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"Rasool, Mohammed"
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A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Brain Tumour Classification
A brain tumour is one of the major reasons for death in humans, and it is the tenth most common type of tumour that affects people of all ages. However, if detected early, it is one of the most treatable types of tumours. Brain tumours are classified using biopsy, which is not usually performed before definitive brain surgery. An image classification technique for tumour diseases is important for accelerating the treatment process and avoiding surgery and errors from manual diagnosis by radiologists. The advancement of technology and machine learning (ML) can assist radiologists in tumour diagnostics using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images without invasive procedures. This work introduced a new hybrid CNN-based architecture to classify three brain tumour types through MRI images. The method suggested in this paper uses hybrid deep learning classification based on CNN with two methods. The first method combines a pre-trained Google-Net model of the CNN algorithm for feature extraction with SVM for pattern classification. The second method integrates a finely tuned Google-Net with a soft-max classifier. The proposed approach was evaluated using MRI brain images that contain a total of 1426 glioma images, 708 meningioma images, 930 pituitary tumour images, and 396 normal brain images. The reported results showed that an accuracy of 93.1% was achieved from the finely tuned Google-Net model. However, the synergy of Google-Net as a feature extractor with an SVM classifier improved recognition accuracy to 98.1%.
Journal Article
Topical Astaxanthin Attenuates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis by Downregulating Psoriasis-Associated Keratin Gene Expression (Krt16, Krt17, Krt6a) and Inhibiting the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by excessive keratinocyte proliferation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated cytokine signaling. Although topical corticosteroids remain the first-line therapy, their long-term use is often limited by adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer non-steroidal therapeutic alternatives. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of a topical astaxanthin (AST) formulation in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis. Following IMQ induction, mice were randomly assigned to vehicle, clobetasol, or AST treatment groups (0.5–1.5%) for 14 days. Disease progression was evaluated through biochemical analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers, including NADPH oxidase (NOX), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as ELISA-based quantification of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23). Histopathological changes were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, while molecular alterations were examined by RT-qPCR analysis of psoriasis-associated keratin genes (Krt16, Krt17, and Krt6a) and evaluation of JAK–STAT signaling activity. AST treatment significantly suppressed the IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis, reduced NOX activity and lipid peroxidation, restored endogenous antioxidant defenses, and inhibited JAK–STAT signaling. These biochemical and molecular effects were accompanied by marked downregulation of keratin gene expression and substantial histological improvement, including normalization of epidermal thickness, reduced parakeratosis, and decreased inflammatory infiltration. Notably, high-dose AST demonstrated therapeutic efficacy comparable to, and in some parameters exceeding, that of clobetasol. Collectively, these findings indicate that topical astaxanthin exerts coordinated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects, supporting its potential as a promising multi-target non-steroidal therapeutic candidate for psoriasis management.
Journal Article
Subnanoporous hydrophobic thin films for ultrahigh-efficiency seawater and brines desalination using membrane distillation
Fabricating breakthrough materials capable of desalinating seawater and brine with high selectivity and low energy consumption is crucial for addressing global water and energy challenges. We report here the desalination capability of ultra-thin polymeric films with subnanometer pores synthesized through the polymerization of fluorinated trichlorosilane monomers and diamine-based monomers. The combination of subnanometer pore size, submicron thickness, and superhydrophobicity facilitates efficient liquid-to-vapor phase change in the membrane distillation process, enabling effective desalination performance. The thin-films demonstrate high salt rejection (99.8%), complete boron rejection, and water fluxes of 40 L.m
−2
.h
−1
(1.88 kWh.m
−3
, WRR
sp
0.32%) and 238 L.m
−2
.h
−1
(20.65 kWh.m
−3
, WRR
sp
3.87%) for seawater at 25 °C and 60 °C, respectively. For the desalination of real seawater reverse osmosis brine at 25 °C, the thin-films maintain 12 L.m
−2
.h
−1
(4.4 kWh.m
−3
, WRR
sp
0.09%) under comparable conditions. Their polymeric nature, chlorine resistance, and low energy requirements, indicate a potential for scalable and sustainable desalination systems.
Fabricating breakthrough materials capable of desalinating seawater and brine with high selectivity and low energy consumption is vital to address the global water shortage and energy crisis. Here the authors describe the synthesis of thin films with submicron thicknesses and subnanometer pores with outstanding desalination performance.
