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"Rahman, Fazlur"
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Personal and perceived stigma towards mental disorders among attendants of patients with mental illness in selected health facilities of Bangladesh
The objective of this study was to explore the stigma among attendants (close relatives or other caregivers) who brought patients with mental illness to the selected mental health facilities in Bangladesh. This mixed-method study was part of a nationwide survey where respondents were conveniently selected. Cross-sectional data were collected from 176 attendants of patients with mental illness, and qualitative data were collected from 40 respondents. Quantitative data were collected in hand-held tablets using the Day’s Mental Illness Stigma Scale questionnaire. Qualitative data was collected in recorders, using a semi-structured guideline. The attendants had more stigma around the patients’ ability to maintain relationships, hygiene and discretion regarding their illness, with the highest level of stigma towards hygiene issues (score: 5.4). There was more positive attitude towards the treatability, curability, and recovery of the patients due to faith in the professional expertise of the service providers at mental health facilities, with the least level of stigma towards professional expertise (score: 6.4). Older people, females, and educated attendants were generally less stigmatized towards patients with mental illness than their counterparts. This study found that more stigma was present around the domains’ relationships, hygiene, anxiety, and visibility, while less stigma was present around the domains’ treatability, curability, and recovery of the patients. Further studies can be conducted to understand the effect of various factors on stigma, to aid in the development of interventions and counselling frameworks.
Journal Article
المسائل الكبرى في القرآن الكريم
كتب المسلمون وغير المسلمين الكثير عن القرآن الكريم. فمفسرو القرآن الكريم من فقهاء الإسلام قد أفاضوا في تفسير القرآن الكريم متناولين سوره آية آية بدقة متناهية وبصرف النظر عن أن جل مشاريع التفسير يعبر بإسهاب عن وجهات نظر ذات أغراض معينة، فإن التفاسير بطبيعة منهجها لا يمكن أن تؤدي إلى تبصر كامل بالقرآن الكريم وإعطاء نظرة متماسكة عن العالم الغني الذي يزخر به ولا شك، القرآن الكريم وفي الفترة المعاصرة، أنتج غير المسلمين والمسلمون أنفسهم عددا من الأعمال أعادوا فيها ترتيب سور القرآن الكريم بحسب موضوعاتها. وعلى الرغم من أن هذه الأعمال يمكن أن تصلح، في حدود ما، مصدرا أو فهرسا، إلا أنها لا تقدم العون لمن يرغب في الاطلاع بنفسه على ما يقوله القرآن الكريم عن الله والإنسان أو المجتمع. فلهذا نأمل في أن يستجيب هذا التأليف للحاجة الملحة الداعية إلى تقديم عام لكبرى قضايا القرآن الكريم. باستثناء معالجة بعض الموضوعات المهمة، من قبيل اختلاف الجماعات الدينية وإمكانية المعجزات وواقعيتها وكذا الجهاد، فإن المنهج الذي اتبعناه في تركيب الموضوعات ينحو إلى التركيب المنطقي أكثر مما ينحو نحو الترتيب الزمني (الكرونولوجي) فمثلا عند مناقشتنا لموضوع الله تعالى، طرحنا فكرة التوحيد-التي هي إلزامية منطقيا-بمثابة حجر الزاوية في كامل معالجتنا للموضوع. أما الأفكار الأخرى التي ترد في القرآن الكريم عن الله تعالى، فهي إما مشتقة منها أو منضوية تحتها، حيث بدا لنا أنه النهج الأفضل في توطيد المفهوم التركيبي عن مفهوم الله في القرآن الكريم وبصرف النظر عن هذا، فإن القرآن الكريم يتحدث بنفسه عن ذاته ؛ حيث لم نلجأ إلى التأويل إلا عند الضرورة للربط بين الأفكار.
BOOK
Barriers to the uptake of eye health services of the children in rural Bangladesh: A community-based cross-sectional survey
Globally, ocular morbidity and disability among children are major public health concerns. This study was designed to explore the health-seeking behaviours of parents in Bangladesh whose children have ocular problems. A cross-sectional mixed method was followed for this study. The method was designed to measure the eye health care-seeking practices of caregivers/parents with children with ocular morbidity in three unions (the lowest administrative geographical area comprising 30,000–50,000 population) of the Raiganj Upazila under the Sirajganj District of Bangladesh. The study period was from January to April 2017. Face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured quantitative questionnaire with the caregivers and KI were conducted among the health service providers during the study period. This was the first community-based study conducted in Bangladesh to find out caregivers’ health-seeking behaviour with identified ocular morbidity. Among 198 confirmed cases of childhood ocular problems, only 87 (43.9%) parents sought health care for their children’s ocular morbidities. Better health-seeking behavior was found among the wealthier families. Proportions were 55.3% and 36% among wealthy and low-income families, respectively. Affluent families sought care from qualified service providers. Educated household heads chose qualified service providers for their children at a higher rate than illiterate household heads. Lack of knowledge, lack of awareness and financial constraints are significant barriers to seeking proper health care. More than half of the caregivers did not seek any eye care services for their children. Socio-demographic factors, and financial constraints play an essential role in the health-seeking behaviour of the parents.
