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Background: Orthodontic treatment is a long-term procedure that involves the usage of brackets and archwires which are mainly metallic in nature. This study evaluated the levels of metal ions release from bonded and nonbonded orthodontic brackets after immersion in distilled deionized water and three different types of mouthwash. Materials and Methods: Eighty premolar stainless steel brackets (3M, Unitek) were divided into Group A (bonded brackets) and Group B (nonbonded brackets). Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups to analyze the release of ions from three different types of mouthwash along with the control group. All the samples were incubated at 37°C for 45 days, and immersion solutions were tested in inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer for the release of free metal ions. Results: Mean ion release in the bonded bracket group was less than that of nonbonded bracket group. Ion release in control subgroup of both groups was 0.18 ± 0.08 μg/dl (A1) and 0.17 ± 0.06 μg/dl (B1); in Phos-Flur mouthwash subgroup was 0.12 ± 0.06 μg/dl (A2) and 0.13 ± 0.05 μg/dl (B2); in chlohex mouthwash subgroup was 0.13 ± 0.06 μg/dl (A3) and 0.14 ± 0.06 μg/dl (B3); in Hiora mouthwash subgroup was 0.10 ± 0.06 μg/dl (A4) and 0.12 ± 0.05 μg/dl (B4). Conclusions: The mean ion release was the highest in deionized water (control group) followed by chlohex, Phos-Flur, and Hiora in both Group A and Group B. Ion leaching from bonded brackets was less compared to nonbonded brackets in all different mouthwashes except in the control group. However, this difference was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) between all the groups.

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the published data concerning zirconia dental implants from various aspects. To identify relevant literature an electronic search was performed of PubMed. Titles and abstracts were screened and articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for a full-text reading. Articles were divided into four groups: 1) studies evaluating the mechanical properties of zirconia implants, 2) studies on osseointegration of zirconia, 3) studies on peri-implant tissue response to zirconia implant, and 4) studies on plaque accumulation with zirconia. Review of the selected articles showed that zirconia implants are reliable for placement in the jaw bone. Furthermore, zirconia implants present a material surface that is compatible with the peri-implant tissue and relatively less attractive to plaque. Based on the reviewed literature, it appears that zirconia has the potential to become the dental implant material of choice, especially for aesthetic restorations; however, some issues need to be studied further.

Desired retrievability of cemented implant-supported fixed prosthesis makes the retentive strength of cementing agents an important consideration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the retentiveness of purposely designed implant cement and compare its retentiveness with dental cements that are commonly used with implant systems. Ten implant analogs were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks and titanium abutments were attached to them. Fifty standardized copings were waxed directly on the abutment and casted. The cements used were: (1) resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement, (2) purposely designed implant cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass ionomer cement. After cementation, each sample was subjected to a pull-out test using universal testing machine and loads required to remove the crowns were recorded. The mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test. The mean values (± SD) of loads at failure (n = 10) for various cements were as follows (N): resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement 394.62 (± 9.76), Premier implant cement 333.86 (± 18.91), zinc phosphate cement 629.30 (± 20.65), zinc polycarboxylate cement 810.08 (± 11.52), and glass ionomer cement 750.17 (± 13.78). The results do not suggest that one cement type is better than another, but they do provide a ranking order of the cements regarding their ability to retain the prosthesis and facilitate easy retrievability.

Owing to its excellent biomechanical characteristics, biocompatibility, and bright tooth-like color, zirconia has the potential to become a substitute for titanium as dental implant material and to be successfully used as root-analogue implants by reproducing the contours of the extracted tooth. This article presents an overview of the technique of using root analogue zirconia dental implants as an immediate implantation material. These implants are replicas of the extracted tooth and therefore truly anatomically correct and socket friendly.

