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The Rabaris, who live in nesses-tiny, mud-built hutments-in the Gujarati regions of Gir, Barda, and Alech, received Scheduled Tribe (ST) status from the central government in October 1956. Their history of migration can be traced back to Iran, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan, from where they migrated and settled in the western regions of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Their rich cultural tradition combines pastoralism with mythology, forming a distinctive sociocultural identity. This identity was shaped by their migration to India in the 4th century and subsequent settlement in areas like Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Punjab. Historically, Rabaris were involved in herding animals and camels. Over time, they transitioned from nomadic to sedentary pastoralism, adapting to the cultural influences of their surroundings. Rabari embroidery, a defining characteristic of their heritage, reflects this process of acculturation. Characterized by vibrant colors, intricate motifs, and mirror work, this embroidery-predominantly crafted by women-serves as a representation of their environment and mythology. Initially a form of self-expression, this craft has evolved to secure a unique position in modem markets. As the guardians of this tradition, Rabari women play an essential role in preserving and revitalizing their embroidery, skillfully blending traditional elements with contemporary designs to meet the demands of a global audience. This paper examines how Rabari women have utilized embroidery to preserve their traditional identity while navigating the challenges of commercialization and modernization. It explores how this age-old craft has adapted to the preferences of modem consumers, ensuring its relevance in an ever-changing world.

[...]she cautioned that it wouldn’t contain covid-19, but would buy some time, during which India needed to make a greater effort to detect cases and isolate patients. Since India reported its first covid-19 positive patient on 31 January, the government has gradually been widening measures to prevent international passengers from importing the virus into the country. According to an analysis published on 22 March by the COV-IND-19 Study Group, a team of epidemiologists based in the US, India could see between around 100 000 and 1.3 million confirmed cases of covid-19 by the middle of May if the virus continues to spread at its current rate. [...]only a few Indian states including Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab have announced financial assistance to daily wage workers. 1 Mandal S Bhatnagar T Arinaminpathy N. Prudent public health intervention strategies to control the coronavirus disease 2019 transmission in India: A mathematical model-based approach.

Right from the olden days, many products have been made according to foundry practices in order to generate prosperity in the societies in which they operate while reaping these types of benefits through the operation of foundries. It is alarming that the emissions released by foundries affect human health. Therefore, foundries installed Pollution Control devices (PCDs), in accordance with this development; researchers examined the effectiveness of these PCDs in controlling emissions from foundries in different parts of the world. The emission control obtained by installing these PCDs is explained in this article based on the data gathered from the survey. The cartridge filter equipped with an induction furnace reduced the concentration of SPM to less than 20 mg/Nm 3 . This result of the investigation indicates that the cartridge filter built into the induction furnace achieves the best efficiency in controlling contaminants from iron foundries. Interestingly, the operation of the cartridge filter has yet to be documented. Therefore, the construction operation, the performance of the cartridge filter, and its efficiency in achieving contaminations control in foundries are described. This will provide useful information on the use of cartridge filters in an induction furnace to reduce Iron foundry emissions.

A new paradigm called physical reservoir computing has recently emerged, where the nonlinear dynamics of high-dimensional and fixed physical systems are harnessed as a computational resource to achieve complex tasks. Via extensive simulations based on a dynamic truss-frame model, this study shows that an origami structure can perform as a dynamic reservoir with sufficient computing power to emulate high-order nonlinear systems, generate stable limit cycles, and modulate outputs according to dynamic inputs. This study also uncovers the linkages between the origami reservoir’s physical designs and its computing power, offering a guideline to optimize the computing performance. Comprehensive parametric studies show that selecting optimal feedback crease distribution and fine-tuning the underlying origami folding designs are the most effective approach to improve computing performance. Furthermore, this study shows how origami’s physical reservoir computing power can apply to soft robotic control problems by a case study of earthworm-like peristaltic crawling without traditional controllers. These results can pave the way for origami-based robots with embodied mechanical intelligence .

