Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
312
result(s) for
"Pugh, Martin"
Sort by:
Britain & Islam
An eye-opening history of Britain and the Islamic world-a thousand-year relationship that is closer, deeper, and more mutually beneficial than is often recognized. In this broad yet sympathetic survey-ranging from the Crusades to the modern day-Martin Pugh explores the social, political, and cultural encounters between Britain and Islam. He looks, for instance, at how reactions against the Crusades led to Anglo-Muslim collaboration under the Tudors, at how Britain posed as defender of Islam in the Victorian period, and at her role in rearranging the Muslim world after 1918. Pugh argues that, contrary to current assumptions, Islamic groups have often embraced Western ideas, including modernization and liberal democracy. He shows how the difficulties and Islamophobia that Muslims have experienced in Britain since the 1970s are largely caused by an acute crisis in British national identity. In truth, Muslims have become increasingly key participants in mainstream British society-in culture, sport, politics, and the economy.
Book
High entropy oxides as promising materials for thermal barrier topcoats: a review
Multi-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are deposited on gas turbine metallic components to protect them against high temperatures, oxidation, and corrosion. However, TBCs have limited working temperatures and lifetimes due to their material properties. Several approaches are tested to increase TBC topcoats' phase stability and properties. Increasing entropy to stabilize phases is a concept introduced in 2004 and required decreasing the Gibbs free energy. Many high entropy ceramics are developed for structural and functional applications, and different types of high entropy oxides (HEOs) are promising TBC ceramics due to their unique characteristics. HEOs are single-phase solid solutions that contain five or more cations, usually a mixture of transition metals and rare-earth elements. Due to the cocktail effect, the final material has a different behavior from its constituents, making it a viable method to improve the properties of traditional materials. Generally, high entropy materials are characterized by three additional phenomena: sluggish diffusion, severe lattice distortion, and high entropy. A review of possible improvements in the lifetime of TBC topcoats using different HEOs in terms of their composition, properties, and stability is presented here. Different HEOs are then examined, and various thermophysical properties, high-temperature stability, and sintering resistance are discussed.
Journal Article
State and society : a social and political history of Britain since 1870
'State and Society' interprets political and social developments since the late Victorian era, with the relationship between the British state and its citizens as a central theme.
Book
The Ejecta Nebula Around the Wolf–Rayet Star WR 71
We present deep Hα and [O iii] images of the ejecta-rich nebulosity associated with the suspected runaway and binary Wolf–Rayet (WR) star WR 71 (HD 143414). In Hα emission, the nebula appears as a crescent shaped, broken ring of clumpy emission some 9′×13′ in angular size centered to the south and west of the WR star. At a Gaia estimated distance of 4.27 kpc, the nebula has physical dimensions of 11 × 16 pc making it one of the larger known ejecta rich WR ring nebulae. Our [O III] image also show considerable surrounding faint nebulosity much of which may be unrelated to the WR star. A comparison of the nebula’s optical appearance with that seen in Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 22 μm data shows infrared coincidence with the nebula’s brightest [O III] emission features. Deep Hα and [O III] images like those presented here suggests that new and substantially deeper imaging reconnaissance of WR stars compared to earlier surveys may lead to additional WR ring nebula detections, thereby enhancing our understanding on the frequency and formation of WR ring nebulae.
Journal Article
Women and the women's movement in Britain since 1914
\"This new edition of an established text brings the history of the women's movement in Britain right up to the present day. Updated and expanded, the third edition features a new final chapter focusing on the parliamentary breakthrough of 1997 and the likely impact of women in the upcoming general election. Another major addition is the study of the effects of the Thatcher era on a generation of women, from a greater distance. The book has been thoroughly revised throughout to analyse the themes and developments of the new millennium, including women's employment, women and liberal society, and women in public life. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Pore structure, porosity and compressive strength of highly porous reaction-bonded silicon nitride ceramics with various grain morphologies
Complex characteristics of the pores and properties of porous reaction-bonded Si3N4 have been investigated and correlated with the microstructure of Si3N4 grains. Porous ceramics with porosities of ≤ 75 vol% and α-Si3N4 matte grains (α/β phase ratio of 1.5) or α-Si3N4 whiskers (α/β phase ratio of 0.36) were prepared by in situ nitridation of silicon powder. To obtain various microstructures by α → β-phase transformation and grain morphology modification, samples were heat-treated at 1700 °C while embedded in a Si3N4 powder bed containing MgO. By the growth of α-matte or β-Si3N4 grains on the pore walls, highly interconnected structures with spherical cavities and unimodal pore size distributions resulted with d50 ≈ 8.8 µm and ≈ 6.5 µm, respectively. In contrast, α-whiskers grew inside the pore cavities; thus, complex and irregular inter-particle pores appeared which generated an extra peak near d50 ≈ 1 µm forming a bimodal pore size distribution. Compared to the α-matte grains, α-whiskers densified upon heat treatment and produced a large drop in porosity, which resulted in a structure with less interconnectivity. As a consequence of growth of fine β-rods, pore walls became relatively smooth and whisker free; thus, inter-cluster channels were modified to spherical cavities with d50 ≈ 3.7 µm. Samples exhibiting networked whiskers and fine pores or low porosity demonstrated higher compressive strength than the interconnected structures with spherical cavities.
