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Background Mitochondria dysfunction is one of the major causes of insulin resistance, and other countless complications of obesity. PGC-1α, and UCP-2 play key roles in energy expenditure regulation in the mitochondrial thermogenesis. However, the effects of bariatric surgery on the level of PGC-1α and UCP-2 and their relationships are unclear. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on key pathways in energy, and to assess the potential predictive role of body composition and metabolic parameters in this regard. Settings Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Center of Excellence of International Federation for Surgery of Obesity. Methods This prospective cohort study was carried out on 45 patients with morbid obesity who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The patients have evaluated three-time points at baseline, three, and six months after the surgery. Body composition components, the levels of PGC-1α, UCP-2, and metabolic parameters were measured three times during this study. Results Significant changes in TWL%, EBMIL%, and metabolic lab tests were observed at three- and six months post-surgery ( P  < 0.001). The PGC-1α and UCP-2 had a significant increase three and then six-month post-operation compared with the baseline ( P  < 0.001). Moreover, multivariate linear regression analysis identified that the changing trend of PGC-1α was associated with insulin, uric Acid, HOMA-IR, fat mass and trunk fat mass. UCP-2 was associated with TSH, AST, fat mass and FFM. Conclusions Bariatric surgery has been shown to have a positive effect on UCP-2 and PGC-1α levels, as well as body composition and metabolic parameters. As a result, it is believed that bariatric surgery could improve thermogenesis and energy expenditure by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the precise mechanisms and possible causal relationship.

Background The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal 25-OH Vitamin D serum levels and neonatal early-onset sepsis in newborns by the effective factors. Methods A case-control study was done and 64 neonates hospitalized in Akbar Abadi Hospital (Tehran- Iran; 2016) and their mothers were enrolled. The case group consisted of 32 NICU term hospitalized neonates due to neonatal early-onset sepsis. Thirty-two term newborns that referred to hospital for rule out hyperbilirubinemia during the first 72 h of life were also considered as the control. Results Sixty- four mothers with mean age 28.76 ± 6.60 years and mean gestational age 39.64 ± 1.62 weeks entered the study. There was a significant correlation between sepsis and older age of mothers and low Apgar score ( P -value = 0.02, 0.01 respectively). The maternal vitamin D serum level was reversely correlated with neonatal sepsis occurrence ( P -value = 0.03). There was a significant correlation between maternal vitamin D supplement intake during pregnancy and lower risk for neonatal sepsis ( P -value = 0.003). Conclusion The level of maternal serum Vitamin D was inversely correlated with neonatal sepsis occurrence and intake of vitamin D supplement during pregnancy could decrease the risk of early neonatal sepsis.

Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening disorder among infants, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, although the management of newborns has improved, early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal early-onset sepsis (NEOS) are the major challenges for neonatologists in Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We assessed the diagnostic value of interleukins-35 (IL-35) in diagnosis of NEOS. A prospective process evaluation study was carried out in the NICU of Akbar-Abadi and Ali-Asghar Hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2018. Eighty hospitalized neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis in the first 72 h of life entered the study by convenience or accidental sampling. Routine hematology tests regarding sepsis diagnosis were performed after admission. All subjects were assigned into two groups: newborns with proven sepsis and newborns with suspected sepsis. IL-35 levels in septic and unlikely infected hospitalized newborns were measured using Elisa Kit (ZellBio GmbH. Cat. No; ZB-10042C-H9648, Human Interleukin 35), and the results were compared. The mean IL-35 in serum samples from septic neonates was significantly higher than this variable in samples from unlikely infected newborns (13.41 ± 2.4 vs. 9.02 ± 2.6 pg/ml; p  < 0.0001). The area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for IL-35 was 0.895 (CI 95% = 0.826–0.963; p  = 0.0001). The result of study showed serum IL-35 had a moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.895) for the diagnosis of NS. Therefore, serum IL-35 could be suggested as a predictive biomarker in neonatal early-onset sepsis. Further studies with larger sample size are strongly suggested.

Background & objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is still a public health threat in many rural areas of Iran. It causes considerable morbidity among a huge number of people in the endemic areas. Khuzestan is considered as a CL focus in Iran and recently several cases have been reported from Shush County. The aim of the current study was to determine different aspects of CL epidemiology in this County. Methods: The study was conducted in four villages in the rural district of Shush County. In order to survey the scar and acute rate of the disease, 100 inhabitants were questioned in each village. In addition, to determine the reservoir host and vector of the disease, rodents were captured using Sherman traps, and sandflies were collected from around the rodent burrows using sticky paper traps. Results: The scar and acute lesion rates were reported as 5.26 and 0.57% among inhabitants, respectively. Fifty-four rodents including Tatera indica (55.5%), Nesokia indica (33.3%), Mus musculus (9.3%) and Rattus norvegicus (1.9%) were captured and identified. Nested PCR showed 3 out of 54 rodents infected with Leishmania major. In total, 1122 sandflies were collected, and Leishmania major detected in Phlebotomus papatasi (4.35%), Sergentomyia dentata (23%), and Sergentomyia clydei (10%). Interpretation & conclusion: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major prevailed in this area. The common and the main vector was Ph. papatasi and, T. indica seems to be the main while N. indica as a secondary reservoir host of the disease in this area.