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This paper’s persistence is to make an inclusive analysis of 268 documents about specific energy consumption (SEC) in machining operations from 2001 to 2020 in the Scopus database. A systematic approach collects information on SEC documents’ primary data; their types, publications, citations, and predictions are presented. The VOSviewer 1.1.16 and Biblioshiny 2.0 software are used for visualization analysis to show the progress standing of SEC publications. The selection criteria of documents are set for citation analysis. The ranks are assigned to the most prolific and dominant authors, sources, articles, countries, and organizations based on the total citations, number of documents, average total citation, and total link strength. The author-keywords, index-keywords, and text data content analysis has been conducted to find the hotspots and progress trend in SEC in machining operations. The most prolific and dominant article, source, author, organization, and country are Anderson et al. “Laser-assisted machining of Inconel 718 with an economic analysis”, the Int J Mach Tools Manuf, Shin Y.C., form Purdue University Singapore, and United States, respectively, based on total citations as per defined criteria. The author keywords “specific cutting energy” and “surface roughness” dominate the machining operations SEC. SEC’s implication in machining operations review and bibliometric analysis is to deliver an inclusive perception for the scholars working in this field. It is the primary paper that utilizes bibliometric research to analyze the SEC in machining operations publications expansively. It is valuable for scholars to grasp the hotspots in this field in time and help the researchers in the SEC exploration arena rapidly comprehend the expansion status and trend.

An effort is made in this work to appraise the surface characteristics of machined expandable polystyrene (EPS) with a novel 3D printed thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) tool. Linear grooves on EPS were made on a vertical milling machine that was modified to conduct experiments in the laboratory. The tests were designed as per the Taguchi L9 based factorial design of experimentation while varying process parameters such as depth of cut, spindle speed, and feed rate. The machining responses dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the machined grooves were studied. Furthermore, the surface topography of the machined specimens was considered to investigate the mechanism of material removal in response to the processing conditions. Moreover, mathematical models developed for the prediction of the output responses showed a significant correlation with the experimental results. The results of the statistical study indicate that the surface roughness is influenced by the spindle speed and dimensional accuracy by the depth-of-cut. Overall, the findings of the experimental work advocated the feasibility of 3D printed thermoplastic tools for machining soft polymeric materials. It can become a useful alternative for mass and batch production.

Discover the state-of-the-art in multiscale modeling and optimization in manufacturing from two leading voices in the field  Modeling and Optimization in Manufacturing  delivers a comprehensive approach to various manufacturing processes and shows readers how multiscale modeling and optimization processes help improve upon them. The book.

The requirement of cost-effective and ecological production systems is crucial in the competitive market. In this regard, the focus is shifted towards sustainable and cleaner machining processes. Besides the clean technologies, effective parametric control is required for machining materials (such as High Strength Low Alloy Steels) specifically designed for high strength applications having superior physio-chemical properties. Therefore, the machinability complexities require optimized solutions to reduce temperature elevation and tooling costs and improve machining of these materials. Complying to the market needs, this research examines the effectiveness of nanofluid on tool life, wear mechanisms, surface roughness (Ra), surface morphology, and material removal rate (MRR) in turning of 30CrMnSiA (HSLA) using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and SiO 2 -H 2 O nanofluids (NF-MQL). A systematic investigation based on physical phenomena involved is carried out considering four process parameters (cutting speed (V C ), feed rate (F r ), depth of cut (D OC ), and mode of lubrication for machining. F r is found as the vital parameter for surface roughness while MRR is highly influenced by D OC regardless of lubrication approach. One-step sustainability technique is applied, in which process variables used for roughing conditions are analogous to attain surface comparable to finished machining without compromising process efficiency and demonstrate its feasibility through optimal settings under NF-MQL. Multi-response optimization proved the NF-MQL machining condition as the best alternative which result in 28.34% and 5.09% improvements for surface roughness and MRR, respectively. Moreover, the use of SiO 2 is recommended over MQL due to lower energy consumption, low tool wear, and better surface integrity, sustainable liquid, and related costs.

Titanium alloys, especially Ti-6Al-4V, which is considered a difficult-to-cut material, bears numerous applications in aerospace and biomedical sectors. The criticality of the accurate formation of the machined cavity for the said applications and properties of Ti-6Al-4V accentuated the use of electric discharge machining (EDM). However, the issues of lower material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear (TWR) discouraged the use of EDM. These inherent issues hold a pivotal role regarding the sustainable machining of Ti-alloy. Therefore, in this research the potentiality of kerosene-based dielectric, having graphene nanoparticles, is comprehensively examined for the sustainable EDM of Ti-6Al-4V, which was not focused upon yet. Experimentation was performed under Taguchi’s design (L18) with three types of electrodes, namely Aluminum, Brass and Copper. In total, 36 experiments were conducted, of which 18 were with graphene-mixed dielectric and the remaining were with kerosene. Experimental results reveal that the brass electrode with negative tool polarity yields higher MRR for both types of dielectrics. The maximum MRR (7.602 mm3/min) achieved with graphene mixed dielectric is 64.5% greater as compared to that obtained with kerosene (4.621 mm3/min). Moreover, the minimum TWR obtained for graphene-based dielectric, i.e., 0.17 mg/min is approximately 1.5 times less than that achieved with kerosene.