Journal Article
الإحياء والإصلاح في الإسلام : دراسة في الأصولية الإسلامية
يتناول الكتاب حالة ظهور المذهب السني في الإسلام، باعتباره متنا يضم معتقدات وممارسات يعود على الأغلب إلى فترة نشأة الفرق الأولى بالطبع باعتباره أغلبية صامتة ويقدم صورة من صور توسع الممارسات ما قبل التدبرية للأمة الإسلامية، حيث تركها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ورغم أن المذهب السني هو تطوير لهذه الممارسات الأولى، وبالتالي بمستطاعه زعم تقديم إسلام أصلي ولهذا أهميته، إلا أن غاية هذا الفصل مختلفة ويحاول المؤلف إظهار أن التسنن، حين اكتسب وعيه بذاته، وصار له وجود مدرك كان قد مر بتغيرات جذرية إزالة الحالة الأصلية، وتعالم القرآن الكريم كما يحاول إبراز العوامل المسؤولة عن هذه التغييرات لأجل تبيان طبيعته، بعدها يظهر المحاولات التاريخية المختلفة التي جرت في العصور الوسطى لتجديد هذه العقيدة في مسعى لاسترداد الروح الأصيلة للإسلام ومع أن المعتقد السني سيكون في صميم اهتمامه إلا أنه سوف يعطي نشوء التشيع الاهتمام الذي يستحقه، لأهميته ومعناه الجوهري ولعلاقته بالجماعة السنية الأكبر.
Book
Children’s exposure to physical abuse from a child perspective: A population-based study in rural Bangladesh
Although child physical abuse (CPA) is considered as a major global public health problem, it has not yet been recognized as such in Bangladesh. Very few studies have assessed the prevalence and victims' characteristics of multiple forms of CPA.
This population-based study assessed the prevalence of CPA committed by adults in a rural area of Bangladesh and examined its association with demographic and socio-contextual factors.
Data were obtained using ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) in a random sample of 1416 children (49% girls, 51% boys) aged 11 to 17 years by face-to-face interviews during March-April 2017. The response rate was 91.5%. To estimate predictors of CPA, physical abuse was categorized into frequent and less frequent groups.
The prevalence of at least one form (≥ 1), two forms (≥2) and three or more forms (≥ 3) of CPA were estimated approximately to 99%, 95% and 83% in their lifetime and 93%, 79%, and 57% in the past year respectively. Hitting (except on buttocks), standing/kneeling and slapping were the most common physical abuse whereas given drugs or alcohol, pinched, burned or scalded, beaten-up and locked up were less reported. Female children were faced severe forms of CPA more than that of males. Male children, younger age groups, witnessing adults using weapons at home, bullied by siblings and low level of maternal education were found to be significant risk factors for both ≥ 1 form and ≥ 2 forms of frequent CPA whereas adding also adult shouting in a frightening way was found as a significant risk factor for ≥ 2 forms of frequent CPA.
Self-reported prevalence of CPA is extremely common in the Bangladeshi rural society. The prevalence was associated with demographic and socio-contextual characteristics of the children such as being younger, witnessing domestic violence and maternal low education. The findings provide evidence to support parents and policy-makers to take effective measures to implement policy and programme on alternative up-bringing methods and creating awareness of negative effects of CM which in turn help Bangladesh to line up with UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which the country signed in 1990.
Journal Article
الإسلام والحداثة من خلال كتابات المفكر فضل الرحمن
يركز الدكتور دونالد بيري خلال كتابه المكون من أربعة فصول على نقطتين اثنتين، معالجة إشكاليات الحداثة وبحث سبل لاستيعاب التراث الديني لها في سياق نزعة دينية تقليدية بين الأديان كافة تواجه الحداثة كإحدى التحديات، وإبراز طريقة للتعامل مع الحداثة من خلال عرض حياة وفكر أحد أهم الباحثين الإسلاميين في القرن العشرين المفكر محمد فضل الرحمن.
BOOK
Nocturnal hypoxemia measured by polysomnogram is associated with acute chest syndrome in pediatric sickle cell disease
Study Objectives:
Nocturnal hypoxemia is associated with increased risk of sickle cell disease (SCD) complications. The association of nighttime hypoxemia and acute chest syndrome (ACS) in children with SCD has yet to be determined.
