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On 26 September 2022, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft struck Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos 1 . Because it is a binary system, it is possible to determine how much the orbit of the satellite changed, as part of a test of what is necessary to deflect an asteroid that might threaten Earth with an impact. In nominal cases, pre-impact predictions of the orbital period reduction ranged from roughly 8.8 to 17 min (refs. 2 , 3 ). Here we report optical observations of Dimorphos before, during and after the impact, from a network of citizen scientists’ telescopes across the world. We find a maximum brightening of 2.29 ± 0.14 mag on impact. Didymos fades back to its pre-impact brightness over the course of 23.7 ± 0.7 days. We estimate lower limits on the mass contained in the ejecta, which was 0.3–0.5% Dimorphos’s mass depending on the dust size. We also observe a reddening of the ejecta on impact. Optical observations of Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos, before, during and after the impact of the DART spacecraft, from a network of citizen science telescopes across the world are reported.

Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations 1 . These ‘hot Jupiter’ planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization 2 , 3 . The discovery of the extremely eccentric ( e  = 0.93) giant exoplanet HD 80606 b (ref.  4 ) provided observational evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed through this high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway 5 . However, no similar hot-Jupiter progenitors have been found and simulations predict that one factor affecting the efficacy of this mechanism is exoplanet mass, as low-mass planets are more likely to be tidally disrupted during periastron passage 6 – 8 . Here we present spectroscopic and photometric observations of TIC 241249530 b, a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter with an extreme orbital eccentricity of e  = 0.94. The orbit of TIC 241249530 b is consistent with a history of eccentricity oscillations and a future tidal circularization trajectory. Our analysis of the mass and eccentricity distributions of the transiting-warm-Jupiter population further reveals a correlation between high mass and high eccentricity. The spectroscopic and photometric observations of a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter, TIC 241249530 b, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.94, provide evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed by means of a high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway.

We report the discovery and confirmation of TOI-4465 b, a \\(1.25^{+0.08}_{-0.07}~R_{J}\\), \\(5.89\\pm0.26~M_{J}\\) giant planet orbiting a G dwarf star at \\(d\\simeq\\) 122 pc. The planet was detected as a single-transit event in data from Sector 40 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. Radial velocity (RV) observations of TOI-4465 showed a planetary signal with an orbital period of \\(\\sim\\)102 days, and an orbital eccentricity of \\(e=0.24\\pm0.01\\). TESS re-observed TOI-4465 in Sector 53 and Sector 80, but did not detect another transit of TOI-4465 b, as the planet was not expected to transit during these observations based on the RV period. A global ground-based photometry campaign was initiated to observe another transit of TOI-4465 b after the RV period determination. The \\(\\sim\\)12 hour-long transit event was captured from multiple sites around the world, and included observations from 24 citizen scientists, confirming the orbital period as \\(\\sim\\)102 days. TOI-4465 b is a relatively dense (\\(3.73\\pm0.53~\\rm{g/cm^3}\\)), temperate (375-478 K) giant planet. Based on giant planet structure models, TOI-4465 b appears to be enriched in heavy elements at a level consistent with late-stage accretion of icy planetesimals. Additionally, we explore TOI-4465 b's potential for atmospheric characterization, and obliquity measurement. Increasing the number of long-period planets by confirming single-transit events is crucial for understanding the frequency and demographics of planet populations in the outer regions of planetary systems.

On 26 September 2022 the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos. Because it is a binary system, it is possible to determine how much the orbit of the satellite changed, as part of a test of what is necessary to deflect an asteroid that might threaten Earth with an impact. In nominal cases, pre-impact predictions of the orbital period reduction ranged from ~8.8 - 17.2 minutes. Here we report optical observations of Dimorphos before, during and after the impact, from a network of citizen science telescopes across the world. We find a maximum brightening of 2.29 \\(\\pm\\) 0.14 mag upon impact. Didymos fades back to its pre-impact brightness over the course of 23.7 \\(\\pm\\) 0.7 days. We estimate lower limits on the mass contained in the ejecta, which was 0.3 - 0.5% Dimorphos' mass depending on the dust size. We also observe a reddening of the ejecta upon impact.

More than 5,000 exoplanets have been confirmed and among them almost 4,000 were discovered by the transit method. However, few transiting exoplanets have an orbital period greater than 100 days. Here we report a transit detection of Kepler-167 e, a \"Jupiter analog\" exoplanet orbiting a K4 star with a period of 1,071 days, using the Unistellar ground-based telescope network. From 2021 November 18 to 20, citizen astronomers located in nine different countries gathered 43 observations, covering the 16 hour long transit. Using a nested sampling approach to combine and fit the observations, we detected the mid-transit time to be UTC 2021 November 19 17:20:51 with a 1\\(\\sigma\\) uncertainty of 9.8 minutes, making it the longest-period planet to ever have its transit detected from the ground. This is the fourth transit detection of Kepler-167 e, but the first made from the ground. This timing measurement refines the orbit and keeps the ephemeris up to date without requiring space telescopes. Observations like this demonstrate the capabilities of coordinated networks of small telescopes to identify and characterize planets with long orbital periods.

