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"Ray, Dee C"
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Advanced Play Therapy
The purpose of this text is to present a resource to students and practitioners of play therapy that addresses topics beyond the training level. It provides advanced knowledge on the three main areas of play, child development, and play therapy and integrates them to help the play therapist gain a holistic understanding of how play therapy works.
eBook
Doctoral Counseling Students’ Quantitative Research Self-Efficacy Development: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Case Study
Research self-efficacy (RSE) is significantly associated with research interest, scholarly productivity, and professional development. It is particularly critical in counselor education, a field centered on improving human well-being and advancing evidence-based practice. However, RSE is often conceptualized primarily as an intrapersonal construct, with its relational and contextual dimensions underexplored. In this study, we examined doctoral counseling students’ quantitative research self-efficacy (QRSE) within the context of a quantitative research course. We employed a convergent mixed-methods case study design to investigate QRSE development over one semester. Four qualitative themes emerged: (a) QRSE is associated with professional development level; (b) QRSE is domain- and topic-specific; (c) QRSE is shaped by curriculum design and instructor characteristics; and (d) QRSE is dynamic and evolving rather than static. Quantitative results demonstrated a fluctuating yet overall upward trend. The qualitative and quantitative findings largely converged, with qualitative data extending beyond the quantitative measures. We propose a preliminary conceptual cubic model representing four interconnected dimensions of QRSE: personal, contextual, relational, and temporal. This study offers an exploratory, multidimensional framework for understanding how these factors may jointly shape QRSE development and provides implications for research training in counselor education.
Journal Article
Child-Centered Play Therapy and Childhood Depression: An Effectiveness Study in Schools
Depression in childhood is a significant mental health concern, impacting cognitive, affective, social, behavioral, and physical domains. Children who experience depressive symptoms are at an increased risk for physical and mental health, social, and behavioral problems throughout adulthood. Children who are marginalized due to their socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic identities are at an increased risk to experience depression and limited access to mental health care. Further, previous research has demonstrated limited efficacy of depression treatments for young children. This study is an examination of the efficacy of child-centered play therapy [CCPT], a culturally and developmentally responsive treatment, on depression among young children. Participants were 71 children from five Title 1 elementary schools in the southwestern U.S. referred by school personnel for depressive symptoms (49 males, 22 females; ages 5–9, mean age M = 6.21). The sample consisted of 14 (19.7%) African American, three (4.2%) Asian American, 15 (21.1%) biracial, 19 (26.8%) Caucasian, and 20 (28.2%) Latino children. Participants were randomly assigned to eight weeks of twice-weekly CCPT experimental groups (n = 34) or a waitlist control group (n = 37). Results of doubly multivariate repeated-measures MANOVA revealed statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms for children who participated in CCPT on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire Parent and Direct Observation Form [DOF] Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale. Repeated measures ANOVA on DOF Total Problems indicated that children in CCPT statistically significantly decreased their demonstration of overall problem behaviors as rated by blind observers. Results of this study support the effectiveness of CCPT with young children of diverse ethnocultural and socioeconomic background.HighlightsCCPT was effective in reducing observed and parent reported depressive symptoms for children.CCPT was effective in improving overall behavior problems among children with depressive symptoms.CCPT was effective in improving the depressive symptoms among young children who identified as at-risk and economically disadvantaged.
Journal Article
Exploring Characteristics of Children Presenting to Counseling for Grief and Loss
To date, researchers exploring childhood bereavement have largely relied on unstandardized assessment instruments and/or have independently evaluated specific constructs rather than factoring in the dimensionality of loss. The purpose of this study was to utilize psychometrically established instruments to examine the multivariate shared relationship between characteristics of bereaved children referred for counseling--their ages, genders, ethnicities, types of loss, and life stressors—and their behavioral manifestations as well as the relationship between these characteristics and levels of parent-child relational stress. Utilizing archival clinical files, we examined these characteristics from bereaved children (N = 98) whose parents sought counseling services from two university-based counseling clinics. Two canonical correlational analyses (CCA) were conducted to examine the following: (1) relationship between characteristics of bereaved children and their subsequent behavioral manifestations, (2) relationship between characteristics of bereaved children and levels of parent-child relational stress. Correlational findings from this study provided insight into bereaved children’s manifestations of loss and levels of parent-child relational stress as contingent upon these specific characteristics. Specifically, results indicated a strong relationship between age and bereaved children’s behavioral manifestations. This finding reinforced the importance for clinicians to understand developmental implications when working with bereaved children. Furthermore, caregivers who reported minimal overall external stressors also reported less parent-child relational interference. This finding further emphasizes the importance for caregivers to maintain utmost stability for bereaved children.
Journal Article
Play Therapy in Elementary Schools: A Best Practice for Improving Academic Achievement
This pilot study of 1st graders who are academically at risk examined the effectiveness of child‐centered play therapy (CCPT). The experimental group received biweekly, 30‐minute play therapy sessions for 8 weeks. Findings indicated that these 1st graders participating in CCPT (n = 21) demonstrated a statistically significant increase on the Early Achievement Composite of the Young Children's Achievement Test (Hresko, Peak, Herron, & Bridges, 2000) when compared with children in the control group (n = 20). Results support using CCPT as an intervention for academic achievement.
Journal Article
Research in Counseling: A 10-Year Review to Inform Practice
This study reviewed 4,457 articles from 1998 to 2007 in American Counseling Association division‐affiliated journals to identify research articles published in counseling; 1,139 articles (25.6%) were quantitatively research based. The authors provide details related to quantitative research publications, including individual journal contribution to the research base, focus areas for research, and independent and dependent variables highlighted by researchers. One summary finding was that only 6% of counseling research articles explored effectiveness of counseling interventions.
Journal Article
An Ethical Decision-Making Model to Determine Authorship Credit in Published Faculty-Student Collaborations
Publishing research is imperative to both counselor educators and students in counseling programs. Furthermore, faculty–student publication collaborations can often be a mutually beneficial professional endeavor. However, determining order of authorship can be a complex ethical issue. The authors review prior research to illustrate the complexities of authorship and suggest a decision‐making model and considerations for preventing and resolving these ethical dilemmas. Implications for counselors include future research studies on complex issues regarding authorship of faculty–student collaborations, future incidence studies investigating occurrence of ethics violations, and incorporation of publication ethics into course work in counselor education programs.
Journal Article