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PurposeThere are various system techniques or models which are used for access control by performing cryptographic operations and characterizing to provide an efficient cloud and in Internet of Things (IoT) access control. Particularly in cloud computing environment, there is a large-scale distribution of these traditional symmetric cryptographic techniques. These symmetric cryptographic techniques use the same key for encryption and decryption processes. However, during the execution of these phases, they are under the problems of key distribution and management. The purpose of this study is to provide efficient key management and key distribution in cloud computing environment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the Cipher text-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) technique with proper access control policy which is used to provide the data owner’s control and share the data through encryption process in Cloud and IoT environment. The data are shared with the the help of cloud storage, even in presence of authorized users. The main method used in this research is Enhanced CP-ABE Serialization (E-CP-ABES) approach.FindingsThe results are measured by means of encryption, completion and decryption time that showed better results when compared with the existing CP-ABE technique. The comparative analysis has showed that the proposed E-CP-ABES has obtained better results of 2373 ms for completion time for 256 key lengths, whereas the existing CP-ABE has obtained 3129 ms of completion time. In addition to this, the existing Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) scheme showed 3449 ms of completion time.Originality/valueThe proposed research work uses an E-CP-ABES access control technique that verifies the hidden attributes having a very sensitive dataset constraint and provides solution to the key management problem and access control mechanism existing in IOT and cloud computing environment. The novelty of the research is that the proposed E-CP-ABES incorporates extensible, partially hidden constraint policy by using a process known as serialization procedure and it serializes to a byte stream. Redundant residue number system is considered to remove errors that occur during the processing of bits or data obtained from the serialization. The data stream is recovered using the Deserialization process.

Cancer is one among the prime causes for high mortality rate worldwide. This can be minimized by detecting the cancer disease at primitive state. In the proposed work, lung cancer is taken into consideration since lungs are one among the leading cancer sites. In the proposed work, X-ray image of lungs is used to detect the malignant tumor at its primitive state. The segmentation is carried out on chest X-ray images using Otsu’s thresholding algorithm. The counts of white and black pixels, histogram features of the segmented image are the elements of feature vector. The Feed-Forward Neural Network with Back Propagation (FFNN-BP) and K-Nearest Neighborhood Classifier (KNNC) are employed on feature vector for the classification of tumor as benign or malignant. The work is implemented on Kaggle dataset. The recognition accuracy of the proposed work is found to be superior compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

Aqueous extract of a natural herb, Terminalia chebula was tested for potential antioxidant activity by examining its ability to inhibit γ-radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and damage to superoxide dismutase enzyme in rat liver mitochondria. The antimutagenic activity of the extract has been examined by following the inhibition of γ-radiation-induced strand breaks formation in plasmid pBR322 DNA. In order to understand the phytochemicals responsible for this, HPLC analysis of the extract was carried out, which showed the presence of compounds such as ascorbate, gallic acid and ellagic acid. This was also confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. The extract inhibits xanthine/xanthine oxidase activity and is also an excellent scavenger of DPPH radicals. The rate at which the extract and its constituents scavenge the DPPH radical was studied by using stopped-flow kinetic spectrometer. Based on all these results it is concluded that the aqueous extract of T. chebula acts as a potent antioxidant and since it is able to protect cellular organelles from the radiation-induced damage, it may be considered as a probable radioprotector.

Modern criminal investigations include various cutting-edge scientific methods, including hybrid models, game theory, and machine learning. Criminal investigations consist of the examination of data that is utilized as evidence. In this sense, many significant and innovative studies on the crime uncertainty research of criminals have been carried out in the past, and one method for resolving this ambiguity is called Neutrosophic logic. The criminal in the crime application platform's initial inquiry may be a new involved or a previous offender. In this paper, the framework describes identifying offenders in a criminal investigation. Crime data for a wide range of offences were collected. This approach uses a game theory model to compare the present crime to previous crimes committed by the same individual. Making the right decision about the crime and exercising sound judgment depend on identifying the actual offender. When assessing the empirical data, taking in the incident's location and early criminal prediction is essential.