Why did you do this work?Parental refusal of childhood vaccinations is an increasingly significant public health concern, contributing to the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly measles globally in 2023 and 2024.1 This complex phenomenon includes issues of parental rights, child welfare, and public health policy. Children, lacking the capacity for medical decision-making, rely on parental consent for immunisations, with capacity becoming more ambiguous in adolescence.2 The objectives of this literature review were to explore why parents refuse vaccinations and how healthcare practitioners can alleviate parents’ concerns, decrease barriers to access and improve childhood vaccination.What did you do?This review aimed to explore the factors influencing parental vaccine refusal and identify strategies to address this issue. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, using terms such as ‘parental refusal of childhood vaccinations’, ‘immunisations’, and ‘vaccine hesitancy’. ‘Parental refusal of childhood vaccinations’ generated 314 results; 171 of which were accessible full texts. Searches were also made to understand how to provide better education and information to parents using the terms ‘vaccination education’ and ‘childhood vaccination leaflets’.What did you find?Five major factors were found contributing to parental vaccine refusal: the impact of the MMR-autism controversy, religion, education, safety concerns (including allergies, side effects, and ingredients), and media influence.3 Evidence shows the COVID-19 pandemic has further complicated perceptions of vaccine safety and efficacy.4 The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine faces distinctive challenges due to associated stigma and the age of administration as demonstrated by studies in Japan.5Barriers to vaccination access include limited appointments after hours, varying education levels and limited access to evidence-based information. Research emphasises that healthcare professionals (HCPs) should facilitate open, informed discussions about childhood vaccinations and to refer parents to appropriate resources when necessary.Strategies to address vaccine hesitancy include nurturing non-confrontational conversations between HCPs and parents. It is essential to adopt a patient-centred care approach, while providing unbiased, evidence-based information through accessible materials. Improving parental education, offering flexible appointment times, and utilising IT systems for vaccination tracking were identified as potential solutions.6What does it mean?In conclusion, addressing parental vaccine refusal requires a multifaceted approach that acknowledges the influence of media, misconceptions, and cultural sensitivities on healthcare decisions. Implementing targeted strategies and fostering effective communication between HCPs and parents, can lead to significant improvements in childhood vaccination rates may be achieved, ultimately improving public health outcomes. It would be beneficial to conduct a meta-analysis for a more methodical approach to exploring effective methods to improve vaccine uptake.ReferencesAl-Tawfiq JA, Jain N, Tanasov A, Schlagenhauf P. Measles matter: recent outbreaks highlight the need for catch-up vaccination in Europe and around the globe. 2024.Barstow C, Shahan B, Roberts M. Evaluating medical decision-making capacity in practice. 2018.McKee C, Bohannon K. Exploring the reasons behind parental refusal of vaccines. 2016.Grills LA, Wagner AL. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parental vaccine hesitancy: A cross-sectional survey. 2023.Shiomi M, Ueda Y, Abe H, Yagi A, Sakiyama K, Kimura T, et al. A survey of Japanese mothers on the effectiveness of the ministry of health, labor and welfare’s revised HPV vaccine leaflet. 2020.Deborah A Gust, et al. Parent attitudes toward immunizations and healthcare providers: the role of information. 2005.

Quantum algorithms claim significant speedup over their classical counterparts for solving many problems. An important aspect of many of these algorithms is the existence of a quantum oracle, which needs to be implemented efficiently in order to realize the claimed advantages in practice. A quantum random access memory (QRAM) is a promising architecture for realizing these oracles. In this paper we develop a new design for QRAM and implement it with Clifford+T circuit. We focus on optimizing the T-count and T-depth since non-Clifford gates are the most expensive to implement fault-tolerantly in most error correction schemes. Integral to our design is a polynomial encoding of bit strings and so we refer to this design as . Compared to the previous state-of-the-art bucket brigade architecture for QRAM, we achieve an exponential improvement in T-depth, while reducing T-count and keeping the qubit-count same. Specifically, if N is the number of memory locations to be queried, then has T-depth , T-count and uses O ( N ) logical qubits, while the bucket brigade circuit has T-depth , T-count O ( N ) and uses O ( N ) qubits. Combining two we design a quantum look-up-table, , that has T-depth , T-count and qubit count . A quantum look-up table (qLUT) or quantum read-only memory (QROM) has restricted functionality than a QRAM. For example, it cannot write into a memory location and the circuit needs to be compiled each time the contents of the memory change. The previous state-of-the-art CSWAP architecture has T-depth , T-count and qubit count . Thus we achieve a double exponential improvement in T-depth while keeping the T-count and qubit-count asymptotically same. Additionally, with our polynomial encoding of bit strings, we develop a method to optimize the Toffoli-count of circuits, specially those consisting of multi-controlled-NOT gates.

