Explore the vast range of titles available.

Ten compounds (1~10) were successfully isolated from green algae Ulva prolifera through the combination of silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and repeated preparative thin-layer chromatography. These ten compounds showed antialgal activity against red tide microalgae. Among them, compounds 3, 6, and 7 showed stronger antialgal activity against red tide microalgae. Furthermore, their structure was identified on the basis of spectroscopic data. There are three glycoglycerolipids: 1-O-octadecanoic acid-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol (2), 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol (4), and 1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-oleoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol (5); two monoglycerides: glycerol monopalmitate (1), 9-hexadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (3); two terpenoids: loliolide (6) and lsololiolide (7); one lipid-soluble pigments: zeaxanthin (8); one sterol: cholest-5-en-3-ol (9); and one alkaloid: pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione (10). These compounds were isolated from U. prolifera for the first time, and compounds 2, 3, 5, and 8 were isolated from marine macroalgae for the first time.

Seven antialgal compounds ( 1 – 7 ) were successfully isolated from the red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis through a combination of silica gel column chromatography and repeated preparative thin-layer chromatography. On the basis of the spectral data, the compounds were identified as gossonorol ( 1 ), 7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol ( 2 ), glycerol monopalmitate ( 3 ), stigmasterol ( 4 ), 15-hydroxymethyl-2, 6, 10, 18, 22, 26, 30-heptamethyl-14-methylene-17-hentriacontene ( 5 ), 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol ( 6 ), and margaric acid ( 7 ). These seven compounds were isolated from G. lemaneiformis for the first time, while the compounds 4 , 6 , and 7 were isolated from marine macroalgae for the first time. Furthermore, a quantitative relationship between the inhibition of algal growth and the concentration of each antialgal compound was determined and important parameters for future practical HAB control, e.g., EC 50-96h , were also obtained. The results indicated that isolated compounds 1–7 possess selective antialgal activity against the growth of several red tide microalgae (including Amphidinium carterae , Heterosigma akashiwo , Karenia mikimitoi , Phaeocystis globsa , Prorocentrum donghaiense , and Skeletonema costatum ). Their antialgal activity against test red tide microalgae has not been previously reported. Furthermore, the EC 50-96h of one or more of the compounds towards the tested red microalgae was not only significantly less than 10 μg/mL but also was smaller than that of the characteristic antialgal agent potassium dichromate. The study demonstrates that compounds 1–7 possess significant application potential as antialgal agents against several harmful red tide microalgae.

Previous studies showed that methanol extracts from Porphyra yezoensis significantly inhibited Karenia mikimitoi and Skeletonema costatum . Five sesquiterpenoids ( 1 – 5 ) were successfully isolated from this marine macroalga through a combination of silica gel column chromatography and repeated preparative thin-layer chromatography in this paper. Their structure was identified as gossonorol ( 1 ), 7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol ( 2 ), cyclonerodiol ( 3 ), cadinol, ( 4 ) and 4-cadinen-1-ol ( 5 ) on the basis of spectroscopic data. These sesquiterpenoids were isolated from Porphyra yezoensis for the first time, and cyclonerodiol ( 3 ) and cadinol ( 4 ) isolated from marine macroalgae for the first time. Further, a quantitative relationship between the inhibition of algal growth and the concentration of each antialgal sesquiterpenoid (gossonorol, 7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol and cyclonerodiol) was determined and important parameters, e.g., EC 50-96h for future practical HAB control are to be obtained. Results showed that three sesquiterpenoids ( 1 – 3 ) had selective antialgal activity against the growth of red tide microalgae ( Amphidinium carterae , Heterosigma akashiwo , Karenia mikimitoi , Phaeocystis globosa , Prorocentrum donghaiense , and Skeletonema costatum ). More than two test red tide microalgae were significantly inhibited by these three sesquiterpenoids ( 1 – 3 ). Their antialgal activity against red tide microalgae has not been previously reported. Furthermore, EC 50-96h of gossonorol ( 1 ) and 7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol ( 2 ) for specific test red microalgae were not only significantly less than 10 μg/mL, but also were smaller than/or very close to those of potassium dichromate. Gossonorol ( 1 ) and 7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol ( 2 ) possessed good application potential than potassium dichromate as a characteristic antialgal agent against the specific harmful red tide microalgae ( Heterosigma akashiwo , Phaeocystis globosa , and Prorocentrum donghaiense ) (or Heterosigma akashiwo and Karenia mikimitoi ).