Journal Article
Desalination at ambient temperature and pressure by a novel class of biporous anisotropic membrane
Recent scientific advances have made headway in addressing pertinient issues in climate change and the sustainability of our natural environment. This study makes use of a novel approach to desalination that is environment friendly, naturally sustainable and energy efficient, meaning that it is also cost efficient. Evaporation is a key phenomenon in the natural environment and used in many industrial applications including desalination. For a liquid droplet, the vapor pressure changes due to the curved liquid–vapor interface at the droplet surface. The vapor pressure at a convex surface in a pore is, therefore, higher than that at a flat surface due to the capillary effect, and this effect is enhanced as the pore radius decreases. This concept inspired us to design a novel biporous anisotropic membrane for membrane distillation (MD), which enables to desalinate water at ambient temperature and pressure by applying only a small transmembrane temperature gradient. The novel membrane is described as a super-hydrophobic nano-porous/micro-porous composite membrane. A laboratory-made membrane with specifications determined by the theoretical model was prepared for model validation and tested for desalination at different feed inlet temperatures by direct contact MD. A water vapor flux as high as 39.94 ± 8.3 L m
−2
h
−1
was achieved by the novel membrane at low feed temperature (25 °C, permeate temperature = 20 °C), while the commercial PTFE membrane, which is widely used in MD research, had zero flux under the same operating conditions. As well, the fluxes of the fabricated membrane were much higher than the commercial membrane at various inlet feed temperatures.
Journal Article
Outcome comparison between transcatheter closure and surgical closure of atrial septum defect
Introduction: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart defect found in both children and adults, with potential serious complications if not addressed. Transcatheter device closure is a less invasive alternative to surgical correction, particularly for patients not suitable for the former.Materials and Method: Patients and Methods: The study included 114 individuals treated at Ibn Al-Bitar Cardiac Surgery Center from June 2023 to July 2024. Patients with secundum ASD could choose between transcatheter or surgical closure, meeting specific defect criteria except for complex cases requiring surgery. Patients received information on risks, outcomes, and selected their preferred method. Surgical closures used cardiopulmonary bypass, while transcatheter procedures utilized the Amplatzer Septal Occluder.Results: In comparison to surgical intervention, transcatheter closure demonstrated faster procedure times, no requirement for ICU admission, and shorter hospital stays. It achieved a higher success rate (97.8% vs. 91.3%) with fewer complications. Surgical procedures were more prone to complications such as wound infections and pneumonia, whereas device embolization was exclusive to the transcatheter cohort. Additionally, residual ASD occurrences were reduced in the transcatheter groupConclusion: Transcatheter closure emerges as a safer, more efficient, and minimally invasive alternative to surgical repair for appropriate secundum ASD cases. However, surgical intervention remains vital for complex scenarios, highlighting the importance of meticulous patient selection and tailored interventions to enhance results. Additional research is warranted to evaluate the extended effects over time.
Journal Article
The Clinical Patterns and Disease Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis in Duhok/Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Backgrounds:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent and progressive joint disease. Given the diverse clinical presentations and multifactorial nature of KOA, alongside observed regional variations, a localised understanding of the disease is vital for effective healthcare planning.
Aims:
This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and disease severity of patients diagnosed with KOA at the specialised tertiary centre in the Kurdistan Region.
Patients and Methods:
This study employed a cross-sectional design among patients who attended the 'Specialized Center of Rheumatic Diseases and Medical Rehabilitation' in Duhok City, Iraqi, Kurdistan and are diagnosed with KOA. In this regard, patients with any socio-demographic characteristics were included in the study. The patients with other rheumatic diseases were excluded from the study.
Results:
The study involved 262 knee patients with KOA, predominantly females aged 40-69 years (81.29%). Most of the patients were retired (39.69%) with a body mass index (BMI) averaging 32.72 kg/m2, indicating overweight or obesity (based on the CDC criteria). Symptoms such as pain (98.85%) and difficulty walking (49.62%) were common, with pain severity averaging 6.77/10. Most commonly used treatments included NSAIDs (63.74%) and physical therapy (8.78%), with many patients affected by mild-to-severe functional limitations. Younger patients had lower disease grades and pain levels, whereas higher grades correlated with increased pain and activity restrictions.
Conclusions:
Age and BMI impact KOA severity, including pain and functional limitations. The patients need for better diagnostic and nonpharmacological approaches to improve patient outcomes.
Journal Article
The Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Female Hospital Staff at Childbearing Age in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Background:
Low back pain (LBP) in low- and middle-income countries has received less attention.
Aims:
To identify the prevalence of low back pain and associated factors in female hospital staff.
Methods:
We included 320 female hospital staff in a tertiary medical setting in the Kurdistan Region.
