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Nano-metamaterials designed to operate at a certain resonance frequency enhance the magnitude of terahertz (THz) wave transmission by three orders of magnitude or even more. In this pursuit, controlling magnitude of resonant transmission and tuning the resonance frequency is increasingly important for application in low power THz electronics and devices. THz optical properties of chemically doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have been studied, however its effect on the THz transmission properties in combination with nano-metamaterials have not yet been demonstrated. Here we demonstrate the efficient control over resonant THz transmission and tuning of resonance frequency of different nano-metamaterials using PEDOT:PSS, without any toxic chemical doping. By ease of simple solution processing with single step and drop-casting 10 μL aqueous solution of PEDOT:PSS on different nano-metamaterials with varied concentrations, we were able to dynamically control the THz transmission along with resonance frequency. This dynamic control of transmission and shift in resonance frequency can be attributed to improved conductivity of PEDOT:PSS and its interaction with strongly localized THz field of the metamaterial.

BackgroundA symbiotic connection between Piriformospora indica and Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettest, obtained through co-cultivation synergism, was found to improve growth, biomass production, and bacoside content in the plants. Brahmi (B. monnieri L.), a well-known Indian plant prized for its memory-boosting properties, has a lengthy history and a premium price tag. Because of its remarkable ability to colonize a wide variety of plant species, the axenically cultivable mycorrhiza-like endophytic fungus P. indica has gained a lot of interest recently.MethodsIn the current study, fungal spores from recently revived cultures were added to jam bottles next to rooted Brahmi plants for in vitro co-cultivation. The control plants were left without fungal discs. Pre-rooted micro-propagated Brahmi plants were treated with agar discs containing actively growing hyphae. For a period of 3 months, both trials were conducted with a fully randomized setup. Microscopy of the treated and control plant roots verified co-cultivation.ResultsMicroscopic examination of the roots of co-cultivated plants reveals a high degree of colonization with host plants. These endophytic fungal structures include intracellular chlamydospores, and arbuscules, an intercellular and intracellular hyphae network, and a mycelial network on the root surface. In both in vitro and in vivo co-cultivation studies, the plant extended the host plant’s lifespan in 3 months by displaying continuous regeneration; in contrast, the control plant displayed signs of senescence. With biomass exceeding the control by 1.18 times in vivo and 1.28 times in vitro. In vitro, co-cultivation circumstances also led to an increase in the rate of utilization of nutritional medium. In comparison to the control, the amount of bacoside increases to 100% in vivo after a month of co-cultivation and 33% in vitro after 3 months.ConclusionsIn the present investigation, in vivo co-cultivation showed a favorable interaction effect on biomass production as well as bacoside content, which can satisfy the raw material demands of Brahmi plants in pharmaceutical industries.

Accessory breast tissue, associated with polymastia and polythelia, presents challenges and concerns, particularly when patients fear malignancy. While occurring in 1-6% of cases, accessory breasts, often located bilaterally in the axillae, necessitate careful examination. We report a 35-year-old male with painful axillary swelling who underwent high-resolution ultrasonography (HR-USG) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), revealing proper axillary breast tissue. Subsequent excision biopsy confirmed accessory axillary breast without malignancy. In conclusion, surgical removal of accessory axillary breasts is advisable, addressing cosmetic concerns and minimizing cancer risks.

Plexiform schwannoma (PS), or neurilemmoma, is an uncommon benign tumor originating from a peripheral nerve sheath. It consists of Schwann cells organized in an intricate, web-like pattern. A male farmer in his 50s from rural India sought medical attention for a painless mass on his left thigh, present for 30 years. Physical examination revealed a firm, non-tender mass with restricted mobility. Imaging, including X-ray and ultrasound, indicated a neoplastic lesion. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology revealed spindle-shaped cells, prompting a provisional diagnosis of a spindle cell lesion. Surgical excision was performed successfully, with histopathological examination confirming PS. He experienced no postoperative complications, and at the one-year follow-up, the complete resolution of symptoms and normal daily activities were observed.

Disease control using microbes that exhibit beneficial effects on plants to strengthen the host is a foremost requirement in agriculture. The aim of the present study is to search for an effective biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia solani endowed with high plant growth potential. A total of 95 bacterial strains were isolated from the soybean plant rhizosphere and screened in vitro against R. solani by dual culture technique, revealing that strain PB-35(R11) was the most efficient for controlling R. solani with 54.835% inhibition. Isolate PB-35 was identified by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing as Bacillus mojavensis . It was observed that, in order to effectively control R. solani in vitro, B. mojavensis produced volatile metabolites. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of aldehyde (CHO) group (1739.79 cm −1 ), acetyl group (1896.03 cm −1 ), and cyanide group (2360.87 cm −1 ) in the crude extract of isolate PB-35(R11). Furthermore, the siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA), catalase, oxidase, and chitinase production ability as well as phosphate solubilization potential of PB-35(R11) make it beneficial for crop growth and soil biofortification.