Movement of impression copings inside the impression material using a direct (open tray) impression technique during clinical and laboratory phases may cause inaccuracy in transferring the 3-dimensional spatial orientation of implants intraorally to the cast. Consequently, the prosthesis may require corrective procedures. This in vitro study evaluated the accuracy of 3 different impression techniques using polyether and vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression material to obtain a precise cast for multiple internal connection implants. A reference acrylic resin model with 4 internal connection implants was fabricated. Impressions of the reference model were made using 3 different techniques and 2 different impression materials. The study consisted of 24 specimens divided into 6 groups of 4 each. Impressions were poured with ADA type IV stone (Kalrock, Kalabhai Karson Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India). All casts were evaluated for the positional accuracy (mm) of the implant replica heads using a profile projector. These measurements were compared to the measurements calculated on the reference resin model, which served as a control. Data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison procedures to evaluate group means. The results revealed significant difference for anterior implant distance between the 2 impression materials ( P < .01) and also among the 3 different techniques ( P < .05). The lowest mean variation was found with the polyether impression material and the splinted technique. For posterior implants, the results suggested no significant difference between the 2 impression materials ( P ≥ .05). Although results were not statistically significant, the polyether impression material showed the lowest mean variation as compared to the VPS impression material. However, there was a significant difference among the 3 different techniques ( P < .05). Among the 3 different techniques, the lowest mean variation between 2 posterior implants was found in the splinted technique. Casts obtained from impression techniques using square impression copings splinted together with autopolymerizing acrylic resin prior to the impression procedure were more accurate than casts obtained from impressions with nonmodified implant impression copings and with airborne particle–abraded, adhesive-coated copings. Casts obtained from polyether impression material were more accurate than casts obtained from vinyl polysiloxane impression material.

A properly fabricated provisional restoration is important in achieving a successful indirect restoration. The importance of provisional restorations as an integral part of fixed prosthodontic treatment is evident from the abundance of the literature pertaining to their importance regarding margin fidelity, function, occlusion, and esthetics. There are a variety of techniques available to suit the individual needs of the clinician and of the clinical situation, from a single unit to a complete-arch provisional fixed prostheses.

Background and Objectives : There are numerous post and core systems variety of materials. Several methods are used to increase the retentive strength.The present study was conducted with the purpose of analysis of the effect of surface treatment with ethyl alcohol, resin primer and air-borne alumina particle abrasion on retention of glass fiber posts, carbon fiber posts and cast metal posts Materials and Methods : Surface treatment of glass fiber posts, carbon fiber posts and cast metal posts was done with ethyl alcohol, resin primer and air-borne alumina particle abrasion and cemented with dual cure resin cement into the post spaces prepared in the teeth. For the Retentive force test, a screw driven universal testing machine was used to apply tensile load to the post. The force required to dislodge each post from prepared post space was recorded. Statistical Analysis : Comparison of the mean retentive strength was done using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni method for multiple comparisons. Results : Significant difference in the retentive strength between air borne alumina particle abrasion and resin primer treated posts was (P < 0.001) noticed. Further, there was no significant difference between ethyl alcohol and resin primer treated posts Conclusion : Air-borne alumina particle abrasion increased the retentive strength of all the type of posts used in this study. Treating the surface of the posts with resin-primer and ethyl alcohol produced no statistically significant difference in the retentive strength.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 3 new gingival retraction systems; Stay-put, Magic foam cord and expasyl, on the basis of their relative ease of handling, time taken for placement, hemorrhage control and the amount of gingival retraction. Thirty subjects were selected requiring fixed prosthesis. The 3 gingival retraction systems were used on the prepared abutments randomly. The time taken for placement of each retraction system was recorded. The vertical gingival retraction was measured before and after retraction using flexible measuring strip with 0.5 mm grading. The horizontal retraction was measured on polyether impressions made before the retraction and after retraction. Based on the results, magic foam cord retraction system can be considered more effective gingival retraction system among the three retraction systems used in the study.

Microstomia is defined as an abnormally small oral orifice which can be due to various factors. Microstomia is a definite prosthodontic hindrance to carry out the different treatment successfully. To rehabilitate a patient with microstomia, successfully, the methods and designs incorporated in the prosthesis have to be modified. In the past, various techniques have been tried, incorporating certain biological and scientific methods to rehabilitate patients with microstomia. This article reviews the previously described treatment modalities in case of patients with microstomia.

The field of science and research is ever changing and the scientific discipline of prosthodontics is no exception. The practice of prosthodontics and the supporting technology involved has evolved tremendously from the traditional to the contemporary. As a result of continual developments in technology, new methods of production and new treatment concepts may be expected. Clinicians must have certain basic knowledge if they are to benefit from these new procedures. This article reviews the contemporary trends in the field of prosthodontics and provides an insight into what one might expect in the near future.