We tested the effects of solvent fractions (F A , F B , F C , and F D ), which partitioned by liquid-liquid extraction from the methanol extract of Ulva pertusa , on the growth of red tide microalgae ( Karenia mikimitoi , Skeletonema costatum , Alexandrium tamarense, Heterosigma akashiwo , Prorocentrum donghaiense ), and F A , F B , and F C exhibited significantly antialgal activity. The chemical constituent analysis showed the existence of bioactive compounds such as phenols and alkaloids. Further, four solvent fractions were applied to silica gel column and repeated preparative TLC to produce 13 samples and their purity qualified as thin-layer chromatographic grade. Among these purified samples, F A111 , F B411, F C411 , F D111 , and F D211 exhibited stronger antialgal activity. Furthermore, their functional groups were analyzed by colorimetric methods and UV spectra data. F D111 and F D211 were temptatively identified as alkaloids; the others were initially identified as phenolic acids. This is a preliminary study and the structure identification of these purified samples requires further investigation. While concentration of these purified samples in this algae was very small, they showed excellent effects against red tide microalgae.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major type of NSCLC and has high morbidity and mortality. The identification of useful prognostic biomarkers for LUAD is important. CBX7 has been reported in various cancers yet its expression level and potential roles have not been fully understood. GEPIA, Oncomine, TCGA, KM plotter and OSluca databases were used to explore the expression profile and prognostic effects of CBX7 mRNA expression in patients with LUAD. TIMER was used to explore the relationship between CBX7 and immune infiltrating cells. GSEA was used to further explore the potential biological process and pathways regulated by CBX7 in LUAD. Lastly, IHC detection of CBX7 in 95 samples was used to validate the result. We found CBX7 was downregulated in LUAD in GEPIA, Oncomine and TCGA databases. TCGA, KM plotter and OSluca databases suggested that CBX7 was associated with poor clinical outcomes and low survival rate. Using TIMER, we found that CBX7 might be associated with immune infiltration. Via gene set enrichment analysis, we found that tumor-associated biological processes and signaling pathways were enriched in the CBX7 downregulated group. Using clinical samples, we found that CBX7 protein has low expression in LUAD and was associated with poor survival. CBX7 might serve as a promising biomarker and potential molecular target in LUAD.

Background. Ex vivo culture of intact embryonic kidney has become a powerful system for studying renal development. However, few methods have been available for gene manipulation and have impeded the identification and investigation of genes in this developmental process. Results. Here we systemically compared eight different serotypes of pseudotyped self-complementary adenoassociated viruses (scAAVs) transduction in cultured embryonic kidney with a modified culture procedure. We demonstrated that scAAV was highly effective in delivering genes into and expressing in compacted tissues. scAAV serotypes 2 and 8 exhibited higher efficiency of transduction compared to others. Expression kinetics assay revealed that scAAV can be used for gene manipulation at the study of UB branching and nephrogenesis. Repressing WT1 in cultured kidney using shRNA impairs tubule formation. We for the first time employed and validated scAAV as a gene delivery tool in cultured kidney. Conclusions. These findings are expected to expedite the use of the ex vivo embryonic kidney cultures for kidney development research. For other ex vivo cultured organ models, scAAV could also be a promising tool for organogenesis study.

Spin-orbit-coupled Mott iridates show great similarity with parent compounds of superconducting cuprates, attracting extensive research interests especially for their electron-doped states. However, previous experiments are largely limited within a small doping range due to the absence of effective dopants, and therefore the electron-doped phase diagram remains elusive. Here we utilize an ionic-liquid-gating induced protonation method to achieve electron-doping into a 5d Mott-insulator built with SrIrO3/SrTiO3 superlattice, and achieve a systematic mapping of its electron-doped phase diagram with the evolution of the iridium valence state from 4+ to 3+, equivalent to doping of one electron per iridium ion. Along increasing doping level, the parent Mott-insulator is first turned into a localized metallic state with gradually suppressed magnetic ordering, and then further evolved into a nonmagnetic band insulating state. This work forms an important step forward for the study of electron-doped Mott iridate systems, and the strategy of manipulating the band filling in an artificially designed superlattice structure can be readily extended into other systems with more exotic states to explore.

Background： Myopathies with rimnled vacuoles are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders with progressive muscle weakness and varied clinical manifestations but similar features in muscle biopsies. Here, we describe a novel autosomal dominant myopathy with rimmed vacuoles in a large family with 11 patients of three generations affected. Methods： A clinical study including family history, obstetric, pediatric, and development history was recorded. Clinical examinations including physical examination, electromyography （EMG）, serum creatine kinase （CK）, bone X-rays, and brain magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） were performed in this family. Open muscle biopsies were performed on the proband and his mother. To find the causative gene, the whole-exome sequencing was carried out. Results： Disease onset was from adolescence to adulthood, but the affected patients of the third generation presented an earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations than the older generations. Clinical features were characterized as dysarthria, dysphagia, external ophthalmoplegia, limb weakness, hypophrenia, deafness, and impaired vision. However, not every patient manifested all symptoms. Serum CK was mildly elevated and EMG indicated a myopathic pattern. Brain MRI showed cerebellum and brain stem mildly atrophy. Rimmed vacuoles and inclusion bodies were observed in muscle biopsy. The whole-exome sequencing was performed, but the causative gene has not been found. Conclusions： We reported a novel autosomal dominant myopathy with rimmed vacuoles characterized by dysarthria, dysphagia, external ophthalmoplegia, limb weakness, hypophrenia, deafness, and impaired vision, but the causative gene has not been tbund and needs further study.