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Humanity has been ravaged by a number of disastrous epidemics/pandemics that have exposed the cultural, social, political and hygienic fabric of societies. 'Outbreak Narrative' is a term coined by Priscilla Wald to describe a certain type of plot that manipulates the emergence of a latent viral disease that spreads world-wide and becomes a pandemic. The present research analyzes Richard Preston's The Hot Zone and Amir Tag Elsir's Ebola 76 through a transdisciplinary comparative approach. Choosing Preston's The Hot Zone (1994) and Tag Elsir's Ebola 76 (2012) in particular is due to the fact that both texts handle the same epidemic/pandemic, Ebola, so that exploring the two texts illuminates the contributing factors in the eruption and containment of the epidemic as well as how fiction is instrumental in penetrating the realities of epidemic/pandemic disasters. The transdisiplinary approach is chosen because of the complex nature of epidemics/pandemics. The theoretical framework utilizes concepts from literature, anthropology, epidemiology and Medical Humanities. Such theoretical framework probes the interconnectedness and multi-dimensionality of the epidemic/pandemic crisis. The Hot Zone and Ebola 76 reveal two disparate perspectives of Ebola that undermine cultural differences and the role of literature in penetrating the realities of viruses.

This study focuses on digital storytelling as manifested in Louisa Hall's Speak and Rick Moody's Hotels of North America, analyzing how digital technologies are integrated into the construction of contemporary literary texts. The author argues that these novels exemplify how traditional narrative structures are reshaped through digital tools such as emails, blogs, and online posts, making modern communication media integral to literary plots. In Speak, the narrative unfolds through multiple voices connected to artificial intelligence and technology, with the story built as digital fragments that reflect fractured memory and identity. Hotels of North America, by contrast, is composed of online hotel reviews written by the protagonist on travel websites, transforming functional texts into an artistic form that reveals the depths of his personal life and psyche. The paper discusses how this mode of digital storytelling mirrors cultural transformations in the internet age, where human experience intersects with daily technology. It also shows how the incorporation of digital media into literature raises questions about the boundaries of fiction, the interplay between virtual and real life, and the impact of digital technologies on consciousness and memory. The study concludes that digital storytelling in these novels is not merely a technical innovation but a reconfiguration of literature as an open space for experimentation and creativity, breaking barriers between literary texts and interactive digital practices. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI

The ecological understanding of Climate Change calls forth the interdisiplinarity of such crisis and the intervention of diverse concepts to disclose the realities of Climate Change as a global calamity that needs unconventional approaches to explore. Climate Realism is a term coined by Lynn Badia et al. in their book: Climate Realism: The Aesthetics of Weather and Atmosphere in the Anthropocene. The book penetrates the challenges of Climate Change representation and the aesthetics of Climate Change adaptation which can be considered the aesthetics of resilience amidst Climate disasters. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the present research tackles Climate Change catastrophe and the aesthetics of resilience in two eco-dystopian novels; namely, Maja Lunde's The End of the Ocean (2020) and Diane Cook's The New Wilderness (2020). Both novels depict horrific landscapes created by extreme Climate Changes. The two selected novels are Climate Fiction (cli-fi) depicting dystopian settings created by Climate disasters. The two novels convey a powerful message of the significance of resilience amidst hazardous Climate Changes.

Context: Cold-pressed oils (CPO) are commercially available in the market and characterized by their health-promoting properties.Objective: Clove oil (CLO), coriander seed oil (COO) and black cumin oil (BCO) were evaluated for their bioactive lipids. Pharmacological screening was performed to evaluate acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects as well as histopathological changes in tissues of albino rats fed with CPO.Materials and methods: Fatty acids, tocols and total phenolics were analyzed. The acute toxicity test for each CPO was estimated during 14 d. Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema was used for assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of CPO. Animals were fasted overnight, and via oral gavage given indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or CPO (400 mg/kg) to investigate ulcerogenecity. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and stomach were screened.Results: Amounts of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols in CLO were 1495, 58, 4177 and 177 mg/kg oil, respectively. In COO, α, β, γ and δ-tocopherols were 10.0, 18.2, 5.1 and 34.8%, respectively. In BCO, β-tocotrienol was the main constituent. CLO, COO and BCO contained 4.6, 4.2 and 3.6 mg GAE/g, respectively. Acute toxicity test determined that 400 mg/kg of CPO to be used. In the carrageenan model of inflammation, pretreatment of rats with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or CLO (400 mg/kg) induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction by 31.3 and 27.4%, respectively, in rat paw oedema as compared with the carrageenan-treated group. Indomethacin induced a significant ulcerogenic effect with an ulcer index of 19. Oral treatment of CPO showed no ulcerogenic effect, wherein no histopathological changes were observed.Conclusions: CPO, particularly CLO, could minimize acute inflammation.

Topiramate has multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are efficient in treating epilepsy and migraine. Ginger has been established to have gingerols and shogaols that cause migraine relief. Moreover, Topiramate has many off-label uses. Thus, it was necessary to explore the possible neurotoxicity of Topiramate and the role of ginger oil in attenuating the Topiramate neurotoxicity. Male albino mice were orally gavaged with Topiramate, ginger oil (400 mg/kg), and Topiramate plus ginger oil with the same pattern for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax expression analysis were detected. The GABAAR subunits, Gabra1, Gabra3, and Gabra5 expression, were assessed by RT-qPCR. The investigation showed that Topiramate raised oxidative stress markers levels, neurotransmitters, TNF-α, and diminished glutathione (GSH). In addition, Topiramate exhibited various neuropathological alterations, strong Bax, and GFAP immune-reactivity in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the results indicated that ginger oil had no neurotoxicity. The effect of Topiramate plus ginger oil alleviated the changes induced by Topiramate in the tested parameters. Both Topiramate and ginger oil upregulated the mRNA expression of gabra1 and gabra3, while their interaction markedly downregulated them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Topiramate overdose could cause neurotoxicity, but the interaction with ginger oil may reduce Topiramate-induced neurotoxicity and should be taken in parallel.

The present study aimed to identify the carotenoid content and evaluate the antioxidant activities of spirulina, ( ), and the effect of its supplementation to a vegetarian diet on growth performance, feed utilization, body proximate composition and physiological status of Nile tilapia, ( ). The carotenoid content of spirulina was identified by UPLC-MS/MS and showed that and β-carotene were the major carotenoids (88.3%) followed by β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. The antioxidant activity of spirulina was determined in water and crude carotenoid extracts by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, both extracts showed a significant free radical scavenging capacity. In addition, Nile tilapia fry (0.83 ± 0.01 g) was fed a vegetarian diet supplemented with different levels of spirulina for 12 weeks. The results revealed that the highest growth performance and nutrient utilization were recorded with 0.5% spirulina and the peak response determined at 0.63%-0.65% using polynomial second order regression. Also, the hemoglobin content improved in a quadratic regression model with the peak at 0.67% spirulina. Plasma total protein and lipid contents increased significantly with spirulina levels over 0.50%. Moreover, the aminopeptidase activities and glucose level decreased significantly with increasing spirulina levels. The current study recommended the supplementation of the Nile tilapia vegetarian diet with spirulina at levels of 0.63-0.65% for better growth performance and physiological status.