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In various countries worldwide, solar water heater systems (SWHs) are utilized as devices that harness solar energy as a primary energy source. This study investigates the performance of SWHs numerical simulation by integrating phase change material (PCM) paraffin wax onto an absorber plate collector at the bottom for thermal storage. This study presents the thermal performance of a SWHs that uses an absorber plate with PCM for thermal energy storage. In this test, four variations of the model tested, namely a) standard flat plate (SFP), b) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 10mm (SFP+PCM 10mm), c) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 7mm (SFP+PCM 7mm), and d) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 4mm (SFP+PCM 4mm), were investigated using numerical simulation. Initially, an analytical investigation was conducted to examine the material qualities of paraffin wax utilised for phase change material (PCM) storage. The SWH systems were subsequently imported and simulated under three different levels of continuous solar radiation: 400 W/m 2 700 W/m 2 and 1000 W/m 2 . The simulation incorporates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The results of the study revealed that the collector of the SWH system, which utilised an absorber plate containing phase change material (PCM) storage, demonstrated exceptional performance. Models with a thickness of 7mm PCM or SFP+PCM 7mm have the highest efficiency compared to other models with an efficiency value of 64%. There is a 3-4% increase in efficiency with variations in models that use PCM thermal storage compared to models that do not use PCM thermal storage.

Several industries produce waste that can not be degraded naturally or toxic to a living organism, i.e., dyes waste. Fungi were considered as the best candidates for dyes waste treatment among other microorganisms because of fungi more resistance in the lack of nutrient conditions. Besides, their biomass can also function as an adsorbent that was able to absorb dyes so that it is more effectively applied. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility Aspergillus keratitidis to degrade Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the solid and liquid state. Dyes decolorization in the solid-state was observed based on clear zone produced, and in the liquid state, decolorization was determined spectrophotometrically. A. keratitidis was able to decolorize synthetic dyes in both media, solid and liquid state. CR was more effective dyes to be removed by A. keratitidis than MB. This fungus able to decolorize about 96% of 200 ppm CR within seven days and 63% of 100 ppm MB within ten days. Moreover, MB was more toxic dyes than CR, which inhibited A. keratitidis growth. A. keratitis was suggested involved lignolytic enzyme on dyes decolorization due to it can degrade lignin compound, but it needs a further study to prove it. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report about a potential study of A. keratitidis in dyes decolorization and lignin degradation activity.

Beneng Taro ( Xanthosoma undipes ) is one of the taro that grows in a specific location developed in the Banten Province, Indonesia. Taro has the main component in the form of flour and starch are widely used. However for further use, there are components that cause itching in the form of oxalate levels that must be lowered. Several process technologies can be utilized to optimize thecharacteristics of taro flour, making it feasible to be used as raw main based material for furtherfood processing. The purpose of this research activity to carry out the production process along with physical characterization and oxalate content of taro beneng flour. The research method consisted of a variation of the immersion treatment and the drying process. The results obtained were then analyzed for yield, color, whiteness, moisture content and oxalate content of the resulted flour. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that immersion using NaCl, sodium metabisulfite and citric acid can reduce the oxalate content. In the variation of the combination of 0.5% citric acid addition in immersion with sun drying method is effective treatment. While the combination of 0.1% citric acid is effective in the oven drying method. The results ofthis production process can be further developed in the field in a larger capacity.

The presented study investigates the experiment of the thermal performance of sea water solar distillation system using flat absorber plate and fin absorber plate with phase change material (PCM) storage. The two distillation systems operated simultaneously under the same conditions to study its thermal performances. The experimental investigation shows that the distillation using fin absorber plate with PCM storage achieves better thermal performance than that of using flat absorber plate. The daily water productivity of the distillation using fin absorber plate with PCM is 262.75 mL m −2 in average and the other one is 142.85 mL m −2 in average. The average daily efficiency increases of 48.5 % of the distillation using fin absorber plate with PCM storage compared with the distillation using flat absorber plate. Using absorber plate with fin and PCM storage in the distillation system contributes to increase the thermal performance of the system.

