model
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most common and deadly type of ovarian cancer, largely due to difficulties in early diagnosis and rapid metastasis throughout the peritoneal cavity. Previous studies have shown that expression of Notch3 correlates with worse prognosis and increased tumorigenic cell behaviors in HGSC. We investigated the mechanistic role of Notch3 in a model of metastatic ovarian cancer using the murine ovarian surface epithelial cell line, ID8 IP2. Notch3 was activated in ID8 IP2 cells via expression of the Notch3 intracellular domain (Notch3IC). Notch3IC ID8 IP2 cells injected intraperitoneally caused accelerated ascites and reduced survival compared to control ID8 IP2, particularly in early stages of disease. We interrogated downstream targets of Notch3IC in ID8 IP2 cells by RNA sequencing and found significant induction of genes that encode adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins. Notch3IC ID8 IP2 showed increased expression of ITGA1 mRNA and cell-surface protein. Notch3IC-mediated increase of ITGA1 was also seen in two human ovarian cancer cells. Notch3IC ID8 IP2 cells showed increased adhesion to collagens I and IV in vitro. We propose that Notch3 activation in ovarian cancer cells causes increased adherence to collagen-rich peritoneal surfaces. Thus, the correlation between increased Notch3 signaling and poor prognosis may be influenced by increased metastasis of HGSC via increased adherence of disseminating cells to new metastatic sites in the peritoneum.
Journal Article
Healthcare provider perspectives on delivering next generation rotavirus vaccines in five low-to-middle-income countries
Live oral rotavirus vaccines (LORVs) have significantly reduced rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. However, LORVs are less effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Next-generation rotavirus vaccines (NGRVs) may be more effective but require administration by injection or a neonatal oral dose, adding operational complexity. Healthcare providers (HPs) were interviewed to assess rotavirus vaccine preferences and identify delivery issues as part of an NGRV value proposition.
Determine HP vaccine preferences about delivering LORVs compared to injectable (iNGRV) and neonatal oral (oNGRV) NGRVs.
64 HPs from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Peru, and Senegal were interviewed following a mixed-method guide centered on three vaccine comparisons: LORV vs. iNGRV; LORV vs. oNGRV; oNGRV vs. iNGRV. HPs reviewed attributes for each vaccine in the comparisons, then indicated and explained their preference. Additional questions elicited views about co-administering iNGRV+LORV for greater public health impact, a possible iNGRV-DTP-containing combination vaccine, and delivering neonatal doses.
Almost all HPs preferred oral vaccine options over iNGRV, with many emphasizing an aversion to additional injections. Despite this strong preference, HPs described challenges delivering oral doses. Preferences for LORV vs. oNGRV were split, marked by disparate views on rotavirus disease epidemiology and the safety, need, and feasibility of delivering neonatal vaccines. Although overwhelmingly enthusiastic about an iNGRV-DTP-containing combination option, several HPs had concerns. HP views were divided on the feasibility of co-administering iNGRV+LORV, citing challenges around logistics and caregiver sensitization.
Our findings provide valuable insights on delivering NGRVs in routine immunization. Despite opposition to injectables, openness to co-administering LORV+iNGRV to improve efficacy suggests future HP support of iNGRV if adequately informed of its advantages. Rationales for LORV vs. oNGRV underscore needs for training on rotavirus epidemiology and stronger service integration. Expressed challenges delivering existing LORVs merit further examination and indicate need for improved delivery.
Journal Article
LexMAL: A quick and reliable lexical test for Malay speakers
Objective language proficiency measures have been found to provide better and more consistent estimates of bilinguals’ language processing than self-rated proficiency (e.g., Tomoschuk et al.,
2019
; Wen & van Heuven,
2017a
). However, objectively measuring language proficiency is often not possible because of a lack of quick and freely available language proficiency tests (Park et al.,
2022
). Therefore, quick valid vocabulary tests, such as LexTALE (Lemhöfer & Broersma,
2012
) and its extensions (e.g., LexITA: Amenta et al.,
2020
; LEXTALE-FR: Brysbaert,
2013
; LexPT: Zhou & Li,
2022
) have been developed to reliably assess language proficiency of speakers of various languages. The present study introduces a Lexical Test for Malay Speakers (LexMAL), which estimates language proficiency for Malay first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers. An initial 180-item LexMAL prototype was evaluated using 60 Malay L1 and 60 L2 speakers in Experiment
1
. Sixty words and 30 nonwords with the highest discriminative power that span across the full difficulty range were selected for the final LexMAL based on point-biserial correlations and an item response theory analysis. The validity of LexMAL was demonstrated through a reliable discrimination between L1 and L2 speakers, significant correlations between LexMAL scores and performance on other Malay language tasks (i.e., translation accuracy and cloze test scores), and LexMAL outperforming self-rated proficiency. A validation study (Experiment
2
) with the 90-item final LexMAL tested with a different group of Malay L1 (
N
= 61) and L2 speakers (
N
= 61) replicated the findings of Experiment
1
. LexMAL is freely available for researchers at
www.lexmal.org
.
Journal Article
Exome sequencing of serous endometrial tumors identifies recurrent somatic mutations in chromatin-remodeling and ubiquitin ligase complex genes
Daphne Bell and colleagues report exome sequences of serous endometrial tumors, a clinically aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer. The authors identified recurrent somatic mutations in
CHD4
,
EP300
,
ARID1A
,
TSPYL2
,
FBXW7
,
SPOP
,
MAP3K4
and
ABCC9
.
Endometrial cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, causing ∼74,000 deaths annually
1
. Serous endometrial cancers are a clinically aggressive subtype with a poorly defined genetic etiology
2
,
3
,
4
. We used whole-exome sequencing to comprehensively search for somatic mutations within ∼22,000 protein-encoding genes in 13 primary serous endometrial tumors. We subsequently resequenced 18 genes, which were mutated in more than 1 tumor and/or were components of an enriched functional grouping, from 40 additional serous tumors. We identified high frequencies of somatic mutations in
CHD4
(17%),
EP300
(8%),
ARID1A
(6%),
TSPYL2
(6%),
FBXW7
(29%),
SPOP
(8%),
MAP3K4
(6%) and
ABCC9
(6%). Overall, 36.5% of serous tumors had a mutated chromatin-remodeling gene, and 35% had a mutated ubiquitin ligase complex gene, implicating frequent mutational disruption of these processes in the molecular pathogenesis of one of the deadliest forms of endometrial cancer.
Journal Article