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling is the active displacement of nucleosomes along or off DNA induced by chromatin remodeling complexes. This key process of gene regulation in eukaryote organisms has recently been argued to be controlled by a kinetic proofreading mechanism. In this paper we present a discussion of the current understanding of this process. We review the case of gene repression via heterochromatin formation by remodelers from the ISWI family and then discuss the activation of the IFN-β gene, where the displacement of the nucleosome is initiated by histone tail acetylations by the enzyme GCN5 which are required for the recruitment of SWI-SNF remodelers. We quantify the speci city of the acetylation step in the remodeling process by peptide docking simulations.

Availability of suitable hybrids for drought or cultivation under aerobic situation is scarce in rice. Therefore, there is a dire need for developing of potential male sterile line for the production of promising hybrids. In this way, present study conducted was development of male sterile line suitable for aerobic rice hybrids in limited generationswith the use of markerassisted backcrossing. The present studywas conducted using strategy of marker assisted background selection for the development of new malesterile line in rice. A male sterile line KCMS31A was used as a donor parent for male sterility and a promising genotype MAS99 (early maturing and suitable for aerobic condition) as a recurrent parent. Backcrossing was carried out from 2013 to 2014. Phenotypic foreground selection was carried out in each generation by pollen fertility test. Based on parental polymorphism survey, 96 polymorphic SSR markers were identified and utilised for the marker assisted background selection in BC3F1 generation. Further, BC4F1 plants were evaluated for morphological characters. Analysis of data showed that all the plants were totally male sterile and the plants coded as BC3F1-5-7 (96.88%), BC3F1-5-10 (96.88%), BC3F1-5-15 (96.88%) and BC3F1-5-17 (95.83%) were found to be recovered maximum recurrent parent genome and they were advanced to BC4F1. Evaluation of new BC4F1 male sterile line pertaining to morphological traits revealed that the trait means were on par with the original fertile counterpart MAS 99 B line. The results confirmed the supremacy of marker assisted selection in backcross breeding aimed at the recovery of recurrent parent genome as quickly as possible and this is the first effort made by authors to develop male sterile line fit to utilise in hybrid rice programme underaerobiccondition.

The effect of different temperature variations on the life table statistics of Bracon hebetor was observed. Longevity of male parasitoid was shorter than females at all temperature levels taken for experimentation. The progeny sex ratio was female biased at lower temperature variants in comparison to high temperature levels. The net fecundity rate and total fecundity rate were higher at 30 degree C followed by 20 degree C & 40 degree C. At 10 degree C though the longevity was increased tremendously but the parasitoid failed to produce any progeny. The innate capacity of an increase in number, the intrinsic rate of increase, the finite rate of increase and weekly multiplication rate, was highest on 30 degree C followed by 20 degree C & 40 degree C. The doubling time was shortest on 30 degree C than 20 degree C & 40 degree C showing an inverse ratio to and. On the basis of life table statistics of Bracon hebetor, a gregarious ectoparasite, the temperature levels can be placed in order of their suitability for parasitoid population growth as 30 degree C > 20x-deg-xC > 40x-deg-xC.

Light can carry a spin angular momentum, an intrinsic and extrinsic orbital angular momentum, associated with a circular polarization, optical vortex beams, and varying beam trajectories, respectively. The interplay between these momenta yields the spin-orbit interaction of light, in which the spin (circular polarization) controls the spatial (orbital) degrees of freedom of light: either the extrinsic (trajectory) or the intrinsic orbital angular momentum (vortex). While the well-known spin-orbit interaction of light plays a crucial role in nano-optics by providing spin-controlled light manipulation, the interaction between the intrinsic and the extrinsic orbital angular momentum - the orbit-orbit interaction of light - has remained elusive. In this interplay, the helical phase fronts of optical vortices control the spatial trajectory of light, giving rise to vortex-dependent shifts of optical beams. We report the orbit-orbit interaction of light in a plasmonic ellipse cavity, whose unique geometry facilitates the interplay when a vortex is considered in one of the foci of the ellipse. In this configuration, the orbit-orbit interaction is achieved by the interplay between the vortex of the source and the ellipse-induced transverse shift of the source beam, positioned at one of the focal points - thus inducing transverse vortex-dependent shifts at the second focal point. Strikingly, the orbit-orbit interaction of light significantly enhances the toolbox available for controlling light by leveraging the manifold orbital angular momentum states for vortex-controlled light manipulation - in contrast to light manipulation based on the spin-orbit interaction, which exploits the binary polarization helicity.

Dammann gratings - beam-shaping optical elements acting as beam multipliers with equal-power beams - are a key element in three-dimensional imaging based on structured light and beam combiners for high-power laser applications. However, two-dimensional Dammann grating structures suffer from a significant reduction of the uniformity among the diffraction orders. Here, we report Dammann metasurfaces based on the geometric phase as the structure realization for the target phase profile, which outperform the capabilities of Dammann gratings by overcoming the uniformity defects in their two-dimensional diffraction patterns. We showed that two-dimensional Dammann metasurfaces exhibit high uniformity and diffraction efficiency, in contrast to Dammann gratings, by overcoming the uniformity defects via a robust and highly precise phase imprint. Moreover, Dammann metasurfaces outperform their grating counterparts by exhibiting a polarization-independent response and a broadband operation. This study reveals that by providing physics-driven solutions, metasurfaces can outperform the capabilities of their bulk optics counterparts while facilitating virtually flat, ultrathin, and lightweight optics.