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"Ravi Gupta"
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Multifunctional Biomimetic Nanofibrous Scaffold Loaded with Asiaticoside for Rapid Diabetic Wound Healing
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high mortality rate and many complications. A non-healing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one the most serious complications, leading to lower-extremity amputation in 15% of diabetic patients. Nanofibers are emerging as versatile wound dressing due to their unique wound healing properties, such as a high surface area to volume ratio, porosity, and ability to maintain a moist wound environment capable of delivering sustained drug release and oxygen supply to a wound. The present study was aimed to prepare and evaluate a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–sodium alginate (SA)–silk fibroin (SF)-based multifunctional nanofibrous scaffold loaded with asiaticoside (AT) in diabetic rats. The SEM findings showed that fibers’ diameters ranged from 100–200 nm, and tensile strengths ranged from 12.41–16.80 MPa. The crosslinked nanofibers were sustained AT over an extended period. The MTT and scratch assay on HaCat cells confirmed low cytotoxicity and significant cell migration, respectively. Antimicrobial tests revealed an excellent anti-microbial efficacy against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria. In-vivo study demonstrated better wound healing efficacy in diabetic rats. In addition, the histopathological studies showed its ability to restore the normal structure of the skin. The present study concluded that developed multifunctional nanofibers have a great potential for diabetic wound healing applications.
Journal Article
Plausible Involvement of Ethylene in Plant Ferroptosis: Prospects and Leads
- can also be converted into H2O2 by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which may enter the cytosol through aquaporins to trigger signaling cascades (Rodrigues et al.,2017). Since ions of Fe play a major role in ROS production, plants keep a check on the concentration of these ions to maintain ROS homeostasis. By utilizing several agonists (Supplementary Table 1), Dangol et al. characterized the detailed process of plant ferroptosis, and their results collectively suggested the role of plasma membrane-localized NADPH-oxidases (RBOHs), NADP-malic enzyme, polymerization of actin microfilaments along with the depletion of GSH, peroxidation of membrane lipids, and accumulation of ions of Fe and ROS (Dangol et al.,2019). Overall, these results suggest that ferroptosis is a highly regulated cell death process that is induced by both biotic and abiotic stressors. Since the analysis of ferroptosis during incompatible rice–M. oryzae interactions suggested a positive role of ferroptosis in preventing the infection by avirulent strains of the fungus, the process of ferroptosis can be manipulated in the future to develop the biotic and abiotic resilient crops (Dangol et al.,2019; Kazan and Kalaipandian,2019). The final regulatory step of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway is the conversion of ACC to ethylene and is catalyzed by ACO, which requires Fe2+ as the active-site cofactor. [...]Fe2+ plays a critical role in ethylene biosynthesis by regulating the activity of ACO (Houben and Van de Poel,2019).
Journal Article
Mathematical modeling for intelligent systems : theory, methods, and simulation
\"Mathematical Modeling for Intelligent Systems: Theory, Methods and Simulation aims to provide a reference for the applications of mathematical modeling using intelligent techniques in various unique industry problems in the era of Industry 4.0. Providing a thorough introduction to the field of soft computing techniques, the book covers every major technique in artificial intelligence in a clear and practical style. It also highlights current research and applications, addresses issues encountered in the development of applied systems, and describes a wide range of intelligent systems techniques, including neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary strategy, and genetic algorithms. The book demonstrates concepts through simulation examples and practical experimental results. The book offers a well-balanced mathematical analysis of modelling physical systems. Summarizes basic principles in differential geometry and convex analysis as needed. The book covers a wide range of industrial and social applications, and bridges the gap between core theory and costly experiments through simulations and modelling. The focus of the book is manifold ranging from stability of fluid flows, nano fluids, drug delivery, and security of image data to Pandemic modeling etc. The book is primarily aimed at advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students studying computer science, mathematics and statistics. Researchers and professionals will also find this book useful\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants
Salinity stress is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity across the globe. Research in the past three decades, therefore, has focused on analyzing the effects of salinity stress on the plants. Evidence gathered over the years supports the role of ethylene as a key regulator of salinity stress tolerance in plants. This gaseous plant hormone regulates many vital cellular processes starting from seed germination to photosynthesis for maintaining the plants’ growth and yield under salinity stress. Ethylene modulates salinity stress responses largely via maintaining the homeostasis of Na+/K+, nutrients, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inducing antioxidant defense in addition to elevating the assimilation of nitrates and sulfates. Moreover, a cross-talk of ethylene signaling with other phytohormones has also been observed, which collectively regulate the salinity stress responses in plants. The present review provides a comprehensive update on the prospects of ethylene signaling and its cross-talk with other phytohormones to regulate salinity stress tolerance in plants.
Journal Article
A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher concentration of HMs, above a threshold, adversely affects cellular metabolism because of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which target the key biological molecules. Moreover, some of the HMs such as mercury and arsenic, among others, can directly alter the protein/enzyme activities by targeting their –SH group to further impede the cellular metabolism. Particularly, inhibition of photosynthesis has been reported under HM toxicity because HMs trigger the degradation of chlorophyll molecules by enhancing the chlorophyllase activity and by replacing the central Mg ion in the porphyrin ring which affects overall plant growth and yield. Consequently, plants utilize various strategies to mitigate the negative impact of HM toxicity by limiting the uptake of these HMs and their sequestration into the vacuoles with the help of various molecules including proteins such as phytochelatins, metallothionein, compatible solutes, and secondary metabolites. In this comprehensive review, we provided insights towards a wider aspect of HM toxicity, ranging from their negative impact on plant growth to the mechanisms employed by the plants to alleviate the HM toxicity and presented the molecular mechanism of HMs toxicity and sequestration in plants.
