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Health literacy is a vital constituent of public health in the country. Frequently overlooked in research studies, health literacy is an important multidimensional construct essential for building a robust healthcare system across the country. Health literacy is vital for college students as it provides the necessary skills and information to make health-related decisions and better manage their health. This study aims to understand various aspects of health literacy and its correlation with sociodemographic determinants in a population of college students. The study employs a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 200 students. The health literacy of the subjects was assessed using the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ). In addition, sociodemographic information was also collected from the participants. Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (MANOVA) statistical methods were employed to understand how the subjects’ health literacy was affected by various sociodemographic factors. Among the nine individual scales of the HLQ, the subjects in our study possess increased social support for health and the ability to diligently participate in discussions with health professionals to learn about their health. Importantly, health literacy is affected by subscription to health insurance ( p  = 0.0024), physical activity status ( p  = 0), and family income of the participants ( p  = 0.0001). Health insurance affected eight scales of the HLQ, physical activity affected five scales, and family income affected seven scales, with small to moderate effect sizes observed for most cases (ANOVA). We did not find any significant effects of consumption of prescription medication, year and discipline of study, the presence of chronic illness, and food preference of the subjects on health literacy, while a weak effect of gender was noticed. The study points to the existence of noticeable differences in college students’ health literacy across various sociodemographic groups. By identifying disparities in various HLQ scales among different sociodemographic groups, this study paves the way for designing focused training activities for student groups with lower scores. Such curricular interventions would enable students to manage their health effectively, leading to equitable health results among the student population.

An all-inclusive analysis of costs for on-premises and public cloudbased solutions to handle the bulk of HEP computing requirements shows that dedicated on-premises deployments of compute and storage resources are still the most cost-effective. Since the advent of public cloud services, the HEP community has engaged in multiple proofs of concept to study the technical viability of using cloud resources; however, the financial viability of using cloud resources for HEP computing and storage is of greater importance. We present the results of a study comparing the cost of providing computing resources in a public cloud and a comprehensive estimate for the cost of an on-premises solution for HEP computing. Like previous studies, the fundamental conclusion is that for the bulk of HEP computing needs, on premises is significantly more cost effective than public clouds.

Evolution of practical resistance is the main threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt crops). Monitoring of resistance to Cry and Vip3A proteins produced by Bt crops is critical to mitigate the development of resistance. Currently, Cry/Vip3A resistance allele monitoring is based on bioassays with larvae from inbreeding field-collected moths. As an alternative, DNA-based monitoring tools should increase sensitivity and reduce overall costs compared to bioassay-based screening methods. Here, we evaluated targeted sequencing as a method allowing detection of known and novel candidate resistance alleles to Cry proteins. As a model, we sequenced a Cry1F receptor gene (SfABCC2) in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) moths from Puerto Rico, a location reporting continued practical field resistance to Cry1F-producing corn. Targeted sequencing detected a previously reported Cry1F resistance allele (SfABCC2mut), in addition to a resistance allele originally described in S. frugiperda populations from Brazil. Moreover, targeted sequencing detected mutations in SfABCC2 as novel candidate resistance alleles. These results support further development of targeted sequencing for monitoring resistance to Bt crops and provide unexpected evidence for common resistance alleles in S. frugiperda from Brazil and Puerto Rico.

Large scientific data centers have recently begun providing a number of different types of data storage in order to satisfy the various needs of their users. Users with interactive accounts, for example, might want a POSIX interface for easy access to the data from their interactive machines. Grid computing sites, on the other hand, likely need to provide an X509-based storage protocol, like SRM and GridFTP, since the data management system is built upon them. Meanwhile, an experiment producing large amounts of data typically demands a service that provides archival storage for the safe keeping of their unique data. To access these various types of data, users must use specific sets of commands tailored to their respective storage, making access to their data complex and difficult. BNLBox is an attempt to provide a unified and easy to use storage service for all BNL users, to store their important documents, code and data. It is a cloud storage system with an intuitive web interface for novice users. It provides an automated synchronization feature that enables users to upload data to their cloud storage without manual intervention, freeing them to focus on analysis rather than data management software. It provides a POSIX interface for local interactive users, which simplifies data access from batch jobs as well. At the same time, it also provides users with a straightforward mechanism for archiving large data sets for later processing. The storage space can be used for both code and data within the compute job environment. This paper will describe various aspects of the BNLBox storage service.

We develop an efficient software package to test for the primality of p2^n+1, p prime and p>2^n. This aids in the determination of large, non-Sierpinski numbers p, for prime p, and in cryptography. It furthermore uniquely allows for the computation of the smallest n such that p2^n+1 is prime when p is large. We compute primes of this form for the first one million primes p and find four primes of the form above 1000 digits. The software may also be used to test whether p2^n+1 divides a generalized fermat number base 3.

For an elliptic curve with CM by \\(K\\) defined over its Hilbert class field, \\(E/H\\), we extend Lenstra's finite fields test to generators of norms of certain ideals in \\(O_H\\), yielding a sufficient \\(O(^3 N)\\) primality test and partially answering an open question of Lemmermeyer in the case of CM elliptic curves. Letting \\(ıota, bın O_K\\), \\((ıota)\\) prime, and \\(b\\) a primitive \\(k\\)-th root of unity modulo \\((ıota)^n\\) we specialize this test to rational integers of the form \\(N_K/Q(ıota^n+b)\\) with the norm of \\(\\) small, giving a Las Vegas test for primality with average runtime \\(O(^2 N)\\), that further certifies primality of such integers in \\(O(^2 N)\\) for nearly all choices of input parameters. The integers tested were not previously amenable to quasi-quadratic heuristic primality certification.

Centralized configuration management, including the use of automation tools such as Puppet, can greatly increase provisioning speed and efficiency when configuring new systems or making changes to existing systems, reduce duplication of work, and improve automated processes. However, centralized management also brings with it a level of inherent risk: a single change in just one file can quickly be pushed out to thousands of computers and, if that change is not properly and thoroughly tested and contains an error, could result in catastrophic damage to many services, potentially bringing an entire computer facility offline. Change management procedures can-and should-be formalized in order to prevent such accidents. However, like the configuration management process itself, if such procedures are not automated, they can be difficult to enforce strictly. Therefore, to reduce the risk of merging potentially harmful changes into our production Puppet environment, we have created an automated testing system, which includes the Jenkins CI tool, to manage our Puppet testing process. This system includes the proposed changes and runs Puppet on a pool of dozens of RedHat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV) virtual machines (VMs) that replicate most of our important production services for the purpose of testing. This paper describes our automated test system and how it hooks into our production approval process for automatic acceptance testing. All pending changes that have been pushed to production must pass this validation process before they can be approved and merged into production.