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"Qin, Jin"
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Choline chloride-lactic acid deep eutectic solvent for delignification and nanocellulose production of moso bamboo
A facile, green and economical method for the high-efficiency utilization and functionalization of bamboo fiber could significantly improve the development of biomass industries. Here, we demonstrated a deep eutectic solvent, which formed from choline chloride (ChCl) and lactic acid (LC), as pretreating agent to delignify moso bamboo (
Phyllostachys pubescens
) and produce nanocellulose. The results showed that most of the lignin was efficiently removed (94.39%) and 91% of the cellulose was recovered after the moso bamboo was pretreated with ChCl–LC at 120 °C for 3 h with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25. Furthermore, nanofibers with widths of 20–80 nm were successfully prepared from pretreated fibers after a simple mechanical process. SEM and AFM images showed that they have excellent aspect ratio. In addition, the obtained nanofibers could be used to fabricate strong films which feature a high tensile strength ranged from 163 to 213 MPa.
Journal Article
النبات
أصدرت مؤسسة بيت الحكمة للاستثمارات الثقافية، النسخة العربية من السلسلة الموسوعية الأولى من نوعها باللغة العربية \"ثقافة وفنون الخطوط الصينية\" والمترجمة عن اللغة الصينية من إصدار دار نشر هوبي التعليمية بالصين، وتعد سلسلة \"ثقافة وفنون الخطوط الصينية\" المحتوى المعرفي الأكثر شمولا، والأول من نوعه بالعربية عن ثقافة الخط الصيني، الذي هو أحد روافد الثقافة الصينية وأحد فنون الكتابة الممتدة لخمسة آلاف عام، وتشتمل السلسلة الموسوعية على دراسات حول تاريخ الخطوط القديمة وأنواعها وفنون كتابتها، كما تضم المعارف الخاصة بأنواع الخطوط وسماتها وتاريخها، بل وبأدوات الكتابة ومراحل تطورها، وتمثل الخطوط الصينية أحد أبرز عناصر الثقافة الصينية التقليدية، بل وأحد أهم الفنون الصينية التراثية التي كانت ولا تزال سمة أساسية لثقافة الكتابة الصينية على مر العصور، والتي هي جزء لا يتجزأ من تراث البشرية.
BOOK
Light-driven plasmonic microrobot for nanoparticle manipulation
Recently light-driven microdrones have been demonstrated, making use of plasmonic nanomotors based on directional resonant chiral light scattering. These nanomotors can be addressed individually, without requiring the tracking of a focused laser, leading to exceptional 2D maneuverability which renders microdrones a versatile robotic platform in aqueous environments. Here, we incorporate a light-operated manipulator, a plasmonic nano-tweezer, into the microdrone platform, rendering it a microrobot by enabling precise, all-optical transport and delivery of single nanoparticles suspended in solution. The plasmonic nano-tweezer consists of a resonant cross-antenna nanostructure exhibiting a central near-field hot spot, extending the ability of traditional optical tweezers based on focused laser beams to the trapping of nanoparticles. However, most of plasmonic nano-tweezers are fixed to the substrates and lack mobility. Our plasmonic microrobot utilizes circularly polarized light to control both motors and for stable trapping of a 70-nanometer fluorescent nanodiamond in the cross-antenna center. Complex sequences of microrobot operations, including trap-transport-release-trap-transport actions, demonstrate the microrobot’s versatility and precision in picking up and releasing nanoparticles. Our microrobot design opens potential avenues in advancing nanotechnology and life sciences, with applications in targeted drug delivery, single-cell manipulation, and by providing an advanced quantum sensing platform, facilitating interdisciplinary research at the nanoscale.
A 3.5 μm robotic device featuring plasmonic nanomotors and tweezer can deliver, capture, and release a single 70 nm nanodiamond. In this study, the authors develop and demonstrate such a microrobotic device.
Journal Article
Mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio in colorectal cancer: a retrospective clinical study
Background
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of platelet activation. MPV and platelet count (PC) are negatively correlated, and their ratio (MPV/PC) is informative for the diagnosis of malignant tumors. However, the relationship between MPV/PC and colorectal cancer is unclear. This retrospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of MPV/PC in colorectal cancer.