Journal Article
Deep Optical Images of the Ejecta Nebula around the Wolf–Rayet Star WR 8 (HD 62910)
We report the results of deep Hα and [O iii] images of the bright WN6/WC4 Wolf–Rayet (WR) star WR 8 (HD 62910). These data show considerably more surrounding nebulosity than seen in prior imaging. The brighter portions of the nebula span ≃6′ in diameter and exhibit considerable fine-scale structure including numerous emission clumps and bright head-tail-like features, presumably due to the effects of the WR star’s stellar winds. Due to the overlap of a relatively bright band of unrelated foreground diffuse interstellar Hα emission, WR 8’s nebula is best viewed via its [O iii] emission. A faint 9′×13′ diffuse outer nebulosity is detected surrounding the nebula’s main ring of emission. Comparison of the nebula’s optical structure with that seen in Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 22 μm data shows a similarly clumpy structure but within a better-defined emission shell of thermal continuum from dust. The infrared shell is coincident with the nebula’s southern [O iii] emissions but is mainly seen in the fainter outer portions of the northern [O iii] emission clumps. It is this greater radial distance of dust emission in the nebula’s northern areas that leads to a striking off-center position of the WR star from the IR shell.
Journal Article
Optimization of the Electrospun Niobium–Tungsten Oxide Nanofibers Diameter Using Response Surface Methodology
The present research aimed to investigate the effect of working parameters on the electrospinning of niobium–tungsten oxide nanofibers and optimize the process using central composite design (CCD) based on the response surface methodology (RSM). An experiment was designed to assess the effects of five variables including the applied voltage (V), spinning distance (D), polymer concentration (P), flow rate (F), and addition of NaCl (N) on the resulting diameter of the nanofibers. Meanwhile, a second-order prediction model of nanofibers diameter was fitted and verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the diameter of the nanofibers was significantly influenced by all the variables except the flow rate. Some second-order and cross factor interactions such as VD, DP, PF, PN, and P2 also have significant effects on the diameter of the nanofibers. The results of the ANOVA yielded R2 and adjusted R2 values of 0.96 and 0.93 respectively, this affirmed that the predictive model fitted well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the process parameters were optimized using the CCD method and a maximum desirability function of 226 nm was achieved for the diameter of the nanofibers. This is very close to the 233 nm diameter obtained from a confirmatory experiment using the optimum conditions. Therefore, the model is representative of the process, and it could be used for future studies for the reduction of the diameter of electrospun nanofibers.
Journal Article
The influence of the nitriding parameters on the microstructure and strength of the open-cell reaction bonded silicon nitride foams fabricated via wet processing
In this study, the parameters which influence strength of the open-cell reaction bonded silicon nitride foams were investigated. These parameters include the monomer content in the suspension, the porosity level of the foam, the nitriding atmosphere including N
2
and N
2
–4 %H
2
, and the nitriding temperature ranging from 1350 to 1425 °C. The nitriding mechanisms dominating under different nitriding conditions were also studied based on the phase and microstructural analysis. It was observed that there is a minimum monomer concentration of 25 wt% required in the premix solution to obtain a defect-free and homogeneous RBSN foam. Increasing the monomer content only from 15 to 20 wt% resulted in a threefold increase in the foam strength. The high porosity level of the foam which is above 70 vol% significantly affects the nitriding mechanisms and microstructures compared to those of dense RBSN ceramics. The maximum strength was obtained for the foams nitrided under N
2
–H
2
atmospheres, and the nitriding temperature had a negligible effect on the foam strength when H
2
is present in the atmosphere. α-Si
3
N
4
is also the dominant phase in the microstructure in the presence of H
2
regardless of the nitriding temperature. It was observed that β-Si
3
N
4
can also be present in high quantities when N
2
atmospheres are used. β-Si
3
N
4
is present in the microstructures in two different morphologies including interlocking rods and angular grains. Each morphology forms based on a specific nitriding mechanism.
Journal Article
Sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride foams with a high level of interconnected porosity
Sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN) foams with very high porosity levels of up to 85 vol% and pore interconnectivity have been fabricated in this study. SRBSN foams were fabricated based on gel-casting of Si-PMMA suspensions followed by nitriding and sintering. The addition of MgO and Y
2
O
3
–Al
2
O
3
as sintering additives resulted in significant changes in the foam microstructure. Small amounts of MgO completely prevented the whisker-forming reactions during nitridation while the addition of Y
2
O
3
–Al
2
O
3
could not prevent whisker formation during nitridation. It was observed that regardless of the sintering aid system, SRBSN foams were whisker-free and revealed high pore interconnectivity after sintering. The SRBSN foam struts were only composed of β-Si
3
N
4
grains embedded in an intergranular amorphous phase.
Journal Article