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Detection of Academic Early Warning Signs and Effective Intervention “Takes a Village”
Early intervention for students at risk of academic difficulty can be more effectively accomplished using a team-based approach that capitalizes on the expertise of many in a pharmacy education community. Authored by members of the Big Ten Alliance Pharmacy Assessment Collaborative, this commentary advocates for better integration of assessment professionals, pharmacy faculty, and student support services to capture academic, accountability, and behavior-related data that might signal student intellectual and/or behavioral challenges and manifest as marginal academic performance. Assessment professionals can assist with creating data dashboards/monitoring systems, recognizing trends within the data, refining formulas to identify at-risk students, and measuring the impact of interventions to determine which approaches positively and significantly influence outcomes. Effective early warning and intervention takes a village and should go beyond narrowly focused attempts that fail to account for the complexity of students as individuals or fail to acknowledge the multifaceted skill set students are expected to develop to become competent and responsible pharmacists.
Journal Article
Alvah and Arvilla
Arvilla has never been able to see the ocean, because of having to care for their farm animals, until she gets an idea for a \"voiture\" which will enable them all to travel to the Pacific.
Cochrane for Clinicians: Preventing Unintended Adolescent Pregnancy
Practice Pointers Unintended adolescent pregnancy is associated with adverse physical and psychological outcomes for mother and child, lower lifelong socioeconomic and educational achievement, and higher medical costs.2 Births among adolescents have been decreasing over time in most countries, including the United States, primarily because of lower rates of sexual activity and higher rates of contraception use.2-4 However, the rate of unintended adolescent pregnancy in the United States is higher than in many other industrialized countries and disproportionately affects minority and impoverished youth.3,4 This Cochrane review included 53 trials with 105,368 adolescents across community, home, school, and clinic settings in varied cultural and economic contexts.1 Unintended pregnancy was significantly reduced over medium- and long-term follow-up periods among participants who were randomized to receive a combination of educational and contraceptive-promoting interventions compared with those who received standard sex education, general counseling, or no intervention (relative risk [RR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5 to 0.87; NNT = 25; 95% CI, 17 to 67; n = 1,905). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that clinicians broadly and confidentially inquire about adolescents' reproductive health care needs and offer services at every encounter.5 This Cochrane review provides additional evidence that education and concurrent information about contraception can decrease the risk of unintended adolescent pregnancy.1 The practice recommendations in this activity are available at http://www.cochrane.org/CD005215. editor's note: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, the Departments of the Air Force or Navy or their respective Medical Departments, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government.
Journal Article