Results:
The study involved 320 participants aged 18-45 years, included doctors (37.19%), nurses (19.06%), administrative staff (11.88%) and others (31.88%). It found that 75% experienced LBP in the past year, with 60% reporting pain lasting 7-12 months. Pain severity was mostly mild (44.58%) or moderate (35%), and 80.83% experienced occasional pain. LBP interfered with daily activities for 45.42% of participants. Work-related factors contributing to LBP included prolonged standing (61.88%), sitting (39.38%), repetitive bending (22.19%), awkward postures (16.25%), crouching (16.25%) and stooping (16.25%). Those aged 31-35 are more likely to experience LBP than those aged 18-25 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.82; P = 0.0453) along with married individuals (OR: 2.34; P = 0.0136), doctors (OR: 3.06; P = 0.0136) and nurses (OR: 2.29; P = 0.0136), and healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to non-HCWs (81.67% vs. 66.43%; P = 0.0018). Evening or rotating shifts (OR: 8.23; P = 0.002) and awkward postures (OR: 2.41; P = 0.0358) also increased risk. Regular breaks reduced LBP likelihood (OR: 0.36; P = 0.0360), whereas a pregnancy history raised it (OR: 2.03; P = 0.0097).
Conclusions:
The female hospital staff had a high prevalence of LBP, linked to increasing age, being an HCW, working evening or rotating shifts and involving inappropriate postures.
Journal Article
Effect of Supplementing Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of Khalal and Seedless Date and Date Seed Khalal AL-Zahdi Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) to Drinking Water on Some Physiological and Microbial Traits of Broiler Reared Under High Temperature
This research aims to effect of supplementing alcoholic and aqueous extract of khalal and seedless date and date seed khalal AL-Zahdi date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to drinking water on some of the physiological, histological and microbial traits of broilers reared under high temperature, As the study included the use of 300 chicks of one day age and with an average weight of 41 g, the unsexed rose strain, and it was distributed to five treatments, where one treatment contained 60 chicks, with three replicates for each treatment (20 chicks/replicates ) for a period of 6 weeks, the birds were exposed to temperatures at an average of (28-36 -30 ± 2 ° C) and the degree of humidity at an average of (40-60-50 ± 2%) for the times (700-1200-1900). The chicks were distributed randomly into five treatments as follows: - The first treatment (T1), the control treatment, without any addition to drinking water, the second treatment (T2) and the third (T3), adding 300 mg/liter of water from the aqueous and alcoholic extract for Al-Zahdi khalal, respectively and the fourth treatment (T4) and the fifth (T5) adding 300 mg/liter of water from aqueous and alcoholic extract for the Al-Zahdi khalal seed, respectively. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant improvement in the weekly body temperature, a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and a significant decrease in the number of heterophill cells and the percentage of heterophill cells to lymphocytes (H/L) for all addition factors compared to With control treatment, As well as a significant increase in the concentration of total protein in blood serum and all oxidative enzymes in blood serum, noting that a significant decrease occurred in the concentration of both glucose and cholesterol at the age of 21 days and the AST enzyme and ALT enzyme at the age of 42 days. The preference was in favor of T3 and T5, as was the significant increase in all the studied histological traits. Also, there was a significant decrease in the number of E. Coli bacteria in the ileum area only, and a significant increase in the number of Lactobacilli bacteria in the jejunum and ileum regions. We conclude from the study that the use of these extracts contributed to the improvement of the studied physiological, histological and microbial characteristics of broilers reared at high temperatures, noting that T3 and T5 recorded the best results for all the studied traits.
Journal Article
Adherence to treatment and associated factors in rheumatoid arthritis in Kurdish patients: a cross-sectional study
Non-adherence to medicine results in poor disease control and increased morbidity. We determined the prevalence of treatment adherence and its associated factors in Kurdish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Kurdistan Region. Disease severity was classified as mild (20%), moderate (46%), and severe (35%). Of the patients, 53% had other chronic diseases. Fifty-four percent always took their medications, 27% most of the time, and 17% sometimes. The study found that 38% experienced some side effects and found managing the medication schedule easy (52%) or very easy (34%). The patients reported that 30% missed a dose of medication, with the frequency of missed doses being rare (60%), occasional (16%), or frequent (24%). Sixty percent had regular access to medications. The barriers were the cost (78%) and availability of medications (27%), and side effects were reported to be significant barriers to adherence (26%). This study showed that the RA patients had high adherence to the treatment, with a high satisfaction rate.
Journal Article