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"Rapaport, Moshe"
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Salish Archipelago
The Salish Archipelago includes more than 400 islands in the Salish Sea, an amalgamation of Canada's Georgia Strait, the United States’ Puget Sound, and the shared Strait of Juan de Fuca. The Salish Sea and Islands are named for the Coast Salish Indigenous Peoples whose homelands extend across the region. Holiday homes and services have in many places displaced pristine ecosystems, Indigenous communities, and historic farms. Will age-old island environments and communities withstand the forces of commodity-driven economies? This new, major scholarly undertaking provides the geographical and historical background for exploring such questions. Salish Archipelago features sections on environment, history, society, and management, accompanied by numerous maps and other illustrations. This diverse collection offers an overview of an embattled, but resilient, region, providing knowledge and perspectives of interest to residents, educators, and policy makers.
eBook
Eden in Peril: Impact of Humans on Pacific Island Ecosystems
Islands have often been cited as models of human impact upon the environment. With high rates of endemism and other unique characteristics, island ecosystems are subject to dramatic perturbation. The arrival of humans in Near Oceania during the Pleistocene led swiftly to a series of fauna extinctions. In the New Guinea Highlands clearing and tending of wild plants gave rise to tree and root crop agriculture, intensive cultivation technology, and anthropogenic grasslands. By 3600 BP (Before Present), Lapita settlers had reached Remote Oceania, leading to deforestation and declines in birds and other species. European contact introduced new biota and new technology, with significant consequences for island environments and societies. Questions have been raised concerning the impact of climate change on island ecosystems. Population growth plays a significant role in environmental degradation, though not necessarily as a proximate cause. The Tikopian arboriculture system provides one of several Oceanic models of sustainability.
Journal Article
Eden in Peril: Impact of Humans on Pacific Island Ecosystems
Islands have often been cited as models of human impact upon the environment. With high rates of endemism and other unique characteristics, island ecosystems are subject to dramatic perturbation. The arrival of humans in Near Oceania during the Pleistocene led swiftly to a series of fauna extinctions. In the New Guinea Highlands clearing and tending of wild plants gave rise to tree and root crop agriculture, intensive cultivation technology, and anthropogenic grasslands. By 3600 BP (Before Present), Lapita settlers had reached Remote Oceania, leading to deforestation and declines in birds and other species. European contact introduced new biota and new technology, with significant consequences for island environments and societies. Questions have been raised concerning the impact of climate change on island ecosystems. Population growth plays a significant role in environmental degradation, though not necessarily as a proximate cause. The Tikopian arboriculture system provides one of several Oceanic models of sustainability.
Journal Article
Oysterlust: Islanders, entrepreneurs, and colonial policy over Tuamotu lagoons
Pearl oysters are among the most important natural resources of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. For over a century and a half, Tuamotuan pearl oysters have been commercially harvested by diving methods. Regulation by the French has allowed intensive exploitation by external extrepreneurs, leading to stock decline. Available archival documentation, primarily in the form of government communications and legal papers, reveals a long history of recurrent struggles involving islanders, external entrepreneurs, and colonial administrations. Today, a new and highly successful pearl farming industry has been developed, but problems have emerged which mirror those in the former diving industry.
Journal Article
Between Two Laws: Tenure Regimes in the Pearl Islands
The Tuamotuan pearl-farming boom, currently into its second decade, has led to an intense scramble for limited land and lagoon space. Fieldwork on Takaroa Atoll has shown that Islanders have generally successfully defended their land-holdings from alienation by selectively retaining aspects of their traditional tenure systems. They have been less successful with their lagoons, claimed by the Tahitian administration as part of the public domain. The current situation is a chaotic free-for-all, potentially leading to disastrous overexploitation of Tuamotuan lagoons. Emerging postcolonial administrations and their management consultants are urged not to neglect the claims of small outlying communities.
Journal Article
Pearl farming in the Tuamotus : atoll development and its consequences
After a century of overexploitation in the remote atolls of the Tuamotu Archipelago, the black-lipped pearl oyster almost became extinct. Surviving stocks now provide the basis for an innovative pearl-farming industry, attracting investors and return migrants from Tahiti, but there are now concerns that intensive exploitation will result in declining profitability and perturbation of lagoon ecosystems. Disputes are also increasing over the relative rights of local communities, external entrepreneurs, and the Tahitian administration. As pearl farming is one of the few viable development opportunities on Pacific atolls, the potentially problematic consequences need to be carefully addressed by governments and development agencies. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Journal Article
French Polynesia
Reviews events for 1990-91. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Journal Article
Defending the lagoons: Insider/outsider struggles over the Tuamotuan pearl industry
Because of their natural stocks of black pearl oysters, Tuamotuan lagoons have attracted the covetous interests of external society since the early 19th century. Under the French colonial administration, land was individualized and lagoons were declared public domain. Island populations responded to these intrusions through hidden and open forms of resistance. Nevertheless, pearl oyster stocks were overexploited and became nearly extinct on many atolls. By 1960, the mother-of-pearl industry ended. It was replaced by a pearl farming industry, now pitting Tuamotuan populations against the Tahitian administration. The struggle over land and sea resources parallels a deeper struggle over ideology and meaning. External administrations, entrepreneurs, and local populations have contrasting ideologies of rights and different conceptualizations of environment, society, and the nature of their interrelationships.
Dissertation