Methods:
This is a retrospective study of children with SCD who underwent polysomnography at a SCD center. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between nocturnal hypoxemia and ACS admissions. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to verify the effects of different clinical covariates on ACS. Secondary analysis comparing patients with one vs multiple ACS admissions was performed.
Results:
One hundred ten individuals with SCD who completed their polysomnogram (mean age of 9.4 years) were identified. Fifty-nine (54%) had a history of at least one episode of ACS admission (mean age of 4.1 years), including 40 with multiple episodes. The percentage of total sleep time with O
2
saturation < 90% was greater in the ACS group (
P
< .05). Similarly, mean nocturnal O
2
saturation was lower in the ACS group (
P
< .0005). Mean nocturnal O
2
saturation of < 97.3% and the percentage of total sleep time with O
2
saturation < 90% higher than 2.7% were associated with ACS. There was no difference in nocturnal hypoxemia between patients with single and multiple ACS admissions.
Conclusions:
Nocturnal hypoxemia later in life is associated with previous ACS admissions in children with SCD. This can increase the yield of interpreting polysomnograms in this vulnerable population. Prospective studies are needed to determine the temporal relations of nocturnal hypoxemia and ACS, which may identify a modifiable risk for ACS.
Citation:
Nourani AR, Rahman AKMF, Pernell B, et al. Nocturnal hypoxemia measured by polysomnogram is associated with acute chest syndrome in pediatric sickle cell disease.
J Clin Sleep Med.
2021;17(2):219–226.
Journal Article
Suicide mortality in Bangladesh: a comparative analysis of the incidence of suicide in 2002 and 2015 from Bangladesh Health and Injury surveys
Background
Suicide ranks as the 17th highest cause of death worldwide, making it an ongoing public health concern. To comprehend Bangladesh’s current mental health situation, it is essential to compare the country’s suicide death rates across time. The current study compares the changes in the suicide mortality rates in Bangladesh over 13 years from 2002 to 2015. This is a cross-sectional independent-sample design comparison using two distinct nationally representative datasets.
Methods
In Bangladesh, two community-based nationally representative surveys, namely the Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey (BHIS), were conducted in 2003 and 2016. Both surveys adopted a similar approach. To get the intended sample, a multistage cluster sampling approach was applied in both surveys, while considering the probability-proportional-to-size technique. The population’s causes of morbidity and mortality data were collected using a three-year recall period and compared with suicide occurring in 2002 and 2015 using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. The cause of death was determined by the verbal autopsy procedure.
Result
The suicide rates in 2002 were 6.2 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 4.7–8.1); whereas in 2015, it was 7.7 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 5.1–11.6). A major shift in suicide trends among the age group was observed between 2002 and 2015. Results showed that those aged 60 years and above had the highest suicide rates in 2002 (rate: 13 per 100,000; 95% CI: 2.6–23.4) and in 2015, adolescents had the highest suicide rates (rate: 22.9 per 100,000; 95% CI: 13.6–38.7). Moreover, in 2015, females had a higher suicide rate compared to males, but in 2002, both sexes showed similar death rates. In both years, the death tolls were higher in the rural areas than in the urban areas.
Conclusion
The suicide rates have been increasing over the past decade, which is alarming for the nation. Extensive research is needed now to explore the factors affecting the increasing suicide rates among adolescents and females.
Journal Article
An In Vitro Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Bioactivity between Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA, BIODENTINE & Glass Ionomer Cement Using Dye Penetration Method
The ideal root end filling material should form a tight seal in the root canal by adhering to the cavity walls. Several materials have been used for root end filling. The present study aims to find out and compare the bioactivity of Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA White, BIODENTINE & glass ionomer cement as root end filling materials using 1% methylene blue as tracer. Materials and methods: 80 extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth were used in the study. They were divided into four groups. Specimens were sectioned transversely in the cervical area to separate the crown from the root. The root canal was obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealers. Thereafter, each sample was resected apically by removing 3 mm of the apex and filled with different materials. Samples were kept in buffering solution at 37 °C until the recommended evaluation periods. The specimens were then suspended in 1% methylene blue for 24 h, prior to the analysis. The teeth were then sectioned, and dye penetration was examined, photographed, and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Results: Vertical dye penetration showed significant differences across different groups. The minimum dye penetration was seen in Neo MTA plus followed by BIODENTINE, Pro Root MTA and maximum in GIC. There was no significant difference in dye penetration between Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE both at fifteen days and one-month intervals. Conclusion: The present study suggests Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE should be the preferred material for root end filling.
Journal Article