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This study addresses specific gaps in current research on user-experience interface design for news and information apps targeted at elderly users, particularly in the context of human factors and ergonomics. To investigate how interface design features of mobile news clients affect the cognitive load of elderly users, an in-depth analysis was conducted using a combination of objective eye movement tests and subjective evaluation scales. Mobile news client interfaces with systematically varied visual complexity were designed by orthogonally manipulating three core elements identified from top-ranked Chinese news apps and prior literature, and within-subject repeated experiments were performed to collect subjective cognitive load data, objective eye movement data, and behavioral data, validating the proposed hypothesis model. The results indicate that the visual complexity of mobile news client interfaces significantly impacts the cognitive load of elderly users, with keyword color substantially modulating this effect. These findings contribute to the knowledge base on mobile news client interface design for elderly users and provide practical recommendations for designers to create more equitable interfaces, enhancing usability for this demographic.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are poised to have a profound impact on medical education. Medical students, as early adopters of technology and future health care providers, play a crucial role in shaping the future of health care. However, little is known about the utilization of, perceptions on, and intention to use AI chatbots among medical students in China. This study aims to explore the utilization of, perceptions on, and intention to use generative AI chatbots among medical students in China, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. By conducting a national cross-sectional survey, we sought to identify the key determinants that influence medical students' acceptance of AI chatbots, thereby providing a basis for enhancing their integration into medical education. Understanding these factors is crucial for educators, policy makers, and technology developers to design and implement effective AI-driven educational tools that align with the needs and expectations of future health care professionals. A web-based electronic survey questionnaire was developed and distributed via social media to medical students across the country. The UTAUT was used as a theoretical framework to design the questionnaire and analyze the data. The relationship between behavioral intention to use AI chatbots and UTAUT predictors was examined using multivariable regression. A total of 693 participants were from 57 universities covering 21 provinces or municipalities in China. Only a minority (199/693, 28.72%) reported using AI chatbots for studying, with ChatGPT (129/693, 18.61%) being the most commonly used. Most of the participants used AI chatbots for quickly obtaining medical information and knowledge (631/693, 91.05%) and increasing learning efficiency (594/693, 85.71%). Utilization behavior, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived risk, and personal innovativeness showed significant positive associations with the behavioral intention to use AI chatbots (all P values were <.05). Chinese medical students hold positive perceptions toward and high intentions to use AI chatbots, but there are gaps between intention and actual adoption. This highlights the need for strategies to improve access, training, and support and provide peer usage examples to fully harness the potential benefits of chatbot technology.

In this paper, we investigate the dark solitons for the three-component Gross–Pitaevskii system, which describes the F = 1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensate, with F denoting the atom’s spin. We construct a Lax pair and a binary Darboux transformation for such a system. Based on a nonzero seed solution, we obtain the kink and dark solitons corresponding to the ferromagnetic and polar states, respectively. Moreover, we obtain the W-shaped dark soliton. Interactions between the two dark solitons are discussed. We find that the interaction is inelastic if a kink soliton is included.

This study aims to validate the Object-Oriented User Interface Customization (OOUIC) framework by employing Use Case Analysis (UCA) to facilitate the development of adaptive User Interfaces (UIs). The OOUIC framework advocates for User-Centered Design (UCD) methodologies, including UCA, to systematically identify intricate user requirements and construct adaptive UIs tailored to diverse user needs. To operationalize this approach, thirty users of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems were interviewed across six distinct use cases. Interview transcripts were subjected to deductive content analysis to classify UI objects systematically. Subsequently, adaptive UIs were developed for each use case, and their complexity was quantitatively compared against the original system UIs. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in complexity across all adaptive UIs (Mean Difference, MD = 0.11, t(5) = 8.26, p < 0.001), confirming their superior efficiency. The findings validate the OOUIC framework, demonstrating that UCD effectively captures complex requirements for adaptive UI development, while adaptive UIs mitigate interface complexity through object reduction and optimized layout design. Furthermore, UCA and deductive content analysis serve as robust methodologies for object categorization in adaptive UI design. Beyond eliminating redundant elements and prioritizing object grouping, designers can further reduce complexity by adjusting object dimensions and window sizing. This study underscores the efficacy of UCA in developing adaptive UIs and streamlining complex interfaces. Ultimately, UCD proves instrumental in gathering intricate requirements, while adaptive UIs enhance usability by minimizing object clutter and refining spatial organization.

