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The popliteal region presents a wide range of vascular anomalies. The correct diagnosis of these anatomical variations plays a key role in success of diverse surgical procedures. In this context, the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of the anatomic patterns of the popliteal artery branches in a sample of present Spaniard population. This is a retrospective single center study. 1633 (97.72%) computed tomography angiography images of the popliteal artery branches were studied from a total sample of 840 Spaniard subjects that underwent a computed tomography angiography study, 695 males (82.73%) and 145 women (17.26%), aged between 18 and 97 years. The applied statistics were multivariate models for repeated measures, Student's t-test, and Pearson's chi-square test. Our results show that the Kim's et al. (1989) IA ('normal' pattern) was observed in 1507 limbs (92.28%), while the IB and IC were observed in 24 (1.46%) and 6 (0.36%) limbs respectively. The IIA-1 and IIA-2 patterns were observed in 19 (1.16%) and 27 (1.65%) subjects, while the IIB and IIC in 15 (0.91%) and 1 (0.06%) subjects. Finally, the IIIA, IIIB, IIIC patterns were observed in 24 (1.46%), 5 (0.30%) and 5 (0.30%) subjects respectively. There were no significant differences between men and women, nor between the right and left limbs. In conclusion, approximately 8% of Spaniard subjects present branching anatomic patterns of the popliteal artery different of the normal IA pattern, thus it should be taken into account in clinical practice.

Double transverse foramen is an anatomical variant often observed in the inferior cervical rachis. It consists in the presence of the main transverse foramen and an accessory transverse foramen, which is smaller. Since the vertebral artery runs through the transverse foramen, this anatomical variant may suggest clinical considerations regarding the vertebral artery. In this context, our objective was to study the prevalence of double transverse foramen in a sample of 88 complete cervical sets of vertebrae dating from the late 17th and early 18th centuries and exhumed from a common grave in the 'Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles' church, in Castielfabib (Ademuz, Valencia, Spain). We also wanted to analyze the possible correlation between the presence of double transverse foramen and the size of the main transverse foramen. The anteroposterior and lateral diameters of the transverse foramen and the accessory foramen were measured using digital calipers. Double transverse foramen was found in 96 (15.5%) cervical vertebrae, mostly in C6, but also in C4, C5 and C7. Our results show that double transverse foramen can cause the transverse foramen to be smaller when compared with normal vertebrae. Therefore, a thorough study should be performed to analyze the prevalence of double transverse foramen in the current population, as well as its clinical implications on the vertebral artery physiology.

The aim of this study was to explore the emotional impact of Covid-19 on healthcare professionals at the Clinical and University Hospital of Valencia (Spain), and to identify the associated variables. A total of 228 professionals completed an ad hoc online survey in May 2020. The healthcare professionals experienced symptoms of stress (32%), depression (26%), anxiety (14%) and intrusive memories (7.5%). A higher frequency of sadness and anxiety was observed in women and in professionals who had presented Covid-19 symptoms. The professional category with the most frequent emotional symptoms was that of auxiliary nurses, and for stress also nurses and residents. The most affected were the first line units. The psychological variables that were negatively associated with the frequency of all symptomatic manifestations were: self-care, self-esteem, resilience, and use of active coping strategies, together with self-efficacy and social support for stress and depression. Despite the limitations of the study, the results may contribute to guide preventive programs for health professionals in future health crises.

