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"Rand, Gavin"
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COERCION AND CONCILIATION AT THE EDGE OF EMPIRE: STATE-BUILDING AND ITS LIMITS IN WAZIRISTAN, 1849–1914
Since 2001, the geo-strategic priorities of the ‘War on Terror’ have prompted renewed attention to the historically significant region of Waziristan. Ironically, given the apparent failure of British attempts to pacify the region in the century after 1849, Waziristan’s colonial history has been picked over by policy-makers, commentators, and scholars for lessons which might be applied to current projects of state-building and counter-insurgency. Unabashedly instrumentalist, these works have reproduced the reductive stereotypes of the colonial sources and helped to entrench partial understandings of the frontier which obscure the dynamic and contingent nature of imperial state-building. This article offers an alternate frame for writing the history of the colonial frontier by re-examining how British officials attempted to constitute colonial authority through their engagements with one of the region’s most powerful groups: the Mahsud Wazirs. Challenging historiographical emphases on oscillating metropolitan strategies, this article maps crucial and largely overlooked continuities in British attempts to pacify the Mahsuds, providing new insights into state-building at the edge of empire and a more nuanced account of how imperial power was engaged, resisted, and deflected by those it sought to control.
Journal Article
Martial-ing the raj: the indian army and colonial governmentality
This thesis examines the way in which the power of the Indian Army was constituted, arranged and understood in the late nineteenth century. It also argues that the history of the Indian Army reflects the wider ways in which empire and imperial power were thought about in late Victorian Britain. Drawing upon a range of official records, including commissioners' reports, military correspondence and campaign dispatches, as well as private papers, military periodicals and other contemporary sources, I explore the way in which colonial military strategies constituted and reflected the complex relationship between the British and 'their' Indian Army. Taking up Foucault's account of governmentality, the thesis focuses on the way in which knowledge of population and territory was incorporated in the administration, disciplining and deployment of the Indian Army. 'Knowledge' of the Indian population, and of Indian territory and military capacity, became absolutely central to the operations of the imperial military. Indeed, the archive itself reflects the importance of this epistemological shift: the proliferation of ethnographic discourse, as well as the abundance of logistic and cartographic sources, is testament to the reshaping of the colonial order in the period. Situating such sources in the context of recent postcolonial historiography, the thesis argues that the history of the Indian Army indicates the broader interdependences that characterised the colonial project. By exploring this contingency in the context of frequently overlooked and often misunderstood imperial projects, I demonstrate that military power, like the rest of the colonial project, was always mediated by notions of culture.
Dissertation
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