Objectives We aimed to assess the characteristics and health status of a study sample using social media WeChat and to identify the association between social media usage and depressive symptoms among people aged 45 and older in China. Methods Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depressive symptoms were measured by the 10-item form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). The propensity score matching method (PSM) was performed to balance the characteristics of WeChat users and non-WeChat users. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test the association between the incidence of depressive symptoms and WeChat usage by introducing covariates step by step. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the robustness of the primary findings. Results A total of 5415 matching cases out of 11,338 total sample were used in this study to generate the final analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model showed that a significantly lower incidence of depression was related to WeChat usage after adjusting for all possible covariates (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62–0.94). The most popular WeChat functions used by the study population were watching news (80.4%), posting Moment messages (75.5%), chatting with friends (66.0%), and watching videos (65.2%). The sensitivity analysis yielded similar findings to the primary analyses. Conclusions Using social media WeChat showed an association with lower depressive symptoms among people aged ≥45 and older in our study sample. Further studies need to be explored on the promotion and education of social media WeChat usage, targeting the improvement of mental health-related issues through social network connections.

IntroductionCaries risk assessment and management (CRAM) conducted by primary care providers is critical for preventing early childhood caries. Yet, the implementation of these preventive strategies remains understudied in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a CRAM intervention in Chinese primary care settings.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a hybrid type II stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial across nine primary healthcare institutions in Luzhou City, China. Institutions will be randomly allocated into three intervention waves. Primary care providers will be trained to deliver CRAM. The two primary outcomes are (1) the proportion of primary care providers completing all CRAM procedures and (2) improvements in parents’ home-based oral care practices for children under age 3. Secondary outcomes include children’s oral health-related quality of life, time to first caries incidence, and the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Qualitative interviews will explore barriers and facilitators to implementation.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has received approval from the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and presentations at academic conferences. Research summaries and policy briefs will be developed for key stakeholders and decision-makers at the local, provincial and national levels.Trial registration numberChiCTR2400090741.

Magnetic metal/carbon composites derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are viewed as promising candidates for high-performance microwave absorbers. Despite progress, a persistent challenge remains in expanding the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) for microwave absorbers based on MOFs. To solve the above problems, in this work, NiFe@CN nanocomposite consisting of nickel–iron alloy nanoparticles (NiFe alloy NPs) embedded into nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were fabricated utilizing a flexible two-step method, including co-precipitation and chemical vapor deposition, where the synthesized precursor NiFe Prussian blue analogs (NiFe-PBA) served as the self-sacrificed template and dicyandiamide (DCDA) served as carbon source. By tailoring the mass ratio of DCDA to NiFe-PBA, the morphology of synthesized NiFe@CN nanocomposites can be precisely controlled to create more tubular structures. These structure features enable NiFe@CN nanocomposites to acquire a synergistic effect of interfacial polarization, defect dipole polarization, conduction loss, eddy current loss, and magnetic resonance, which leads to enhanced dielectric loss, optimized impedance matching, and intense attenuation capability. As a result, the NiFe@CN nanocomposites exhibit excellent microwave absorption performance. At a thickness of 2.04 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL min ) is − 54.09 dB at 13.41 GHz, and the EAB is 5.78 GHz. This work presents a novel strategy for designing low-cost, lightweight, and broadband frequencies microwave absorbers derived from bimetallic MOFs.