Methods
Hematological examinations were performed at initial diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer (
n
= 186) or adenomatous polyp (
n
= 132) and healthy controls (
n
= 108). Hematological parameters evaluated included white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, PC, and MPV. Statistical analyses included Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square tests, Spearman’s correlation test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic values of MPV and MPV/PC in colorectal cancer.
Results
Among these groups, MPV was significantly lower in colorectal cancer than in adenomatous polyp (
p
= 0.002) and healthy controls (
p
< 0.001) but did not significantly differ between adenomatous polyp and healthy controls (
p
= 0.210). MPV/PC was lower in colorectal cancer compared with adenomatous polyp and healthy controls (
p
< 0.001) and in adenomatous polyp compared with healthy controls (
p
= 0.010). MPV did not significantly differ among colorectal cancer subgroups, while MPV/PC significantly differed between TNM stages and the presence/absence of lymph node metastasis. MPV/PC was negatively correlated with the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR) (
p
= 0.002) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR) concentration (
p
< 0.001). In the differential diagnosis between colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyp, MPV/PC produced a larger ROC curve than MPV, NLR or PLR alone. Using MPV/PC to distinguish between colorectal cancer and controls produced a larger AUC than using MPV or NLR alone.
Conclusions
MPV/PC may be useful for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. However, further studies are warranted to include additional regions and more data, to assess the utility of MPV/PC as a novel diagnostic screening tool for colorectal cancer.
Journal Article
Antioxidant and antibacterial insights into the leaves, leaf tea and medicinal roots from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge
Used as traditional Chinese medicine,
Astragalus membranaceus
(Fisch.) Bge. (
A. membranaceus
) roots are also used as tonic food material in a wide range of applications, while the leaves are left in the field, unused. Therefore, comprehensively exploring and utilizing the leaves will inevitably reduce the associated resource waste and environment pollution. In this study, the plant leaves were processed into tea using green tea processing technology. Bioactive components, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the Leaf Tea (LT) and Dry Leaves (DL) were studied, and compared to that of the Dry Roots (DR). The results showed that the polysaccharides content (POL) in the DR (20.44%) was twice as high as the DL (10.18%) and LT (8.68%). However, the DL contained 36.85% more water-soluble extracts (WSE), 35.09% more ethanol-soluble extracts (ESE), 409.63% more total flavonoid content (TFC), 221.01% more total phenolic content (TPC) and 94.34% more proteins, and the LT contained 26.21% more WSE, 40.64% more ESE, 326.93% more TFC, 191.90% more TPC and 37.71% more proteins. The total amino acid (AA) content in the DR was 8.89%, while in that of the DL and LT were 24.18% and 28.96% respectively, nearly 3-times higher than that of the DR. The antioxidant activity of DR was much lower than those of DL and LT, both of which had antioxidant activity closer to that of Vitamin C (V
C
) and the antioxidant activities were even stronger when the optimal concentration was reached. Except for
Aspergillus niger
and
Staphylococcus aureus,
the DL and DR exhibited inhibition activities to
Salmonella
,
Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli
and
yeast
, while the LT had antimicrobial activities against all the strains except for
A. niger
. In summary, compared with the most commonly used DR, the DL and LT from
A. membranaceus
contained higher bioactive components, and stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Producing leaf tea may be an appropriate way to economically and reasonably utilize the plant leaves which are by-products.