Anatomical variations of the atlas vertebra are of particular importance because of their possible repercussions on the vertebral vessels. In view of the extensive articular mobility of the atlas, any anomaly where the vertebral artery and veins run through the transverse foramen could impair blood flow. However, in spite of the possible effect of this anomaly on the vertebral artery and veins, there are few data on the presence of an abnormal accessory transverse foramen, termed retrotransverse foramen, which is smaller and located behind the transverse foramen of the atlas. The aim of this research was to analyse the prevalence of retrotransverse foramen in a sample of 88 dry C1 vertebrae from a Spanish rural population of the late 17th and the early 18th centuries, as well as to study the possible repercussions of the presence of this anatomical variant on the size of the transverse foramen. The anteroposterior diameter and the lateral diameter of the transverse foramen of all the atlas vertebrae and retrotransverse foramina were measured using digital calibres. Two atlases with retrotransverse foramina (2.27%) were found in which the presence of the anatomical variant caused a larger anteroposterior diameter and a smaller lateral diameter than those of the transverse foramina of the normal 86 C1 vertebrae that were analysed. Our results show that a thorough study should be performed on the prevalence of this anatomical variant in the current population, as well as its possible clinical repercussion on the vertebral artery.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar el impacto emocional de la Covid-19 en profesionales sanitarios del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, e identificar las variables asociadas. Participaron 228 profesionales que cumplimentaron en mayo de 2020 una encuesta online elaborada ad hoc. Los profesionales sanitarios experimentaron síntomas de estrés (32%), depresión (26%), ansiedad (14%) y recuerdos intrusos (7,5%). Se observó mayor frecuencia de tristeza y ansiedad en mujeres y en profesionales que habían presentado síntomas de Covid-19. La categoría profesional con síntomas emocionales más frecuentes fue el de auxiliar de enfermería, y para estrés también enfermeros y residentes. Las unidades con mayor afectación fueron las de primera línea. Las variables psicológicas que se asociaron negativamente con la frecuencia de todas las manifestaciones sintomáticas fueron: autocuidado, autoestima, resiliencia y uso de estrategias de afrontamiento activas, junto a autoeficacia y apoyo social para estrés y depresión. Pese a las limitaciones del estudio, los resultados pueden contribuir a orientar programas preventivos para profesionales sanitarios en futuras crisis sanitarias. Palabras clave: impacto emocional, trabajadores sanitarios, estudio transversal, factores psicológicos. The aim of this study was to explore the emotional impact of Covid-19 on healthcare professionals at the Clinical and University Hospital of Valencia (Spain), and to identify the associated variables. A total of 228 professionals completed an ad hoc online survey in May 2020. The healthcare professionals experienced symptoms of stress (32%), depression (26%), anxiety (14%) and intrusive memories (7.5%). A higher frequency of sadness and anxiety was observed in women and in professionals who had presented Covid-19 symptoms. The professional category with the most frequent emotional symptoms was that of auxiliary nurses, and for stress also nurses and residents. The most affected were the first line units. The psychological variables that were negatively associated with the frequency of all symptomatic manifestations were: self-care, self-esteem, resilience and use of active coping strategies, together with self-efficacy and social support for stress and depression. Despite the limitations of the study, the results may contribute to guide preventive programs for health professionals in future health crises. Key words: emotional impact, health workers, cross-sectional study, psychological issues.

Nutrigenetic studies analyzing gene–diet interactions of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 C > T polymorphism on type-2 diabetes (T2D) have shown controversial results. A reason contributing to this may be the additional modulation by obesity. Moreover, TCF7L2-rs7903146 is one of the most influential variants in T2D-genetic risk scores (GRS). Therefore, to increase the predictive value (PV) of GRS it is necessary to first see whether the included polymorphisms have heterogeneous effects. We comprehensively investigated gene-obesity interactions between the TCF7L2-rs7903146 C > T polymorphism on T2D (prevalence and incidence) and analyzed other T2D-polymorphisms in a sub-sample. We studied 7018 PREDIMED participants at baseline and longitudinally (8.7 years maximum follow-up). Obesity significantly interacted with the TCF7L2-rs7903146 on T2D prevalence, associations being greater in non-obese subjects. Accordingly, we prospectively observed in non-T2D subjects (n = 3607) that its association with T2D incidence was stronger in non-obese (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.13–2.92, p = 0.013 for TT versus CC) than in obese subjects (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.61–1.66; p = 0.979; p-interaction = 0.048). Accordingly, TCF7L2-PV was higher in non-obese subjects. Additionally, we created obesity-specific GRS with ten T2D-polymorphisms and demonstrated for the first time their higher strata-specific PV. In conclusion, we provide strong evidence supporting the need for considering obesity when analyzing the TCF7L2 effects and propose the use of obesity-specific GRS for T2D.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar el impacto emocional de la Covid-19 en profesionales sanitarios del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, e identificar las variables asociadas. Participaron 228 profesionales que cumplimentaron en mayo de 2020 una encuesta online elaborada ad hoc. Los profesionales sanitarios experimentaron síntomas de estrés (32%), depresión (26%), ansiedad (14%) y recuerdos intrusos (7,5%). Se observó mayor frecuencia de tristeza y ansiedad en mujeres y en profesionales que habían presentado síntomas de Covid-19. La categoría profesional con síntomas emocionales más frecuentes fue el de auxiliar de enfermería, y para estrés también enfermeros y residentes. Las unidades con mayor afectación fueron las de primera línea. Las variables psicológicas que se asociaron negativamente con la frecuencia de todas las manifestaciones sintomáticas fueron: autocuidado, autoestima, resiliencia y uso de estrategias de afrontamiento activas, junto a autoeficacia y apoyo social para estrés y depresión. Pese a las limitaciones del estudio, los resultados pueden contribuir a orientar programas preventivos para profesionales sanitarios en futuras crisis sanitarias.