A supercapacitor is a solid-state device that can store electrical energy in the form of charges. It represents an advancement in the field of energy storage, as it overcomes many of the shortcomings of batteries. This paper presents an overview of the various types of supercapacitors, electrode materials, and electrolytes, and the future of supercapacitors. Due to their high storage capacity, supercapacitors are commonly used in portable electronic devices such as MP3 players and mobile phones, and in hybrid vehicles and other applications. In electrical and hybrid vehicles, supercapacitors are increasingly used as provisional energy storage for regenerative braking. Various materials are used in electrodes to boost the performance of the supercapacitor. This review presents details regarding the materials and electrolyte, and the improvements in the field of supercapacitors.

In quantum computing there are quite a few universal gate sets, each having their own characteristics. In this paper we study the Clifford+CS universal fault-tolerant gate set. The CS gate is used is many applications and this gate set is an important alternative to Clifford+T. We introduce a generating set in order to represent any unitary implementable by this gate set and with this we derive a bound on the CS-count of arbitrary multi-qubit unitaries. Analysing the channel representation of the generating set elements, we infer J n CS ⊂ J n T , where J n CS and J n T are the set of unitaries exactly implementable by the Clifford+CS and Clifford+T gate sets, respectively. We develop CS-count optimal synthesis algorithms for both approximately and exactly implementable multi-qubit unitaries. With the help of these we derive a CS-count-optimal circuit for Toffoli, implying J n Tof = J n CS , where J n Tof is the set of unitaries exactly implementable by the Clifford+Toffoli gate set. Such conclusions can have an important impact on resource estimates of quantum algorithms.

From a cluster randomized control trial in 610 villages, the study evaluates the impact of a community-based information campaign on school outcomes in three Indian states. The campaign consisted of eleven to fourteen public meetings over two rounds in treatment villages to disseminate information to the community about its state-mandated roles and responsibilities in school management. No intervention took place in control villages. The paper reports on the final follow up survey two and half years after the campaign. Providing information improved teacher effort and learning outcomes in schools. Bigger gains were seen in the two states, Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Uttar Pradesh (UP), where baseline level of outcomes was lower than in the third state, Karnataka. The impact on teacher effort, primarily for civil-service teachers with permanent jobs and therefore lower accountability, was between 16%-43% in MP and UP. The shares of children able to do basic mathematics competencies improved. Due to low baseline learning levels, the magnitudes of the percentage increases were much larger compared to the absolute increases in shares. Fewer improvements occurred in language. This can be because of low teaching effectiveness as well as more time needed for larger and wider impacts on learning. School councils became more active after the campaign. Focus group discussions indicated discussions within communities and communities actively bringing up issues with teachers and school councils. Impacts were generally larger or broader than those at midline survey 2–4 months after one round of intervention. Overall providing information holds promise in improving public services via worker accountability.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of gamification on students’ e-learning adoption. In addition, this paper examines the effect of two mediations, that is, flow and engagement between gamification and e-learning adoption by using sequential mediation analysis. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the online survey method to collect the 570 responses through convenience sampling procedure. Sequential mediation analysis technique was used to test the mediation hypothesis. Findings The findings of this paper revealed that gamification elements are an important feature of flow, engagement in e-learning adoption process. Also, the paper found that engagement in the learning process is a key element for students to adopt e-learning. Research limitations/implications This paper makes its contribution to the literature related to gamification and e-learning adoption. The paper signifies the importance of gamification as an educational application in e-learning environment and its contribution in designing an interactive learning environment. Originality/value Empirically, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first paper to examine the sequential mediation model of gamification in the education sector in a developing nation like India. Furthermore, this paper also extends engagement and flow theory related to e-learning process by showing how students’ engagement and flow impact the e-learning adoption in the gamified environment.