Journal Article
Body Mass Index and Risk of Female Reproductive System Tumors Subtypes: A Meta-Analysis Using Mendelian Randomization
Introduction: A strong association was previously established between body mass index (BMI) and female reproductive system tumors; however, the causal relationship is unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to further explore this association. Methods: Genetic information for BMI was retrieved from a published genome-wide association study involving 339,224 participants. Genetic associations with five common female reproductive system tumors were obtained from the FinnGen, UK Biobank studies, and other large consortia. Results: Genetic predisposition towards BMI exhibits a significant association with multiple tumors of the female reproductive system. Specifically, for every 1-unit increase in BMI log-transformed odds ratio (OR). The OR fluctuations overall for patients with breast cancer ranged from 0.661 to 0.996 (95% confidence interval [CI],0.544-1.000, P < 0.05). When stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status, the OR for patients with ER (+) breast cancer ranged from 0.782 to 0.844 (95% CI, 0.616-0.994, P < 0.05) and that for those with ER (-) breast cancer ranged from 0.663 to 0.789 (95% CI, 0.498-0.991, P < 0.05). Additionally, ORs were as follows for cancer types: 1.577–1.908 (95% CI, 1.049-2.371, P < 0.05) for endometrial carcinoma; 1.216–1.303 (95% CI, 1.021-1.591, P < 0.05) for high-grade serous ovarian cancer; 1.217 (95% CI, 1.034-1.432, P < 0.05) for low-grade malignant serous ovarian cancer; and 1.502 (95% CI, 1.112-2.029, P < 0.05) for endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. Furthermore, our findings indicated that genetic predisposition towards BMI did not exhibit a causal association with uterine fibroids, cervical precancerous lesions, or cervical cancer itself. Conclusion: A genetic association was established between a high BMI and high risk of developing multiple tumors of the female reproductive system and their associated subtypes. This underscores the significance of taking measures to prevent reproductive system tumors in women who have a high BMI.
Journal Article
Efficient base editing for multiple genes and loci in pigs using base editors
Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable programmable C-to-T conversion without DNA double-stranded breaks and homology-directed repair in a variety of organisms, which exhibit great potential for agricultural and biomedical applications. However, all reported cases only involved C-to-T substitution at a single targeted genomic site. Whether C-to-T substitution is effective in multiple sites/loci has not been verified in large animals. Here, by using pigs, an important animal for agriculture and biomedicine, as the subjective animal, we showed that CBEs could efficiently induce C-to-T conversions at multiple sites/loci with the combination of three genes, including
DMD
,
TYR
, and
LMNA
, or
RAG1
,
RAG2
, and
IL2RG
, simultaneously, at the embryonic and cellular levels. CBEs also could disrupt genes (
pol
gene of porcine endogenous retrovirus) with dozens of copies by introducing multiple premature stop codons. With the CBEs, pigs carrying single gene or multiple gene point mutations were generated through embryo injection or nuclear transfer approach.
Base editors can efficiently produce single nucleotide alterations without requiring a double-strand break. Here the authors show base editing at multiple sites simultaneously in pigs.
Journal Article
A New Algorithm for Detecting X-Ray Shots in Cyg X-1
The short-term X-ray variability of Cyg X-1 can be interpreted as a random occurrence of mini-flares known as the shots, whose physical nature is still unclear. We propose a new algorithm for shot identification in the X-ray light curve, based on baseline detection and template fitting. Compared with previous techniques, our algorithm allows us to detect shots with lower amplitudes and shorter time separations. With NICER observations, we find that, after correction for detection sensitivity, both the shot amplitude and recurrence rate are positively scaled with the mean count rate, while the recurrence rate has a much higher dependence on the count rate. These suggest that a higher mass accretion rate will drive more and slightly larger shots. We also find that the abrupt hardening near the shot peak found in previous studies is attributed to different shot profiles in different energy bands; there is no need to involve a rapid physical process to suddenly harden the emitting spectrum.
Journal Article
Investigation of the relationship between hot flashes, sweating and sleep quality in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: the mediating effect of anxiety and depression
Background
To investigate the relationship between sweating from hot flashes, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in peri- and postmenopausal women. And also the role of anxiety and depression in mediating sweating from hot flashes and sleep quality.
Methods
467 women aged 40–60 years with menopausal problems were enrolled. The sleep quality; hot flashes; sweating; anxiety and depression symptoms were quantitatively evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (PSQI), Kupperman Menopause Index, Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. Spearman correlation analysis and mediating effect model were used to analyze the relationship between the three.
Results
262 patients’ PSQI score were higher than 6 (58.2%). Total scores of sleep quality were positively correlated with hot flashes, sweating and anxiety and depression symptoms. Anxiety and depression played a mediating role between hot flashes, sweating and sleep quality where the mediating effect of anxiety symptoms accounted for 17.86% (
P
< 0.01) and depression symptoms accounted for 5.36% (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusions
The hot flashes, sweating, anxiety and depression of peri/postmenopausal women are risk factors affecting sleep quality. By alleviating these risk factors, the sleep quality of peri- and postmenopausal women could be improved, which prevents the physical and mental diseases due to long-term severe insomnia.
Journal Article