Volatility is the degree of variation in the stock price over time. The stock price is volatile due to many factors, such as demand, supply, economic policy, and company earnings. Investing in a volatile market is riskier for stock traders. Most of the existing work considered Generalized Auto-regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models to capture volatility, but this model fails to capture when the volatility is very high. This paper aims to estimate the stock price volatility using the Markov regime-switching GARCH (MSGARCH) and SETAR model. The model selection was carried out using the Akaike-Informations-Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian-Information Criteria (BIC) metric. The performance of the model is evaluated using the Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) metric. We have found that volatility estimation using the MSGARCH model performed better than the SETAR model. The experiments considered the Indian stock market data.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a naturally occurring nanofibrous biomaterial which exhibits unique physical properties and is amenable to chemical modifications. To explore whether this versatile material can be used in the treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD), we developed and characterized novel BC-based nanocomposite scaffolds, for example, BC-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) and BC-glycosaminoglycans (BC-GAG) that mimic bone and cartilage, respectively. In vitro biocompatibility of BC-HA and BC-GAG scaffolds was established using osteosarcoma cells, human articular chondrocytes, and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. On subcutaneous implantation, the scaffolds allowed tissue ingrowth and induced no adverse immunological reactions suggesting excellent in vivo biocompatibility. Implantation of acellular bilayered scaffolds in OCD created in rat knees induced progressive regeneration of cartilage tissue, deposition of extracellular matrix, and regeneration of subchondral bone by the host cells. The results of micro-CT revealed that bone mineral density and ratio of bone volume to tissue volume were significantly higher in animals receiving bilayered scaffold as compared to the control animals. To the best of our knowledge, this study proves for the first time, the functional performance of acellular BC-based bilayered scaffolds. Thus, this strategy has great potential for clinical translation and can be used in repair of OCD.

•2899 (40%) out of 7285 stool samples were rotavirus positive from 2005 to 2009.•G12 infections rose to 39% in Northern India and to 24% in the Western India.•8% of rotavirus detections had multiple G-types and 3% had multiple P-types. India accounts for 22% of the 453,000 global rotavirus deaths among children <5 years annually. The Indian Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network provides clinicians and public health partners with valuable rotavirus disease surveillance data. Our analysis offers policy-makers an update on rotavirus disease burden with emphasis on regional shifts in rotavirus strain epidemiology in India. Children <5 years requiring hospitalization for acute gastroenteritis were selected from 10 representative hospitals in 7 cities throughout India between November 2005 through June 2009. We used a modified World Health Organization protocol for rotavirus surveillance; stool specimens were collected and tested for rotavirus using enzyme immunoassay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A total of 7285 stool specimens collected were tested for rotavirus, among which 2899 (40%) were positive for rotavirus. Among the 2899 rotavirus detections, a G-type could not be determined for 662 (23%) and more than one G type was detected in 240 (8%). Of 1997 (69%) patients with only one G-type, the common types were G1 (25%), G2 (21%), G9 (13%), and G12 (10%). The proportion of rotavirus infections attributed to G12 infections rose from 8% to 39% in the Northern region and from 8% to 24% in the Western region. This study highlights the large, ongoing burden of rotavirus disease in India, as well as interesting regional shifts in rotavirus strain epidemiology, including an increasing detection of G12 rotavirus strains in some regions. While broad heterotypic protection from rotavirus vaccination is expected based on pre- and post-licensure data from other settings, effectiveness assessments and rotavirus strain monitoring after vaccine introduction will be important.

