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To investigate the domains of physical activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare these findings to typically developed (TD) children. Methods: A cross-sectional study design. Responses of the four domains in Play Lifestyle and Activity in Youth (PLAY) questionnaire were descriptively analyzed and compared between children with CP (GMFCS I-II) and TD children. Results: Fifty-three children with CP (N = 53, 36 males and 17 females, age of 8.4 ± 1.7 years) and 58 TD children (N = 58, 34 males and 24 females, age of 7.6 ± 1.4 years) participated in this study. In analyses of daily behavior, reported participation in weekly (adaptive) physical education (PE) and sports were more frequent in children with CP (0.6 ± 0.5 days per week) compared to TD children (0.4 ± 0.6 days per week, p = 0.040). Outside play time including free play, organized (adaptive) sports and recess were higher in children with CP (2.7 ± 0.8 days per week) than TD children (2.4 ± 0.7 days per week, p = 0.022). About motivation/attitudes, a higher proportion of TD children feel sad if they are not able to play sports during the day (74.1%) compared to children with CP (48.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Physical activity level was comparable between children with CP and age-matched TD children, while TD children showed higher scores in knowledge and understanding, motivation/attitudes, and physical competence.

Telemedicine uses modern telecommunication technology to exchange medical information and provide clinical care to individuals at a distance. Initially intended to improve health care for patients in remote settings, telemedicine now has a broad clinical scope with the general purpose of providing convenient, safe, and time- and cost-efficient care. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has created marked nationwide changes in health care access and delivery. Elective appointments and procedures have been canceled or delayed, and multiple states still have some degree of shelter-in-place orders. Many institutions are now relying more heavily on telehealth services to continue to provide medical care to individuals while also preserving the safety of health care professionals and patients. Telemedicine can also help reduce the surge in health care needs and visits as restrictions are lifted. In recent weeks, there has been a significant amount of information and advice on how to best approach telemedicine visits. Given the frequent presentation of individuals with musculoskeletal complaints to the medical practitioner, it is important to have a framework for the virtual musculoskeletal physical examination. This will be of importance as telemedicine continues to evolve, even after coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions are lifted. This article will provide the medical practitioner performing a virtual musculoskeletal examination with a specific set of guidelines, both written and visual, to enhance the information obtained when evaluating the shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, and cervical and lumbar spine. In addition to photographs, accompanying videos are included to facilitate and demonstrate specific physical examination techniques that the patient can self-perform.

Purpose of Review The goal of this paper is to review the role and importance of exercise in the overall health and fitness of children with disabilities and to identify unique considerations in specific populations. Recent Findings Exercise and activity are known to be of critical importance to the health and well-being of typically developing children and adolescents. Children with disabling conditions are not immune to the obesity epidemic and even less likely to participate in structured or recreational activities than their typically developing peers. Although barriers to participation exist, studies largely support the same physiologic benefits of exercise in children with medical conditions and disabilities as those without. Providers must be aware of exercise precautions and restrictions specific to children with certain diagnoses. Furthermore, children with disabilities may need additional supports, accommodations, and individualization to facilitate participation. Future research should address activity guidelines for children with specific diagnoses as well as means of engaging children and adolescents with disabilities to participate in exercise. Summary Physical activity and exercise have been proven to be beneficial, safe, and effective for children and adolescents with disabilities, though some individuals will require special precautions for safety or adaptations to permit participation.