The three-dimensional molded interconnected device (3D-MID) has received considerable attention because of the growing demand for greater functionality and miniaturization of electronic parts. Polymer based composite are the primary choice to be used as substrate. These materials enable flexibility in production from macro to micro-MID products, high fracture toughness when subjected to mechanical loading, and they are lightweight. This survey proposes a detailed review of different types of 3D-MID modules, also presents the requirement criteria for manufacture a polymer substrate and the main surface modification techniques used to enhance the polymer substrate. The findings presented here allow to fundamentally understand the concept of 3D-MID, which can be used to manufacture a novel polymer composite substrate.

Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) play an imperative role in many real-world applications in a variety of scenarios characterized by a high density of obstacles with different heights. Due to the complicated operation areas of UAVs and complex constraints associated with the assigned mission, there should be a suitable path to fly. Therefore, the most relevant challenge is how to plan a flyable path for a UAV without collisions with obstacles. This paper demonstrates how a flyable and continuous trajectory was constructed by using any-angle pathfinding algorithms, which are Basic Theta*, Lazy Theta*, and Phi* algorithms for a multirotor UAV in a cluttered environment. The three algorithms were modified by adopting a modified cost function during their implementation that considers the elevation of nodes. First, suitable paths are generated by using a modified version of the three algorithms. After that, four Bézier curves-based approaches are proposed to smooth the generated paths to be converted to flyable paths (trajectories). To determine the most suitable approach, particularly when searching for an optimal and collision-free trajectory design, an innovative evaluation process is proposed and applied in a variety of different size environments. The evaluation process results show high success rates of the four approaches; however, the approach with the highest success rate is adopted. Finally, based on the results of the evaluation process, a novel algorithm is proposed to increase the efficiency of the selected approach to the optimality in the construction process of the trajectory.

The COVID-19 pandemic has halted economic activities and made business dynamics much more challenging by introducing several additional operational, structural, and managerial constraints. The problem has affected global supply chains in many ways, and has questioned their long-term continuity. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 is an emerging phenomenon. However, there is a need to investigate how Industry 4.0 technologies may play a potential role in sustaining business operations to ease unprecedented causalities. The current research aims to investigate the potentiality of Industry 4.0 technologies to solve the COVID-19 challenges for long term sustainability. From an exploratory literature analysis coupled with the Delphi method, keeping in view the situation of the pandemic, ten challenge groups that have affected global business dynamics were identified. A questionnaire was developed with the aim of accumulating industrial and academic experts to evaluate the degree of influence and interrelationship among the identified challenges. The Decision Making, Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach was deployed to further analyze the challenges for the categorization of these into causes and effects, further prioritizing them for better decision making. The prioritized challenges from the list of causes were governmental policies and support, followed by real access to customers and a lack of infrastructure. Additionally, these challenges were further evaluated through the expert opinion of Industry 4.0 systems experts and strategic-level supply chain experts to potentially gauge the potency of Industry 4.0 technologies to solve COVID-19-induced challenges. The outcomes of this research (which used Delphi integrated with a DEMATEL approach) are expected to support businesses in formulating strategies with the aim of business continuity in combating future disruptions caused by COVID-19-like pandemics.

Now-a-days, the application of hard tuning with CBN tool has been massively increased because the hard turning is a good alternative to grinding process. However, there are some issues that need to be addressed related to the CBN grades and their particular applications in the area of hard turning process. This experimental study investigated the effects of three different grades of CBN insert on the cutting forces and surface roughness. The process of hard turning was made using the AISI H13 die tool steel at containing different hardness (45 HRC, 50 HRC and 55 HRC) levels. The work material were selected on the basis of its application in the die making industries in a range of hardness of 45–55 HRC. Optimization by the central composite design approach has been used for design and analysis. The present study reported that the cutting forces and surface roughness are influenced by the alloying elements and percentage of CBN in the cutting tool material. The work material hardness, feed rate and cutting speed are found to be statistically significant on the responses. Furthermore, a comparative performance between the three different grades of CBN inserts has been shown on the cutting forces and surface roughness at different workpiece hardness. To obtain the optimum parameters from multiple responses, desirability approach has been used. The novelty/robustness of the present study is represented by its great contribution to solve practical industrial application when is developed a new process using different CBN grades for hard turning and die makers of workpiece having the hardness between 45 and 55 HRC.

The manufacturing of parts from nickel-based superalloy, such as Inconel-800 alloy, represents a challenging task for industrial sites. Their performances can be enhanced by using a smart cutting fluid approach considered a sustainable alternative. Further, to innovate the cooling strategy, the researchers proposed an improved strategy based on the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). It has an advantage over flood cooling because it allows better control of its parameters (i.e., compressed air, cutting fluid). In this study, the machinability of superalloy Inconel-800 has been investigated by performing different turning tests under MQL conditions, where no previous data are available. To reduce the numerous numbers of tests, a target objective was applied. This was used in combination with the response surface methodology (RSM) while assuming the cutting force input ( F c ), potential of tool wear (VB max ), surface roughness ( R a ), and the length of tool–chip contact ( L ) as responses. Thereafter, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) strategy was embedded to detect the significance of the proposed model and to understand the influence of each process parameter. To optimize other input parameters (i.e., cutting speed of machining, feed rate, and the side cutting edge angle (cutting tool angle)), two advanced optimization algorithms were introduced (i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO) along with the teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) approach). Both algorithms proved to be highly effective for predicting the machining responses, with the PSO being concluded as the best amongst the two. Also, a comparison amongst the cooling methods was made, and MQL was found to be a better cooling technique when compared to the dry and the flood cooling.