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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is prevalent among young women and may influence both mental well-being and circadian patterns. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) has been associated with circadian rhythm disruptions, as circadian rhythms regulate physiological and biological functions throughout the day. This study investigates the impact of PMS on mental health and its association with chronotype and social jetlag among nursing students. This cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study included 98 female nursing students enrolled at a university during the spring semester of 2023. Participants who provided informed consent via Google Forms were classified into PMS and without PMS groups according to their Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) scores. Data were collected using the PMSS, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Social Jetlag Questionnaire. The participants’ mean age was 21.13 ± 1.46 years, their mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.75 ± 3.04, and the mean total PMSS score was 135.45 ± 42.64. Students with PMS exhibited significantly higher depression ( p  < 0.001, O. R  = 1.126) and anxiety scores ( p  < 0.001, O. R  = 1.094) than those without PMS. PMS presence significantly affected both depression and anxiety scores ( p  < 0.001, Std. Beta = 0.474; p  < 0.001, Std. Beta = 0.429, respectively). No statistically significant impact of PMS on social jetlag or chronotype was observed. However, in the group with PMS, a positive and significant correlation was found between PMSS total score and social jetlag ( r  = 0.351, p  = 0.013) and BAI total scores ( r  = 0.350, p  = 0.013). This study demonstrates that PMS significantly affects the mental health of nursing students, as those with PMS reported higher levels of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the finding that social jetlag and anxiety increased as PMS severity increased suggests that circadian rhythm irregularities may be a factor to consider in symptom management. This study has some limitations, including the use of self-reported data and a relatively small sample size, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. It is recommended that future research should confirm these relationships with larger samples and longitudinal designs.

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of mental disorders has increased in fibromyalgia (FM). Therefore, individuals’ pain perception, emotional schemas, and coping strategies are important. Our study aims to examine emotional schemas and metacognitive levels in FM. Methods: The study included 88 FM and 88 healthy controls who consecutively presented to the clinic. All participants completed the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale-II (LESS-II) and the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30). Patients were also administered the Polysymptomatic Distress scale (PSD) and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Results: The study included 88 FM patients and 88 controls. In the study, the LESS-II total score and MCQ-30 score were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). When examining the factors affecting FIQ severity, LESS-II scores and gender variables were found to be variables predicting FIQ values (p = 0.002, p = 0.002, respectively). When looking at the factors affecting the PSD score, the LESS-II score is a significant variable predicting the PSD score (p = 0.029). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that FM patients have higher levels of negative emotional schemas compared to healthy controls, and that emotional schemas are associated with both FM symptom severity and the impact of the disease on daily life. In particular, that LESS-II scores predict PSD scores and that LESS-II and gender variables predict FIQ scores suggests that symptom burden and functional effects in FM may be closely related to cognitive-emotional processes. The findings support the importance of considering emotional schemas in FM assessment and treatment approaches.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of attachment on the relationship between Panic Dısorder (PD) and Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD). Methods 76 patients with PD, who consecutively applied to the Psychiatry outpatient clinic of Rize Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital between 1 April 2023 and 1 December 2023, and 79 healthy individuals were included in the study. The Panic Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA), and Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) were administered to the participants who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Results In the study, it was found that the prevalence of ASAD was statistically significantly higher in patients with PD (66%) than in healthy individuals (34%) ( p  < 0.05). In the model created to examine the mediating effect of attachment on the relationship between PD and ASAD, it was observed that only ASAD had a direct effect on the development of PD (β = 0.063, 95% CI: 0.053, 0.306, p  = 0.006). On the other hand, it was found that attachment styles did not play a mediating role in this relationship, either directly or indirectly ( p  > 0.05). Conclusion The study found that the prevalence of ASAD and insecure attachment problems was higher in patients with PD compared to healthy individuals. It was observed that there was no mediating effect of attachment in the relationship between PD and ASAD. On the other hand, it was determined that ASAD had a direct effect on the development of PD.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disease with symptoms such as brain fog, widespread body pain, sleep disturbances, and mood changes, and its etiology is not clearly understood. Our main aim in this study was to evaluate emotional eating and emotional dysregulation in patients with FM and examine the possible effects of these disorders on disease severity. This observational study included 94 patients with FM (6 males, 88 females; mean age: 44.64 ± 9.04 years; range, 19-65 years) and 76 controls (7 males, 69 females; mean age: 41.91 ± 10.874 years; range, 18-64 years). The patient and control group participants completed a form including sociodemographic data. Participants also completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). In unadjusted comparisons, DERS-goals and DERS-strategies scores were higher in the FM group than in controls; however, these differences did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. In the linear regression model, it was found that the total score of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-Total) ( = 0.010) was the only variable that significantly affected the FIQ value. Even though the patient group had slightly higher EEQ scores, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( = 0.721). Emotional regulation difficulties were associated with FM symptom severity, whereas emotional eating did not differ significantly between groups and was not associated with symptom severity. These findings suggest that emotion-related psychological processes should be considered within the biopsychosocial framework of FM.