The transiting planet HD80606b undergoes a 1000-fold increase in insolation during its 111-day orbit due to it being highly eccentric (e=0.93). The planet's effective temperature increases from 400K to over 1400K in a few hours as it makes a rapid passage to within 0.03AU of its host star during periapsis. Spectroscopic observations during the eclipse (which is conveniently oriented a few hours before periapsis) of HD80606b with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are poised to exploit this highly variable environment to study a wide variety of atmospheric properties, including composition, chemical and dynamical timescales, and large scale atmospheric motions. Critical to planning and interpreting these observations is an accurate knowledge of the planet's orbit. We report on observations of two full-transit events: 7 February 2020 as observed by the TESS spacecraft and 7--8 December 2021 as observed with a worldwide network of small telescopes. We also report new radial velocity observations which when analyzed with a coupled model to the transits greatly improve the planet's orbital ephemeris. Our new orbit solution reduces the uncertainty in the transit and eclipse timing of the JWST era from tens of minutes to a few minutes. When combined with the planned JWST observations, this new precision may be adequate to look for non-Keplerian effects in the orbit of HD80606b.

Approximately one-half of individuals with cancer face personal economic burdens associated with the disease and its treatment, a problem known as financial toxicity (FT). FT more frequently affects socioeconomically vulnerable individuals and leads to subsequent adverse economic and health outcomes. Whereas multilevel systemic factors at the policy, payer, and provider levels drive FT, there are also accompanying intervenable patient-level factors that exacerbate FT in the setting of clinical care delivery. The primary strategy to intervene on FT at the patient level is financial navigation. Financial navigation uses comprehensive assessment of patients' risk factors for FT, guidance toward support resources, and referrals to assist patient financial needs during cancer care. Social workers or nurse navigators most frequently lead financial navigation. Oncologists and clinical provider teams are multidisciplinary partners who can support optimal FT management in the context of their clinical roles. Oncologists and clinical provider teams can proactively assess patient concerns about the financial hardship and employment effects of disease and treatment. They can respond by streamlining clinical treatment and care delivery planning and incorporating FT concerns into comprehensive goals of care discussions and coordinated symptom and psychosocial care. By understanding how age and life stage, socioeconomic, and cultural factors modify FT trajectory, oncologists and multidisciplinary health care teams can be engaged and informative in patient-centered, tailored FT management. The case presentations in this report provide a practical context to summarize authors' recommendations for patient-level FT management, supported by a review of key supporting evidence and a discussion of challenges to mitigating FT in oncology care.

The nasal positive pressure oxygenation device, SuperNO2VA™ (Vyaire Medical™), represents a significant advancement in airway management and perioperative care, particularly in patients at high risk for hypoxemia. This paper traces the historical development, underlying technology, and clinical adoption of the device, emphasizing its role in improving patient outcomes. By addressing gaps in traditional airway management and leveraging innovative design, the SuperNO2VA™​​​​​​​ device has become a useful tool in modern anesthesiology.

Every week, people of all races and religions use Mount Bethel's facilities. All the Rev. Randy Mickler said was that a non-Christian could not deliver a sermon from the church's pulpit. He even offered to set up a lectern for Rabbi Steven Lebow. I suggest that next time your writers wish to attack a church for standing up for its beliefs they best hear both sides of the story --- not just the one that makes for a good article. I am the product of a Methodist heritage that dates back to the inception of the denomination more than 200 years ago, and I am appalled by the Rev. Randy Mickler's conduct in \"disinviting\" Rabbi Steven Lebow to deliver the Walton High School baccalaureate address at Mount Bethel United Methodist Church. In our Methodist church, I'm strongly encouraged to read \"sermons\" by Jews who, at the time they wrote, did not profess Christ as the Messiah. They include Abraham, Moses, Samuel, Jacob, Isaiah, Jeremiah, David, etc., etc. Sometimes their words are even read aloud from the pulpit! Perhaps I should just rip out my Old Testament and throw it away. But then again, there's the problem of that prominent fellow in the New Testament, Paul, a zealous Jew who spent many years persecuting the church and stoning its leaders. Should I rip out those pages, too?

Consideration for the use of microalgae as a feedstock for commercial biofuels production began in the 1970s. While high production costs and inefficiencies impeded private industry scale up to meet national energy needs, recent energy supply concerns and market instability has revitalized this alternative energy process. A key factor in using microalgae comes from efficiently harvesting algae oils which are chemically similar to fossil fuel oils. Technological advances have been made to genetically engineer microalgae to accumulate oils but these procedures are time consuming and expensive. Others have made progress in using natural processes in the environment to cause algae to produce oils. Considerable research has shown determining the appropriate mix of light, temperature and CO2 can foster oil accumulation in select microalgae strains. Using an experimental design, the freshwater algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Ettlia sp. were subjected to various environmental conditions to investigate effects on oil production. When exposed to a higher irradiance level (400 μE), C. pyrenoidosa achieved a significantly higher cell count leading to an increase in lipid productivity. Under media manipulation effects, the cell count for nitrogen-limited cultures was significantly lower than that of cultures grown on replete medium. Nitrogen limitation seems to negatively impact lipid productivity under our experimental conditions. Supplementation with 2 % CO2, led to an increase in growth after seven days of incubation; however, growth decreased subsequently to a slower rate as compared to growth with air sparging after 12 days of incubation. There appeared to be a degree of variability with regards to lipid ratios, with increases in neutral lipids in cultures exposed to higher levels of irradiance, nitrogen limitation and additional CO2. Although analysis showed that environmental manipulation is feasible in terms of oil accumulation for these select strains, further study is warranted in investigating other oil-accumulating microalgae strains for commercial production.