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This paper proposes a new combined controller, the proportional integral derivative-second derivative with a proportional derivative (PIDD2-PD), to improve the frequency response of a multi-area interconnected power system with multiple generating units linked to it. The optimum gains of the presented controller are well-tuned using a wild horse optimizer (WHO), a modern metaheuristic optimization approach. The main study is a two-area-linked power system with varied conventional and renewable generating units. The physical constraints of the speed turbines and governors are considered. The WHO optimization algorithm is proven to outperform various other optimization approaches, such as the whale optimization algorithms (WOA) and chimp optimization algorithms (ChOA). The efficacy of the proposed WHO-based PIDD2-PD controller is evaluated by comparing its performance to other controllers in the literature (cascaded proportional integral derivative-tilted integral derivative (PID-TID), integral derivative-tilted (ID-T) controller). Multiple and varied scenarios are applied in this work to test the proposed controller’s sturdiness to various load perturbations (step, random, and multi-step), renewable energy source penetration, and system parameter variations. The results are provided as time-domain simulations run using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results reveal that the suggested controller outperforms other structural controllers in the dynamic response of the system in terms of settling time, maximum overshoot, and undershoot values, with an improvement percentage of 70%, 73%, and 67%, respectively.

This paper applies an input–output (I-O) approach and a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine the economy-wide short- and long-run impacts of an increase in public capital investment in air transport infrastructure. The results of the I-O analysis reveal that air transport has above-average backward linkages with other sectors in the economy, with mining being the most intensive industry in intermediate input demand for air transport. The results of the CGE simulation show that at the macroeconomic level, expanding public air transport stock induces modest growth in GDP, employment, income, consumption, private investment, and trade. The findings show that the estimated impact of air transport investment is lower than estimated in studies on the “multiplier effect” of the investment using partial equilibrium techniques.

In this article, the problem of voltage and frequency stability in a hybrid multi-area power system including renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles has been investigated. Fractional order systems have been used to design innovative controllers for both load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) based on the combination of fractional order proportional-integral and proportional-integral-derivative plus double derivative (FOPI–PIDD2). Here, the dandelion optimizer (DO) algorithm is used to optimize the proposed FOPI–PIDD2 controller to stabilize the voltage and frequency of the system. Finally, the results of simulations performed on MATLAB/Simulink show fast, stable, and robust performance based on sensitivity analysis, as well as the superiority of the proposed optimal control strategy in damping frequency fluctuations and active power, exchanged between areas when faced with step changes in load, the changes in the generation rate of units, and the uncertainties caused by the wide changes of dynamic values.

The current literature on social responsibility in tourism is criticized for its bias in focusing on business ethics and responsibility while neglecting the tourist perspective. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the underlying factors of tourist social responsibility (TSR) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the Saudi tourism market. Based on the common scale development procedures, including a thorough review of the literature, identifying TSR domains and items, purifying the measurement scale, and demonstrating its reliability, a five-dimensional 24-item scale is developed. The findings reveal that TSR can be measured based on five distinct factors: (1) “Responsibility for legal and social aspects”, (2) “Responsibility for COVID-19 health issues”, (3) “Responsibility for altruism and solidarity”, (4) “Responsibility for supporting socially responsible businesses”, and (5) “Responsibility for environmental impacts”. Moreover, the results confirm the significant relationship between TSR attitude and tourists’ intention to behave socially. These findings enable policymakers to understand the TSR notion and factors influencing tourists to be more socially responsible during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to realize a more resilient and sustainable tourism sector.

More than 4000 graffiti are scattered throughout the Theban necropolis. Among them, around 2500 graffiti can be dated to Nineteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-First Dynasties. These New Kingdom graffiti were made by members of the community of workmen from Deir el-Medina. Only a small group of no more than 120 graffiti consist of depictions of deities and veneration scenes. The interpretation of graffiti with depictions of Amun-Re on rock surfaces in the Valley of the Kings reveals valuable information regarding their locations. This study thus attempts to identify particular locations in the valley where the workmen of Deir el-Medina venerated Amun-Re in different forms. These spots may have been considered to be of religious significance to the workmen of Deir el-Medina. تشتمل الواجهات الصخرة لجبل طيبة الغري - حيث جبانة طيبة - على أكثر من 4000 مخربشة (جرافتى). منها حوالي 2500 مخربشة تركها عمال دير المدينة وترجع لعصر الأسرات التاسعة عشرة والعشرون والحادية والعشرون. من بين هذا العدد الكبير من المخربشات توجد مجموعة صغيرة لا تزيد عن 120 مخربشة لها مدلول ديني إذ تشمل صور معبودات ومناظر تعبد. تؤدي دراسة المخربشات التي تصور آمون رع على الواجهات الصخرية بوادي الملوك إلى فهم أعمق لأماكن وجودها والهدف منها. ولذا تقوم هذه المقالة على دراسة مجموعة المخربشات التي تصور المعبود آمون رع بأشكاله المختلفة في الوادي لفهم الهدف منها والعلاقة المكانية والزمانية بينها والوقوف على أهميتها الدينية لعمال دير المدينة.