Remote sensing has become one of the most used methods in geothermal exploration. This technology is used to detect the presence of lineaments located in the area of geothermal exploration. The lineament can be expressed in the form of ridges and valleys. These features are closely related to the existence of geological structures. Geological structures act as weak zones (permeable zones) for the fluid to come out to the surface which will provide the circulation that forms the geothermal system. The research area is geographically located in 06°35'58\" S and 106°17'01\" E. Overall, the area of the research is about 325 km2 included 51 sub-districts in Lebak Regency, Province of Banten. This research area covers the entire area of Mount Endut and east of Mount Talaga and was included in the geological map of Leuwidamar dominated by Pleistocene Endut volcanic rocks (Qpv) which consists of volcanic breccia, lava, and tuff. The geological structures that developed in the study area are in the form of faults and folds. The data used in lineaments extraction were Digital Elevation Model derived from ASTER GDEM which has a vertical accuracy of 10-25 m. Meanwhile, the data on the existence of manifestations were obtained from the Geothermal Potential book published by the Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. In extracting lineaments, the PCI Geomatica software was automatically used with the LINE algorithm. In the calculation of ground surface temperature, ENVI software is used together with The Law of Wien Shift. The general direction of alignments obtained is NNW-SSE. There are 5 unexpected faults related to the distribution of surface manifestations. The results of the structure interpretation in general show the relationship with the existence of surface ground temperature anomalies distribution. This is caused by the existence of a weak zone (permeable zone) as a place for the hot fluid to escape which will affect the surface temperature of the ground.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oxygen availability in the cathode chamber is crucial for electricity generation in sediment microbial fuel cells. Microalgae, such as Spirulina platensis, can enhance dissolved oxygen through photosynthesis. Microalgae integration in sediment microbial fuel cells enhances power output, pollutant removal, and biomass recovery. The study objectives were to assess electricity generation, pollutant removal, cathode biofilm formation, and Spirulina platensis growth in an sediment microbial fuel cells system.METHODS: Sediment microbial fuel cells were assembled using sediment and overlying water from a polluted artificial lake. Spirulina platensis was obtained from a local aquaculture center and added in four volumetric ratios to lake water (0/2000, 400/1600, 1200/800, and 1600/400 milliliters) as catholyte. The reactors operated in closed-circuit mode for 28 days. Parameters measured included current and power density, sediment microbial fuel cell -based biofilm formation, and algal biomass and chlorophyll content.FINDINGS: The 1600 to 400 milliliters configuration achieved the highest power density of 83.61 milliwatts per square meter and current density of 48.43 milliamperes per square meter, approximately 43 percent higher than the control. The 1200 to 800 milliliters setup exhibited the best pollutant removal performance. The 1200 to 800 milliliters showed, chemical oxygen demand on overlying water was reduced from 139.44 ± 6.97 milligrams per liter to 69.42 ± 8.37 milligrams per liter (p = 0.0025), ammonia nitrogen from 1.72 ± 0.27 milligrams per liter to 0.06 ± 0.03 milligrams per liter. The 1200/800 condition achieved the highest biomass levels during day 21 with 0.96 grams per liter. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dense biofilm and filamentous microalgae structures on the cathode, facilitating oxygen production and electron transfer.CONCLUSION: Spirulina platensis significantly improves sediment microbial fuel cells performance through oxygen generation, pollutant removal, and biomass growth. The 1600/400 ratio is optimal for electricity generation, while 1200/800 is preferable for bioremediation and microalgae productivity. Further research should target long-term performance and nutrient management.

Background: Facing many patients while the workers were limited prompted health workers to make a quick decision regarding health-care waste. High workload pressured health workers and put them at risk of getting diseases than others, especially diseases from medical waste that they took care. Besides, as health workers, they should be clean from bacteria or viruses that can transmit  diseases to their patients. This research aimed to investigate the factors associated with occupational safety practice of hazardous health-care waste management in Bengkulu City. Method: This cross-sectional study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 230 respondents who work as health workers to respond to a questionnaire interview. The data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to find the association between the outcomes and the independent variables. Results: The prevalence of   poor  occupational safety practice of hazardous health-carewaste management was 35.21 % (95% CI = 29.27-41.66).  The factors significantly associated with occupational safety practice of hazardous health-care waste management were; gender (p-value < 0.001), department/unit (p-value < 0.001), knowledge (p-value < 0.001), and spirituality (p-value  < 0.001). Conclusion:  gGnder, department/unit, knowledge, and spirituality were associated with occupational safety practice of hazardous health-carewaste management in Bengkulu City.