Background The persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and/or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings remains a critical issue that urgently requires attention to effectively control HIV/AIDS epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and explore the influencing factors among healthcare providers in western China, in order to inform decision-making regarding the reduction of stigma and discrimination intervention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and July 2024, and 24,646 (with a response rate of 98.6%) healthcare providers completed the survey using a concise and standardized instrument, including sociodemographic and work-related characteristics, healthcare institutional policies and guidelines, attitudes and opinions about people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV), as well as discriminatory behaviors. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the influencing factors of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare providers. Results The proportions of healthcare providers expressing concerns about dressing wounds and drawing blood were 65.1% and 60.3%, respectively. Approximately 40% of the participants believed that most PLHIV did not care if they infected others and had multiple sexual partners. Healthcare providers experienced more secondary stigma and discrimination in the provision of services to PLHIV than direct stigma and discrimination against PLHIV. 67.1% of the respondents agreed that PLHIV should be allowed to have babies if they wish. 71-98% indicated that their institutions had related policies and guidelines to protect HIV/AIDS patients from discrimination. HIV/AIDS-related discriminatory behaviors were higher among healthcare providers who had lower levels of education and training, worked in private or infectious disease hospitals or hospitals with inadequate policies, provided face to face services to PLHIV, and had higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes ( P  < 0.05). Conclusions HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare providers were prevalent in western China. The factors identified in the study which were associated with higher HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination may provide valuable insights for mitigating these negative associations, and more coordinated and multifaceted approaches and interventions need to be implemented to effectively reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on geopolymeric recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tubular (GRACFST) columns in fire. A total of 12 specimens were tested, including 6 circular columns and 6 square columns subjected to combined fire and loading. The test parameters include: (a) cross-section type (circular and square); (b) column load ratio (0.3, 0.4 and 0.6); and (c) fire scenario (all around fire exposure and two surfaces fire exposure). The failure mode, temperature development, deformation development and fire resistance of GRACFST columns were obtained and discussed. Finally, the fire resistance design method for conventional CFST columns proposed in Eurocode 4 was used to predict the ultimate cross sectional load bearing capacity of the GRACFST column at a specified fire exposure time, and the comparison between the prediction and the test results reported in this paper indicated that the Eurocode 4 method gave an overestimation to the GRACFST column. To improve the prediction accuracy, suitable material models for the passively confined GRAC in CFST columns should be developed in the future research.

Objectives Limited information is known about preventive dental visits (PDVs) before seven years of age among children in China. This study aimed to examine the early PDV rate, identify the impact of PDV on dental caries and untreated dental caries, and explore the factors related to PDV among Chinese sampled children under seven years old. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five selected primary health care facilities in Chengdu, China, from May to August 2021. Parent–child dyads during regular systematic medical management were recruited to participate. Children's dental caries were identified through dental examinations and documented as decayed, missing and filled teeth index (dmft) by trained primary care physicians. Dental-related information was collected through a questionnaire. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression was used to test the effect of early PDV on the dmft value, and logistic regression was used to analyse impact factors on the early PDV. Results A total of 2028 out of 2377 parent–child dyads were qualified for analysis. Half of the children (50.4%) were male, with a mean age of 4.8 years. Among all the children, 12.1% had their first dental visit for preventive purposes, 34.4% had their first dental visit for symptomatic purposes, and more than half had never visited a dentist. The results showed that a lower dmft value (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48–0.84), a higher rate of caries-free (aOR: 6.5, 95% CI: 3.93–10.58), and a lower rate of untreated dental caries (aOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.76) were associated with early PDV utilization. Children who had a higher rate of PDV were positively associated with living in a family with better parental behaviours (aOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.71–3.08), better parental oral health perception (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06–1.32), fathers who had no untreated caries (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97), families with higher socioeconomic status (aOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16), and dental health advice received from well-child care physicians (aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08–2.00). Conclusions Early PDV was associated with a lower rate of dental caries prevalence and untreated dental caries among sampled children younger than seven in Western China. Underutilization and social inequities existed in PDV utilization. Public health strategies should be developed to increase preventive dental visits and eliminate social disparities that prevent dental care utilization.