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This research aimed to study the compatibility of some Trichoderma spp. isolates on some synthetic chemical pesticides carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University from April up to July 2014. Trichoderma isolates were derived from rhizosphere exploration on ginger, banana, pineapple and shallot. The synthetic pesticides used were mancozeb and propineb (fungicides), oxytetracycline and streptomycin sulfate (agrimycin, bactericides), carbofuran (nematicide), and deltamethrin and prefenophos (insecticides: synthetic pyrethroids and chiral organophosphates, respectively). The compatibility test used food poisoning method in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Variables observed were discolouration, sporulation, colony diameter, conidia density, and fungal growth at pesticides treatment. The data were analyzed by F test at 5 % significant level and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when there was a significant difference. The result of the research showed that the most significant decreasing of Trichoderma spp. was found on mancozeb for shallot, ginger, and banana isolates, and propineb for pineapple isolate, respectively, 89.4, 97.7, 93.3, and 95.2 %. This result was in line with colour, sporulation, and inhibition level observation.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed production using the aeroponic system has been widely implemented in Indonesia. However, aeroponic systems in tropical areas such as Indonesia faced obstacles in the form of high wilt attacks caused by the bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. This research aimed to control R. solanacearum wilt disease in an aeroponic system using various microbes. The research was carried out from September 2022 to January 2023. This research consisted of four stages, namely exploration and isolation of microorganisms, identification of microbial antagonism, testing of in vitro potential microbial antagonism and testing of selected microbial antagonism in the aeroponic system. The nutrients used in the aeroponic system contained R. solanacearum with a concentration of 10 (4) CFU mL (-1), while the concentration of the microbial solution used was 10 (8) CFU mL (-1). Pseudomonas fluorescence was consistently the best microbe both in vitro and in aeroponics, whereas Bacillus subtilis could only overcome wilt in vitro and could not overcome wilt in aeroponic system. Pseudomonas fluorescence required 5 min soaking time and could increase wilt with increasing soaking time. The consortium between B. subtilis and P. fluorescence with 10 min soaking time could overcome wilt by 85% and increase the number of tubers and tuber weight by 79% and 85%, respectively, so this prospective microbial consortium could be applied to aeroponic systems environmentally friendly in tropical areas with high R. solanacearum opportunities.

Banana bunchy top is one of the most damaging diseases in banana cultivation. However, the distribution and molecular diversity of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) as well as its alternative hosts in Indonesia have not been reported since 1998. A total of 257 banana leaf samples were collected from the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua, Bali, Sumbawa, Timor, and Sumba from 2016 to 2019. The BBTV was detected through PCR in samples from all islands except Kalimantan. A molecular analysis showed that all BBTV isolates belonged to the South East Asian (SEA) subgroup. Based on the DNA-S and DNA-C analysis, the isolates from Sulawesi and Halmahera islands were closely related to those from the Philippines, while the remaining isolates were highly similar to those previously reported from Sumatra, Java, and Bali. Natural infection of BBTV was also recorded on abaca (Musa textilis), wild banana (M. acuminata subsp. sumatrana), ornamental pink banana (M. velutina), galangal (Alpinia galangal), and turmeric (Curcuma longa).