Graffiti have the power to transform a space within a given landscape into a meaningful place. This study undertakes an in-depth analysis of more than 4000 graffiti created by the workmen of Deir el-Medina in the Theban Mountain during the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1050 BCE), with a particular emphasis on the Valley of the Kings. Additionally, the research contributes to the existing documentation by publishing graffiti numbers 1406–1526, identified as ‘Carter Graffiti’ in the Valley of the Kings. Significantly, these graffiti have not been previously published, addressing a notable gap in scholarly knowledge. Acknowledging that the documentation of unpublished graffiti surveyed by Howard Carter from 1915 to 1918 served primarily an exploratory and documentary purpose, this study seizes the opportunity for extensive, on-site examination and analysis. The principal objective is to elucidate the evolution of graffiti-making practices and the multifaceted roles of these informal inscriptions, particularly within the Deir el-Medina community context. To achieve this aim, the research employs three case studies, undertaking the following endeavours: to employ spatial analysis related theories, including post-phenomenology, to understand the influence of the landscape on the making of graffiti. This includes investigating the spatial and environmental factors that influenced the selection of locations of graffiti and patterns of their making; to apply place-making and place-marking related theories to understand how graffiti transformed spaces into meaningful places; to employ the social network analysis theory as a lens to understand the influence of social relations among graffiti writers on the graffiti-making process. This approach aims to unravel the intricate dynamics and impact of social networks on the making of graffiti within the historical and spatial context of the Valley of the Kings; to examine and analyse the content and context of the graffiti created by the Deir el-Medina community within the Valley of the Kings. This investigation considers the diachronic (historical evolution over time), diatopic (spatial distribution), and socio-stratigraphic (social layers) dimensions. This includes the examination of the characteristics of particular graffiti, such as self-presentation, updated self-presentations in graffiti, and their role in social dynamics and the appropriation of the landscape. The analysis of content also involves investigation of patterns and motivations behind selecting specific locations and the potential influence of earlier graffiti on later creations. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the ancient Egyptians employed graffiti as a medium for engaging in discourse not only with their immediate surroundings and landscape but also with their contemporaries and, possibly, posterity. It endeavours to illuminate the diverse functions and significances of graffiti in the lives of the Deir el-Medina community members and beyond.

In this article, the problem of voltage and frequency stability in a hybrid multi-area power system including renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles has been investigated. Fractional order systems have been used to design innovative controllers for both load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) based on the combination of fractional order proportional-integral and proportional-integral-derivative plus double derivative (FOPI–PIDD[sup.2] ). Here, the dandelion optimizer (DO) algorithm is used to optimize the proposed FOPI–PIDD[sup.2] controller to stabilize the voltage and frequency of the system. Finally, the results of simulations performed on MATLAB/Simulink show fast, stable, and robust performance based on sensitivity analysis, as well as the superiority of the proposed optimal control strategy in damping frequency fluctuations and active power, exchanged between areas when faced with step changes in load, the changes in the generation rate of units, and the uncertainties caused by the wide changes of dynamic values.

Domestic tourism is the mainstay of tourism demand for many destinations. However, it does not receive as much attention as international tourism does in either academic or governmental research. There is no global database on domestic tourism statistics and no global view of overall volume and value trend statistics based on integrated measurements that include both domestic and international tourism travel. To begin to address this lacuna, this article assesses the domestic tourism demand data coverage and methods in 20 selected countries. Through exploratory comparative analyses and based on the findings, the study develops a list of critical success indicators to be used as inputs to a data-driven strategy for domestic tourism. This list includes 17 indicators grouped into three categories (basic data, indices, and market intelligence data). Furthermore, the study proposes methodological aspects to be considered when measuring domestic tourism: data source, the operational definition of usual environment, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. These proposed aspects offer potential guidelines to countries that plan to conduct new domestic tourism surveys or to improve current survey methodologies.

As a field of study within in-class context, translation has always been profoundly subjected to language learning and teaching strategies. With the integration of technology into language learning in general and the translation industry in particular, translation methodologies and practices have witnessed significant developments to cope with the required level of competence demanded by market. Since then, the question of \"How can university students majored in translation master translation competence?\" has been a topic of debate. For quite some time, students have been receiving Traditional Translation Teaching (TTT) approaches; within the usual classroom settings. However, they had to seek the required translation training and knowledge about Computer Aided Translation (CAT) tools, Machine Translation (MT), and Neural Machine Translation (NMT) from actual localization and interpretation providers. But with the emergence of human-machine interactive models such as ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence has become a prominent method for Generating Content (AIGC). The present study aims at investigating the best teaching methods and curriculum designs to help educators embed such technologies in teaching translation. Also, it sheds light on the necessity of Teaching Translation With Technology (TTWT) in universities' classrooms for students to develop the required translation competence