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As a result of modern treatments, the life of women who test positive for BRCA mutations may be plotted along the arc of preventive medicine rather than the slope of diagnostics. Despite evidence supporting the benefits of risk reduction, protocols for early detection and prevention among women from families affected by hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) are not yet proven, and clinical trials have not been undertaken for patients aged 18 to 25. The absence of psychosocial data may leave genetic counselors without uniform guidance on how to manage the care of these patients. This project sought to investigate perspectives on counseling 18–25 year-old patients from families with hereditary cancer syndromes, with specific emphasis on HBOC, given their unique developmental, familial, and medical challenges. Certified genetic counselors were recruited through the NSGC’s Cancer Genetics Special Interest Group listserv. Researchers constructed an online survey which included 41 items and elicited information about: counselor demographics, training, and practice settings; approaches to cancer risk assessment; and common challenges in work with 18- to 25-year-old patients. The survey was also informed by previous work by researchers with 18 to 25-year-olds with BRCA gene mutations. Eighty-six surveys were completed. Researchers used a combination of grounded theory and content analysis for open-ended responses, supported and triangulated with statistical analysis to maximize the interpretation of data. Genetic counselors who responded to this survey experience 18–25 year old patients presenting for cancer risk assessment differently than older patients, and some reported adapting their counseling style to address these differences. Respondents differed in the extent to which they felt well-versed in the developmental needs of patients in this age group. Respondents aged 39 and under reported feeling familiar with this stage in life, having more recently completed it; respondents aged 40 and over reported they were less familiar with, and more interested in learning about, this age group. A primary challenge in cancer risk assessment of these patients, reported primarily by counselors aged 39 and under, is navigating family dynamics in counseling sessions and addressing the developmentally labile young adult. With respect to BRCA -related cancer risk, where penetrance is incomplete, onset in early adulthood is rare. Evidence-based treatment/prevention options exist, but providers may not have clarity regarding how or when to provide directive counsel. A rich understanding of the themes inherent in how people grow and change over time might enhance the counselor’s capacity to assess patients and their family members. The integration of a developmental approach to genetic counseling has the potential to reduce the imperative for non-directive counseling.

Introduction: As a result of modern interventions, the life of women who test positive for BRCA mutations may be plotted along the arc of preventive medicine rather than the slope of diagnostics. Yet, despite evidence supporting the benefits of risk reduction, protocols for early detection and prevention among women with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome are not yet proven. Similarly, the absence of psychosocial data may have left genetic counselors without standardized guidance on how to manage the care of these patients. This project sought to investigate how best to work with patients at risk for HBOC syndrome aged 18-25 given their unique developmental, familial, and medical challenges. Method: Genetic counselors were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselor's Cancer Special Interest Group listserv. The survey was conducted through an online source, Survey Monkey, and included 41 items. Information was elicited about: counselor demographics, training, and practice settings; directive versus non-directive approaches to cancer risk assessment; and common challenges in working with 18-25 year-old patients. Qualitative content analysis on open-ended responses was used and then supported with quantitative statistical analysis. Findings: The genetic counselors that responded to this survey experienced 18-25 year old patients presenting for cancer risk assessment differently than older patients. Some counselors adapted their counseling style to address these differences, including being more or less directive. Respondents differed in the extent to which they felt well versed in the developmental needs of patients in this age group. Respondents under age 40 felt familiar with this stage in life, having more recently completed it. Respondents over age 40 reported feeling less familiar with and more interested in learning about this age group. A primary challenge with this group is navigating family dynamics in counseling sessions and addressing the developmentally labile young adult. Discussion: With respect to BRCA-related cancer risk, onset in early adulthood is rare. Evidence-based treatment/prevention options exist, but providers may not have clarity over how or when to provide directive counsel. A richer understanding of the themes inherent in how people grow and change over time might enhance the counselor's capacity to assess patients and their family members. In addition, the integration of a developmental approach has the potential to reduce the imperative for non-directive counseling.

Earth observation data presents a unique challenge: it is spatial like images, sequential like video or text, and highly multimodal. We present OlmoEarth: a multimodal, spatio-temporal foundation model that employs a novel self-supervised learning formulation, masking strategy, and loss all designed for the Earth observation domain. OlmoEarth achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to 12 other foundation models across a variety of research benchmarks and real-world tasks from external partners. When evaluating embeddings OlmoEarth achieves the best performance on 15 out of 24 tasks, and with full fine-tuning it is the best on 19 of 29 tasks. We deploy OlmoEarth as the backbone of an end-to-end platform for data collection, labeling, training, and inference of Earth observation models. The OlmoEarth Platform puts frontier foundation models and powerful data management tools into the hands of non-profits and NGOs working to solve the world's biggest problems. OlmoEarth source code, training data, and pre-trained weights are available at \\(https://github.com/allenai/olmoearth_pretrainhttps://github.com/allenai/olmoearth_pretrain\\).