Objective Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a significant mental health problem, frequently comorbid with both physical and psychiatric disorders. The association between MDD and obesity is not fully understood. Eating motivations (EMs), which relate to why and how individuals choose to eat, may be associated with disorders like obesity and MDD. Hopelessness and suicidal ideation are common symptoms of MDD. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between EMs, depression, body mass index (BMI), hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in normal-weight and obese MDD groups compared to healthy controls. Method The study included 50 patients with MDD and normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9), 50 patients with MDD and obesity (BMI > 30), and 50 healthy control participants (BMI 18.5–24.9). The majority of participants were women (74% in obese MDD, 70% in normal-weight MDD, 56% in the control group). The age of the groups was similar for the normal-weight MDD and control groups, but the obese MDD group was older (control: 32.72 ± 10.07, normal-weight MDD 33.42 ± 10.24, obese MDD 39.52 ± 10.67, p = 0.002). Regarding BMI, it was as follows: control: 21.61 ± 1.92, normal-weight MDD 23.54 ± 3.60, and obese MDD 35.30 ± 5.07. Sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Inventory, Suicide Ideation Scale and Eating Motivation Questionnaire were administered. Results No significant differences were found between the MDD groups in terms of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Inventory (BHI), and Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS) scores. Significant differences were observed among all groups in most subtypes of EMs. In the obese MDD group, habits, traditional eating, price, visual appeal, and affect regulation were correlated with suicide attempts. Only traditional eating remained associated with suicide attempts, where a one-unit increase in the traditional eating score explained a 0.724-unit increase in suicide attempts. Additionally, emotion regulation was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation in the obese MDD group, where a one-unit increase in emotion regulation explained a 0.885-unit increase in suicidal ideation. Conclusions The differentiation between suicidal ideation and EMs in obese and normal-weight MDD groups is crucial. The observed differences in EMs among the three groups with similar sociocultural characteristics are noteworthy. Clinicians should assess eating motivations as part of suicide risk evaluations in patients with comorbid MDD and obesity. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships between these variables.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that is common worldwide, and it is characterized by depressive and manic or hypomanic episodes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychological resilience on treatment adherence and functionality in patients diagnosed with BD. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 111 patients, 56 women and 55 men, who were followed up with a diagnosis of BD. A Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) were used as data collection tools. A significant negative relationship was found between the RSA scores and FAST scores of the patients (r =-0.762; p<0.001). It was observed that resilience predicted functionality and treatment adherence. It was determined that each 1-unit increase in RSA scores caused a 0.021unit decrease in functionality scores (p<0.001). It was observed that each 1-unit increase in RSA total scores increased the probability of good treatment adherence by 1.336 times (p<0.001). In our study, it was observed that high psychological resilience had positive effects on functionality and treatment adherence in patients with BD.