The combination of three blood-pressure-lowering drugs at low doses, with a statin, aspirin, and folic acid (the polypill), could reduce cardiovascular events by more than 80% in healthy individuals. We examined the effect of the Polycap on blood pressure, lipids, heart rate, and urinary thromboxane B2, and assessed its tolerability. In a double-blind trial in 50 centres in India, 2053 individuals without cardiovascular disease, aged 45–80 years, and with one risk factor were randomly assigned, by a central secure website, to the Polycap (n=412) consisting of low doses of thiazide (12·5 mg), atenolol (50 mg), ramipril (5 mg), simvastatin (20 mg), and aspirin (100 mg) per day, or to eight other groups, each with about 200 individuals, of aspirin alone, simvastatin alone, hydrochlorthiazide alone, three combinations of the two blood-pressure-lowering drugs, three blood-pressure-lowering drugs alone, or three blood-pressure-lowering drugs plus aspirin. The primary outcomes were LDL for the effect of lipids, blood pressure for antihypertensive drugs, heart rate for the effects of atenolol, urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 for the antiplatelet effects of aspirin, and rates of discontinuation of drugs for safety. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00443794. Compared with groups not receiving blood-pressure-lowering drugs, the Polycap reduced systolic blood pressure by 7·4 mm Hg (95% CI 6·1–8·1) and diastolic blood pressure by 5·6 mm Hg (4·7–6·4), which was similar when three blood-pressure-lowering drugs were used, with or without aspirin. Reductions in blood pressure increased with the number of drugs used (2·2/1·3 mm Hg with one drug, 4·7/3·6 mm Hg with two drugs, and 6·3/4·5 mm Hg with three drugs). Polycap reduced LDL cholesterol by 0·70 mmol/L (95% CI 0·62–0·78), which was less than that with simvastatin alone (0·83 mmol/L, 0·72–0·93; p=0·04); both reductions were greater than for groups without simvastatin (p<0·0001). The reductions in heart rate with Polycap and other groups using atenolol were similar (7·0 beats per min), and both were significantly greater than that in groups without atenolol (p<0·0001). The reductions in 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 were similar with the Polycap (283·1 ng/mmol creatinine, 95% CI 229·1–337·0) compared with the three blood-pressure-lowering drugs plus aspirin (350·0 ng/mmol creatinine, 294·6–404·0), and aspirin alone (348·8 ng/mmol creatinine, 277·6–419·9) compared with groups without aspirin. Tolerability of the Polycap was similar to that of other treatments, with no evidence of increasing intolerability with increasing number of active components in one pill. This Polycap formulation could be conveniently used to reduce multiple risk factors and cardiovascular risk. Cadila Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad, India.

Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important source for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. MSCs have shown promising results for repair of damaged tissues in various degenerative diseases in animal models and also in human clinical trials. However, little is known about the factors that could enhance the migration and tissue-specific engraftment of exogenously infused MSCs for successful regenerative cell therapy. Previously, we have reported that interleukin-3 (IL-3) prevents bone and cartilage damage in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Also, IL-3 promotes the differentiation of human MSCs into functional osteoblasts and increases their in-vivo bone regenerative potential in immunocompromised mice. However, the role of IL-3 in migration of MSCs is not yet known. In the present study, we investigated the role of IL-3 in migration of human MSCs under both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Methods MSCs isolated from human bone marrow, adipose and gingival tissues were used for in-vitro cell migration, motility and wound healing assays in the presence or absence of IL-3. The effect of IL-3 preconditioning on expression of chemokine receptors and integrins was examined by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. The in-vivo migration of IL-3-preconditioned MSCs was investigated using a subcutaneous matrigel-releasing stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) model in immunocompromised mice. Results We observed that human MSCs isolated from all three sources express IL-3 receptor-α (IL-3Rα) both at gene and protein levels. IL-3 significantly enhances in-vitro migration, motility and wound healing abilities of MSCs. Moreover, IL-3 preconditioning upregulates expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) on MSCs, which leads to increased migration of cells towards SDF-1α. Furthermore, CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 decreases the migration of IL-3-treated MSCs towards SDF-1α. Importantly, IL-3 also induces in-vivo migration of MSCs towards subcutaneously implanted matrigel-releasing-SDF-1α in immunocompromised mice. Conclusions The present study demonstrates for the first time that IL-3 has an important role in enhancing the migration of human MSCs through regulation of the CXCR4/SDF-1α axis. These findings suggest a potential role of IL-3 in improving the efficacy of MSCs in regenerative cell therapy.

The benefits of large-scale genetic studies for healthcare of the populations studied are well documented, but these genetic studies have traditionally ignored people from some parts of the world, such as South Asia. Here we describe whole genome sequence (WGS) data from 4806 individuals recruited from the healthcare delivery systems of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, combined with WGS from 927 individuals from isolated South Asian populations. We characterize population structure in South Asia and describe a genotyping array (SARGAM) and imputation reference panel that are optimized for South Asian genomes. We find evidence for high rates of reproductive isolation, endogamy and consanguinity that vary across the subcontinent and that lead to levels of rare homozygotes that reach 100 times that seen in outbred populations. Founder effects increase the power to associate functional variants with disease processes and make South Asia a uniquely powerful place for population-scale genetic studies. South Asia is home to almost 2 billion people but is extremely underrepresented in human genetics. This study uses genomes from ~5,000 South Asians to characterize genetic variation and help facilitate future South Asian genetic studies.