Explore the vast range of titles available.

Body composition is often altered in psychiatric disorders. Using genome-wide common genetic variation data, we calculate sex-specific genetic correlations amongst body fat %, fat mass, fat-free mass, physical activity, glycemic traits and 17 psychiatric traits (up to N  = 217,568). Two patterns emerge: (1) anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and education years are negatively genetically correlated with body fat % and fat-free mass, whereas (2) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alcohol dependence, insomnia, and heavy smoking are positively correlated. Anorexia nervosa shows a stronger genetic correlation with body fat % in females, whereas education years is more strongly correlated with fat mass in males. Education years and ADHD show genetic overlap with childhood obesity. Mendelian randomization identifies schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, and higher education as causal for decreased fat mass, with higher body fat % possibly being a causal risk factor for ADHD and heavy smoking. These results suggest new possibilities for targeted preventive strategies. Psychiatric disorders are often accompanied by alterations in BMI and body composition due to changes in eating behaviour and physical activity. Here, Hübel et al. study the genetic overlap between these traits and find that genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders and body composition are sex-specific and evident only in adulthood.

The paper deals with the problem of synthesis of a robust detection algorithm for a harmonic signal on the background of correlated noise and impulse noise. The problem is solved using the empirical Bayes approach and the Tukey model of “pollution”. The efficiency of the algorithm is investigated by the Monte-Carlo method.

Aim. The definition of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent miscarriage (RM) is the loss of two or more pregnancies before 24 weeks of gestation or at any point during pregnancy. The susceptibility to infections can alter the risk of RM/RPL in individuals. Our study utilized a Mendelian Randomisation approach to examine the causal relationship between ten infectious diseases — chickenpox, shingles, mononucleosis, mumps, measles, scarlet fever, bacterial meningitis, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, and COVID-19 — and the subsequent risk of pregnancy loss. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that prior exposure to herpes zoster infections may provide protective effects against idiopathic pregnancy loss.

Aim. Genome–wide association studies (GWAS) effectively identify links between genetic variants and diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene mutations; however, disease severity varies among patients with the same mutations because of other genetic factors. We launched the GIWU–CF study (Genetic Investigation into Western Ukrainian CF) to explore CF's genetic foundation. Conclusions. This research seeks to advance our understanding of CF genetics by integrating individual genetic profiles, thereby contributing to a more nuanced approach to managing and understanding the disease and its complications.

In the work, porous coatings of alumina nanoparticles are investigated. The coatings were formed by various methods. The dependence of the lift height of the nanofluid on its volume was established. The properties of the coating are compared with and without microtrenches.

The thermal resistance of the composite thermal stabilizer and methods for its reduction are investigated. The thermal resistance of thermal stabilizer decreases due to the heat exchange intensification in evaporator by a layer of aluminum oxide nanoparticles. A method of producing aluminum oxide nanoparticles has been developed. The liquid capillary rise height is measured in the layer of nanoparticles. Estimate of the properties stability is obtained in the coating from aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The thermal resistance dependences are obtained on the transferred heat flux for models of thermal stabilizers from steel and aluminum

Aim. We investigated association of a validated in other populations GWAS-identified AD risk locus ADH1B-ADH1C rs1789891 [2-4] with a range of SUDs in Ukrainians and evaluated its potential effects on other traits in GWAS summary statistics from Biobanks. Conclusions. Variations at ADH1B-ADH1C may have pleiotropic effects on SUDs as well as some physical health traits.

The paper presents results of the investigation of the thermal resistance in soil thermal stabilizers in the permafrost region. The schemes of the composite and single thermostabilizers, the dependences of the evaporator temperature of the heat stabilizer are presented. The thermal resistance is presented depending on the refrigerating capacity for Freon R22 and water.

Genetic epidemiology data suggest that younger age of onset is associated with family history (FH) of depression. The present study tested whether the presence of FH for depression or anxiety in first-degree relatives determines younger age of onset for depression. A sample of 1022 cases with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) was recruited at the Max Planck Institute and at two affiliated hospitals. Patients were assessed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and questionnaires including demographics, medical history, questions on the use of alcohol and tobacco, personality traits and life events. Survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model were used to determine whether FH of depression signals earlier age of onset of depression. Patients who reported positive FH had a significantly earlier age of onset than patients who did not report FH of depression (log-rank=48, df=1, p<0.0001). The magnitude of association of FH varies by age of onset, with the largest estimate for MDD onset before age 20 years (hazard ratio=2.2, p=0.0009), whereas FH is not associated with MDD for onset after age 50 years (hazard ratio=0.89, p=0.5). The presence of feelings of guilt, anxiety symptoms and functional impairment due to depressive symptoms appear to characterize individuals with positive FH of depression. FH of depression contributes to the onset of depression at a younger age and may affect the clinical features of the illness.

We analyze the statistical properties of normal galaxies to be detected in the all-sky survey by the eROSITA X-ray telescope of the Spectrum-X-Gamma observatory. With the current configuration and parameters of the eROSITA telescope, the sensitivity of a 4-year-long all-sky survey will be ≈10 −14 erg s −1 in the 0.5–2 keV band. This will allow ∼(1.5–2) × 10 4 normal galaxies with approximately the same contribution of star-forming and elliptical galaxies to be detected. All galaxies of the X-ray survey are expected to enter into the existing far-infrared (IRAS) or near-infrared (2MASS) catalogs; the sample of star-forming galaxies will be approximately equivalent in sensitivity to the sample of star-forming galaxies in the IRAS catalog of infrared sources. Thus, a large homogeneous sample of normal galaxies with measured X-ray, near-infrared, and far-infrared fluxes will be formed. About 90% of the galaxies in the survey are located within ∼200–400 Mpc. A typical (most probable) galaxy will have a luminosity log L X ∼ 40.5–41.0, will be located at a distance of ∼70–90 Mpc, and will be either a star-forming galaxy with a star formation rate of ∼20 M ⊙ yr −1 whose X-ray emission is produced by ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) or an elliptical galaxy with amass log M * ∼ 11.3 emitting through to a hot interstellar gas. The galaxies within 35 Mpc will collectively contain ∼10 2 ULXs with luminosities log L X > 40, ∼80% of whichwill be the only luminous source in the galaxy. Thus, although the angular resolution of the eROSITA telescope is too low for the luminosity function of compact sources in galaxies to be studied in detail, the survey data will allow one to investigate its bright end and, possibly, to impose constraints on the maximum luminosity of ULXs.