Journal Article
Cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing by a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Himalayan hot spring
Background Cellulose-degrading thermophilic anaerobic bacterium as a suitable host for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) has been proposed as an economically suited platform for the production of second-generation biofuels. To recognize the overall objective of CBP, fermentation using co-culture of different cellulolytic and sugar-fermenting thermophilic anaerobic bacteria has been widely studied as an approach to achieving improved ethanol production. We assessed monoculture and co-culture fermentation of novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium for ethanol production from real substrates under controlled conditions. Results In this study, Clostridium sp. DBT-IOC-C19, a cellulose-degrading thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from the cellulolytic enrichment cultures obtained from a Himalayan hot spring. Strain DBT-IOC-C19 exhibited a broad substrate spectrum and presented single-step conversion of various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates to ethanol, acetate, and lactate with ethanol being the major fermentation product. Additionally, the effect of varying cellulose concentrations on the fermentation performance of the strain was studied, indicating a maximum cellulose utilization ability of 10 g L−1 cellulose. Avicel degradation kinetics of the strain DBT-IOC-C19 displayed 94.6% degradation at 5 g L−1 and 82.74% degradation at 10 g L−1 avicel concentration within 96 h of fermentation. In a comparative study with Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313, the ethanol and total product concentrations were higher by the newly isolated strain on pretreated rice straw at an equivalent substrate loading. Three different co-culture combinations were used on various substrates that presented two-fold yield improvement than the monoculture during batch fermentation. Conclusions This study demonstrated the direct fermentation ability of the novel thermophilic anaerobic bacteria on various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates into ethanol without the aid of any exogenous enzymes, representing CBP-based fermentation approach. Here, the broad substrate utilization spectrum of isolated cellulolytic thermophilic anaerobic bacterium was shown to be of potential utility. We demonstrated that the co-culture strategy involving novel strains is efficient in improving ethanol production from real substrate.
Journal Article
Electrospun Biomimetic Multifunctional Nanofibers Loaded with Ferulic Acid for Enhanced Antimicrobial and Wound-Healing Activities in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats
Diabetic foot ulceration is the most distressing complication of diabetes having no standard therapy. Nanofibers are an emerging and versatile nanotechnology-based drug-delivery system with unique wound-healing properties. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate silk-sericin based hybrid nanofibrous mats for diabetic foot ulcer. The nanofibrous mats were prepared by electrospinning using silk sericin mixed with different proportions of polycaprolactone (PCL) and cellulose acetate (CA) loaded with ferulic acid (FA). The in vitro characterizations, such as surface morphology, mechanical properties, swelling behavior, biodegradability, scanning electron microscopy, and drug release were carried out. The SEM images indicated that nanofibers formed with varied diameters, ranging from 100 to 250 nm, and their tensile strength was found to range from 7 to 15 MPa. In vitro release demonstrated that the nanofibers sustained FA release over an extended time of period. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that the nanofibers possessed a lower cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. The in vivo wound-healing studies demonstrated an excellent wound-healing efficiency of the nanofibers in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the histopathological studies showed the nanofibers’ ability to restore the skin’s normal structure. Therefore, it was concluded that the prepared silk-sericin-based hybrid nanofibers loaded with FA could be a promising drug-delivery platform for the effective treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Journal Article
Comprehensive genomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma identifies recurrent mutations, gene fusions and splicing alterations
Raphael Bueno, Eric Stawiski, Somasekar Seshagiri and colleagues present a comprehensive genomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. They identify four distinct molecular subtypes using RNA-seq data and highlight recurrent somatic mutations, gene fusions and splicing alterations.
We analyzed transcriptomes (
n
= 211), whole exomes (
n
= 99) and targeted exomes (
n
= 103) from 216 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tumors. Using RNA-seq data, we identified four distinct molecular subtypes: sarcomatoid, epithelioid, biphasic-epithelioid (biphasic-E) and biphasic-sarcomatoid (biphasic-S). Through exome analysis, we found
BAP1
,
NF2
,
TP53
,
SETD2
,
DDX3X
,
ULK2
,
RYR2
,
CFAP45
,
SETDB1
and
DDX51
to be significantly mutated (
q
-score ≥ 0.8) in MPMs. We identified recurrent mutations in several genes, including
SF3B1
(∼2%; 4/216) and
TRAF7
(∼2%; 5/216). SF3B1-mutant samples showed a splicing profile distinct from that of wild-type tumors. TRAF7 alterations occurred primarily in the WD40 domain and were, except in one case, mutually exclusive with NF2 alterations. We found recurrent gene fusions and splice alterations to be frequent mechanisms for inactivation of
NF2
,
BAP1
and
SETD2
. Through integrated analyses, we identified alterations in Hippo, mTOR, histone methylation, RNA helicase and p53 signaling pathways in MPMs.
Journal Article