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"Ramallo, Fernando F"
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New perspectives on endangered languages : bridging gaps between sociolinguistics, documentation and language revitalization
The sociolinguistic study, carried out over a period of five years, delineates the development of the Awetí language, spoken by a small Tupian group in the Upper Xingu multilingual area in Central Brazil, during a critical moment when the community split into two. The empirical analysis on individual language competences and language use in the Awetí community has revealed a high level of bilingualism with Kamaiurá, a related language of the Tupi-Guaranian branch. Portuguese, used as a lingua franca and dominant language of bilingual instruction, plays a limited role within the community. The overall pattern of distribution of languages for each Awetí village in combination with developments from outside may allow some conclusions about the viability of the Awetí language in the near future. Keywords: Linguistic vitality; bilingualism; sociolinguitics and documentation.
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New Perspectives on Endangered Languages: Bridging Gaps between Sociolinguistics, Documentation and Language Revitalization
Understanding sociolinguistics as a theoretical and methodological framework hopefully could attempt to promote change and social development in human communities. Yet it still presents important political, epistemological, methodological and theoretical challenges. A sociolinguistics of development, in which the revitalization of linguistic communities is the priority, opens new perspectives for the emerging field of linguistic documentation, in which the societal aspects of research, stressed by sociolinguistics, have frequently been marginal. The need to focus on the documentation of linguistic communities to contribute to the revitalization of these communities requires an in-depth revision of a number of different perspectives. Especially regarding the links between commonly separated fields of enquiry such as sociolinguistics, documentation and revitalization. Instead of creating mere museum pieces of academic contemplation for the future, as has been the major trend up to now in language documentation and even sociolinguistics, there is a growing concern to join forces to revitalize the actual use of endangered languages in order to place languages as a main focus of a community's development which constitutes a major challenge for both scholars, civil society and speakers alike.
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