The popliteal region presents a wide range of vascular anomalies. The correct diagnosis of these anatomical variations plays a key role in success of diverse surgical procedures. In this context, the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of the anatomic patterns of the popliteal artery branches in a sample of present Spaniard population. This is a retrospective singlecenter study. 1633 (97.72%) computed tomography angiography images of the popliteal artery branches were studied from a total sample of 840 Spaniard subjects that underwent a computed tomography angiography study, 695 males (82.73%) and 145 women (17.26%), aged between 18 and 97 years. The applied statistics were multivariate models for repeated measures, Student's t-test, and Pearson's chi-square test. Our results show that the Kim's et al. (1989) IA (\"normal\" pattern) was observed in 1507 limbs (92.28%), while the IB and IC were observed in 24 (1.46%) and 6 (0.36%) limbs respectively. The IIA-1 and IIA-2 patterns were observed in 19 (1.16%) and 27 (1.65%) subjects, while the IIB and IIC in 15 (0.91%) and 1 (0.06%) subjects. Finally, the IIIA, IIIB, IIIC patterns were observed in 24 (1.46%), 5 (0.30%) and 5 (0.30%) subjects respectively. There were no significant differences between men and women, nor between the right and left limbs. In conclusion, approximately 8% of Spaniard subjects present branching anatomic patterns of the popliteal artery different of the normal IA pattern, thus it should be taken into account in clinical practice.

Abstract Decades of research on oncogene-driven carcinogenesis and gene-expression regulatory networks only started to unveil the complexity of tumour cellular and molecular biology. This knowledge has been successfully implemented in the clinical practice to treat primary tumours. In contrast, much less progress has been made in the development of new therapies against metastasis, which are the main cause of cancer-related deaths. More recently, the role of epigenetic and microenviromental factors has been shown to play a key role in tumour progression. Free radicals are known to communicate the intracellular and extracellular compartments, acting as second messengers and exerting a decisive modulatory effect on tumour cell signalling. Depending on the cellular and molecular context, as well as the intracellular concentration of free radicals and the activation status of the antioxidant system of the cell, the signalling equilibrium can be tilted either towards tumour cell survival and progression or cell death. In this regard, recent advances in tumour cell biology and metastasis indicate that redox signalling is at the base of many cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms that control disseminated tumour cell fate and metastasis. In this manuscript, we will review the current knowledge about redox signalling along the different phases of the metastatic cascade, including tumour cell dormancy, making emphasis on metabolism and the establishment of supportive microenvironmental connections, from a redox perspective.

Olive milling produces olive oil and different by-products, all of them very rich in different bioactive compounds like the phenolic alcohol hydroxytyrosol. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an olive fruit extract 20% rich in hydroxytyrosol on the molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer disease features like Aβ- and tau- induced toxicity, as well as on oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, characterization of the extracts, regarding the profile and content of phenolics, as well as total antioxidant ability, was investigated. The study of lethality, growth, pharyngeal pumping, and longevity in vivo demonstrated the lack of toxicity of the extract. One hundred μg/mL of extract treatment revealed prevention of oxidative stress and a delay in Aβ-induced paralysis related with a lower presence of Aβ aggregates. Indeed, the extract showed the ability to avoid a certain degree of proteotoxicity associated with aggregation of the tau protein. According to RNAi tests, SKN-1/NRF2 transcription factor and the overexpression of HSP-16.2 were mechanistically associated in the observed effects.