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This paper contributes to a larger endeavour of understanding how mathematics textbooks are used in classrooms and what shapes the specific forms of their use. Three types of mathematics textbook analysis have been previously identified, namely, horizontal, vertical, and contextual analysis. Based on literature review, we discuss how these three types of analysis can be usefully combined, and explain why contextual analysis, where data on textbook use is collected in classrooms, provides the most revealing insights. We argue that because of its relevance for textbook design as well as for teacher professional development, researchers should consider including the contextual analysis when analysing textbooks.

The aim of this research was to describe the Multiple Intelligence optimize activity using discovery learning models that improve learning outcome in trigonometry class. The type of this research was classroom action research, with the steps were planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The subject of this research was students of Mathematics Education who took trigonometry class in the first semester of the academic year 2017/2018. The instrument used was a test of Multiple Intelligence, observation sheet and learning outcome test. The results of the analysis of activity observation sheet with discovery learning and Multiple Intelligence tests obtained: 1). Linguistic intelligence was optimized with the discussions and respond to the problem, 2) Mathematical-logical and intrapersonal intelligence optimized through the activities of verification, 3) musical intelligence was optimized through listening to music in the application of the concepts activity, 4) Space-visually intelligence optimized through working on the problems in the application concept activity, 5) interpersonal intelligence was optimized through data collection activity occurred cooperation in solving the problems 6) Space-spatial intelligence could optimized directly by expressing the concept after making the observation and manipulation of props. The average of learning outcome increased in every cycles, the average of learning outcome in the 1st cycle was 69,92. The average of learning outcome in the 2st cycle increased to 78,45. The average of learning outcome in the 2st cycle increased to 85,48.

Giant pituitary adenomas are clinically nonfunctioning adenomas, and the clinical presentation is usually secondary to compression of the neighboring structures. Visual impairment and visual field defect are the most common preoperative symptoms, followed by headache. Generalized seizures may occur in giant pituitary adenomas when there is involvement of frontal lobes or medial temporal lobes. We present a case of a unilateral nasal mass with generalized seizures in a 55-year-old woman without prior episode of seizure and any predisposing factors. Imaging showed a sinonasal tumor with intracranial extension and histopathological examination confirmed a corticotroph adenoma. On seeing a patient with a unilateral nasal mass extending down from the roof of nasal cavity, olfactory neuroblastoma, or meningo-encephalocoele readily comes to mind. To avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment, imaging and, if possible, a biopsy should be considered. Giant pituitary adenoma although not common should be thought of as one of the differential diagnosis.

I WELCOME the call by Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak for a change of attitude towards the Orang Asli. The centre aims to contribute to a better understanding towards the problems and needs of the Malaysian indigenous people, particularly the Orang Asli, through multi-disciplinary research; develop interactive rapport between mainstream young Malaysians and Orang Asli communities through awareness programmes and community projects; and encourage networking with other related centres nationally and globally. The centre has, among others, introduced a 28-hour teaching module on \"Orang Asli and Current Issues\" as an elective course for University of Malaya's undergraduate students, conducted homestay programmes for international students at Tanjung Sepat, Banting; and is working alongside Juita (Johor Association of State Assemblymen's Wives) and the Johor Government in organising Gaya Hidup Sihat Juita at Kampung Bumiputra Dalam, Rengit, Batu Pahat.

Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extractions of Pleurotus ostreatus would measure on body temperature and the C-Reactive protein (CRP) in rats induced by carrageenan. In this study, 30 rats were divided; group I (normal control) group II (negative control- caraggenan), group III (positive control- ibuprofen 400 mg / time), group IV and V (treatment I and II: ethanolic extract at 250 and 500 mg / kg BB). The Rats' body temperature was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6 hours and at the 6th hour the qualitative and semiquantitative CRP was examined. The results showed that the temperature was reduced in the 1st to 6th hour, with different patterns. The Kruskal Wallis test shows significant P-values in the 2nd hour (0.02) and 6th (0.02). The qualitative CRP was analyzed using the Fisher Test and showed a significance at 1:2 dilutions (p=0), while the semiquantitative CRP is only at 1: 1 a dilution (p=0.0). The ethanol extraction of Pleurotus ostreatus at the dose of 250 mg and 500 mg / Kg BB showed a decrease in temperature and CRP, which was quite good when compared with ibuprofen. This result confirms about anti-inflammatory effect of the mushroom.

The second-order rate constants for the oxidation of maleic ( Z-butenedioc) and fumaric ( E-butenedioc) acid derivatives by potassium permanganate at pH 13 were determined. These constants varied by a factor of 10 4 . The results suggested that the rates of attack of the permanganate ion on the double bonds were largely governed by steric factors with electrostatic and electronic effects playing only a minor role.