The program is made possible by support from The Valley Library, OSU Press, the OSU School of Writing, Literature, and Film, the College of Liberal Arts, Kathy Brisker and Tim Steele, and Grass Roots Books and Music.

Plexiform neurofibroma is a complication of the NF1 mutation in neurofibromatosis that results in overactivity of the RAS pathway. Selumetinib, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitor, induced tumor regressions in a majority of patients. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a common genetic disorder that is characterized by multiple manifestations including tumors of the nervous system. 1 , 2 Plexiform neurofibromas develop in 20 to 50% of persons with neurofibromatosis type 1 and can cause substantial complications including pain, functional impairment, disfigurement, and malignant transformation. 3 – 7 Most plexiform neurofibromas are diagnosed in early childhood and grow most rapidly during this period. 8 , 9 Complete surgical resection of these tumors is often not feasible, and regrowth of the tumor after incomplete surgical resection has been observed. 10 , 11 The NF1 product neurofibromin functions as a negative regulator of RAS activity. Lack . . .

Regeneration of complex multi-tissue structures, such as limbs, requires the coordinated effort of multiple cell types. In axolotl limb regeneration, the wound epidermis and blastema have been extensively studied via histology, grafting, and bulk-tissue RNA-sequencing. However, defining the contributions of these tissues is hindered due to limited information regarding the molecular identity of the cell types in regenerating limbs. Here we report unbiased single-cell RNA-sequencing on over 25,000 cells from axolotl limbs and identify a plethora of cellular diversity within epidermal, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic lineages in homeostatic and regenerating limbs. We identify regeneration-induced genes, develop putative trajectories for blastema cell differentiation, and propose the molecular identity of fibroblast-like blastema progenitor cells. This work will enable application of molecular techniques to assess the contribution of these populations to limb regeneration. Overall, these data allow for establishment of a putative framework for adult axolotl limb regeneration. Limb regeneration requires a blastema with progenitor cells, immune cells, and an overlying wound epidermis, but molecular identities of these populations are unclear. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify transcriptionally distinct cell populations in adult axolotl limb blastemas.

  Mr. [Rick Santorum] was part of a round robin of Republican lawmakers who are love-bombing Jewish audiences this week with testimonials about the courage of freedom-loving Jewish people. It's a far cry from the \"some of my best friends are Jews\" tone struck by some Republicans of yesteryear, and even from the tepid meet-and-greets with Jewish groups at the 2000 G.O.P. convention in Philadelphia. This year, Republicans are going all out to welcome their Jewish brethren into the G.O.P. fold in a city with a large Jewish population. It's not just about votes. American Jews find themselves at the center of a new culture war, the one between secular and religious America, between the blue states and the red ones and the hawks and the doves. And the Republicans want them on their side. Mr. [Ed Koch] seems to speak for those who are voting for a commander in chief as much as a president. Indeed, the Bush campaign seems to be taking pains to draw a direct line from Ronald Reagan, the man who toppled the Soviet Union, to George W. Bush, leader in the war on terror. The narrative conveniently skips Mr. Bush's father, former President George H. W. Bush, who was seen as no friend of Israel during his term from 1988 to 1992. In his failed re-election bid, the elder Mr. Bush received only 11 percent of the Jewish vote in 1992. \"Twenty years ago, Ronald Reagan spoke with moral clarity of the nature of the Soviet Union and it had big time political consequences,\" Mr. [Ken Mehlman] said at the Jewish community event on Aug. 29. In a five-minute speech, Mr. Mehlman used the term \"moral clarity\" at least four times. As the election nears, Democratic Jewish leaders know they're in a bind about foreign policy, and have been trying to shift the debate away from Israel to trigger-issues like abortion, education and the separation of church and state. \"I think it is a mistake to go after George Bush on Israel because the Jewish community thinks he has been very good on Israel,\" said U.S. Senator Charles Schumer. \"So here's what I tell Jewish voters: George Bush is good on Israel, but why vote for someone who you disagree with on everything else? Why let your loyalties to Israel be split from your loyalties on other issues?\"