Food neophobia is an aversion or reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods. The aim of this study was to establish the Turkish validity and reliability of the Food Neophobia Scale, which is used to measure the fear of trying new foods, in the adolescent age group. The study was conducted with high school students in the province of Rize during the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample of the study was comprised of 466 students in 13-18 age range. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and the Food Neophobia Scale. To assess the validity and reliability of the scale, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient were used. The mean age of the students included in the study was 15.4±1.1 years 50.6% were male. The items in the scale used in the study were found to have sufficient correlation and the dataset was suitable for factor analysis (KMO=0.747; Bartlett's sphericity test, p<0.001). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the scale had a good model fit (χ²=3.78, p<0.001). The Cronbach α internal consistency coefficient for the scale integrity was 0.71. The Turkish Food Neophobia Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. The scale can determine food neophobia in adolescents aged 13-18.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of mood and eating disorders, chronotype, and social jetlag in a cohort of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 70 patients, 35 with PCOS and 35 healthy controls, aged between 18 and 40 years, were included in the study. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Five different questionnaires, namely the “Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ)”, “Social Jetlag Status (SJL)”, “Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)”, “Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)”, and “Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)”, were administered to patients with and without PCOS, and the “total questionnaire scores” of both groups were compared. Results: In addition to BMI (p = 0.004), serum insulin (p < 0.001), HOMAIR (p < 0.001), total testosterone (p = 0.006), DHEAS (p = 0.004), and LH (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in the controls. BAI (p = 0.006), BDI (p = 0.007), and NEQ (p = 0.013) scores of participants with PCOS were significantly higher than those in the control group, while MEQ scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.005). When categorized according to the total test scores, the number of individuals with moderate and severe anxiety was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (p = 0.030). Morningness was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group, whereas eveningness was higher than that in the control group (p = 0.013). There was no difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of the number of individuals with SJL ≥ 2 h and night eating disorders. The NEQ score was positively correlated with BAI, BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Both the BDI and BAI scores were positively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone levels. Conclusions: PCOS can lead to mood, appetite, and circadian rhythm issues through variations in chronotype. PCOS-related endocrine, metabolic, and adiposity factors influence mood, eating habits, and chronotype disorders.

Background: This research aimed to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of psychological resilience (PR) on the association between childhood trauma (CT) and the development of depression. Methods: This study included 94 cases who consecutively applied to the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Rize Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between 1 June 2023 and 1 December 2023 and were diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In addition, 83 healthy individuals (control group) were also included. Participants administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results: In the context of this research, the mediating effect of PR between CT and depression development was investigated. When examining the mediating role of PR on the association between CT and depression, it was found that CT statistically significantly influenced disease severity directly (B = 0.158, SE = 0.0398, z = 3.98, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.0759, 0.232]), while it also influenced disease severity indirectly through PR (B = 0.193, SE = 0.028, z = 6.88, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.1343, 0.244]). It was revealed that PR mediated the association between CT and depressive symptoms partially. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PR has a mediating effect on the relationship between CT and MDD. These results provide new contributions to the existing literature. Interventions that increase psychological resilience may positively contribute to the treatment of patients with MDD who have suffered from CT.

Psychiatric disorders are very common all over the world, cause significant disability, and impose a heavy burden on both the individual and the society due to the loss of workforce. Unlike other diseases, phenomenological structure is still used in the diagnosis of mental disorders. The etiology of psychiatric disorders is not fully known. Because of this situation, treatment for the etiology cannot be performed. Treatment of psychiatric disorders differs from person to person, according to genetic characteristics. Existing treatment approaches take time to take effect, and resistance and unresponsiveness to treatment constitute serious problems in a significant portion of patients. Understanding the etiology and psychopathological processes of mental disorders is extremely important in terms of developing new treatment strategies. The number of studies aimed at understanding the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is increasing rapidly. New pharmacological approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and sleep disorders, which have come to the fore in this field in recent years, have created excitement. Studies examining the effects of naltrexone/bupropion and phentermine/topiramate extended-release forms in the treatment of obesity are promising. Similarly, it is interesting to suggest that dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist agent, may be a suitable option for the treatment of delirium. One of the promising psychopharmacological treatment approaches in recent years is the use of Orexin Receptor Antagonists (ORAs) in the treatment of insomnia. It has the potential to revolutionize the pharmacological treatment of insomnia. In this article, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by reviewing studies on current and new pharmacological treatment approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and insomnia.