  Mr. [Rick Santorum] was part of a round robin of Republican lawmakers who are love-bombing Jewish audiences this week with testimonials about the courage of freedom-loving Jewish people. It's a far cry from the \"some of my best friends are Jews\" tone struck by some Republicans of yesteryear, and even from the tepid meet-and-greets with Jewish groups at the 2000 G.O.P. convention in Philadelphia. This year, Republicans are going all out to welcome their Jewish brethren into the G.O.P. fold in a city with a large Jewish population. It's not just about votes. American Jews find themselves at the center of a new culture war, the one between secular and religious America, between the blue states and the red ones and the hawks and the doves. And the Republicans want them on their side. Mr. [Ed Koch] seems to speak for those who are voting for a commander in chief as much as a president. Indeed, the Bush campaign seems to be taking pains to draw a direct line from Ronald Reagan, the man who toppled the Soviet Union, to George W. Bush, leader in the war on terror. The narrative conveniently skips Mr. Bush's father, former President George H. W. Bush, who was seen as no friend of Israel during his term from 1988 to 1992. In his failed re-election bid, the elder Mr. Bush received only 11 percent of the Jewish vote in 1992. \"Twenty years ago, Ronald Reagan spoke with moral clarity of the nature of the Soviet Union and it had big time political consequences,\" Mr. [Ken Mehlman] said at the Jewish community event on Aug. 29. In a five-minute speech, Mr. Mehlman used the term \"moral clarity\" at least four times. As the election nears, Democratic Jewish leaders know they're in a bind about foreign policy, and have been trying to shift the debate away from Israel to trigger-issues like abortion, education and the separation of church and state. \"I think it is a mistake to go after George Bush on Israel because the Jewish community thinks he has been very good on Israel,\" said U.S. Senator Charles Schumer. \"So here's what I tell Jewish voters: George Bush is good on Israel, but why vote for someone who you disagree with on everything else? Why let your loyalties to Israel be split from your loyalties on other issues?\"

  Mr. [Adam Moss] has made one hire, naming Hugo Lindgren as deputy editor just weeks after Mr. Lindgren, a features editor at The New York Times Magazine, who had begun covering book publishing for The Times, and was about to be officially assigned to the beat. At The Times Magazine, Mr. Lindgren co-founded \"The Way We Live Now\" section, one of the hallmarks of Mr. Moss' editorship there. Indeed, Mr. [Kurt Andersen]'s byline says one thing loud and clear: Mr. Moss has a reserve of talent, and he's going to tap into it! He'll need it, as he is said to have inherited a magazine without vast reserves of stories in the bank. Mr. [Jeffrey Kittay]'s e-mail slid into the freelancers' in-boxes just as several of them had begun to question, both privately and in print, why their former editor hadn't spoken up for them. Mr. Kittay had always been something of a guru to the Lingua Franca brood, even after the magazine folded, they murmured his name in hushed tones, so his silence puzzled them. And it began to raise questions. As a former partner in Lingua Franca, Mr. Kittay is in the prickly position of being one of the named creditors in the lawsuit against the freelancers. This means that any money the freelancers are forced to cough up could go into his coffers. True, Mr. Kittay has no control over the bankruptcy proceedings or the court- appointed attorney, but the attorney is still working in his name, and so a few freelancers began to wonder whether he didn't secretly support the suit. His silence smacked of betrayal.

Purpose This project sought to develop consensus guidelines for clinically meaningful, comprehensive assessment procedures for people who stutter across the lifespan. Method Twelve expert clinicians and researchers who have written extensively about stuttering provided detailed descriptions of the type of data that they routinely collect during diagnostic evaluations of preschool children, school-age children, adolescents, and adults who stutter. Iterative content analysis, with repeated input from the respondents, was used to identify core areas that reflect common domains that these experts judge to be important for evaluating stuttering for varying age groups. Results Six core areas were identified as common components of a comprehensive evaluation of stuttering and people who stutter. These areas should be included to varying degrees depending upon the age and needs of the client or family. The core areas include the following: (a) stuttering-related background information; (b) speech, language, and temperament development (especially for younger clients); (c) speech fluency and stuttering behaviors; (d) reactions to stuttering by the speaker; (e) reactions to stuttering by people in the speaker's environment; and (f) adverse impact caused by stuttering. Discussion These consensus recommendations can help speech-language pathologists who are uncertain about appropriate stuttering assessment procedures to design and conduct more thorough evaluations, so that they will be better prepared to provide individualized and comprehensive treatment for people who stutter across the lifespan.