Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
44,856
result(s) for
"Re, A"
Sort by:
عشر أفلام كلاسيكية
إن الأفلام التي أناقشها في هذا الكتاب هي من بين أعظم الأفلام المنتجة قاطبة لقد اخترت عشرة أفلام كلاسيكية هي ليست أفضل عشرة أفلام في جميع الأزمان إذ أنني أستطيع من دون شك أن أنتقي عشرة أفلام أخرى أو حتى مائة فيلم آخر وهناك عشرة أفلام لم أضمنها هنا وهي مولد أمة-غريفيت، التعصب، الضحكة الأخيرة-مورنو، عاطفة جان دارك-دراير، الوهم الكبير-رينوار، قواعد اللعبة، روما مدينة مفتوحة-روسيليني، جول وجيم-تروفو، 2/1 8-فيلليني، برسونا-برغمان.
Book
Efficacy of New Generation Antidepressants: Differences Seem Illusory
Recently, Cipriani and colleagues examined the relative efficacy of 12 new-generation antidepressants on major depression using network meta-analytic methods. They found that some of these medications outperformed others in patient response to treatment. However, several methodological criticisms have been raised about network meta-analysis and Cipriani's analysis in particular which creates the concern that the stated superiority of some antidepressants relative to others may be unwarranted.
A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted which involved replicating Cipriani's network meta-analysis under the null hypothesis (i.e., no true differences between antidepressants). The following simulation strategy was implemented: (1) 1000 simulations were generated under the null hypothesis (i.e., under the assumption that there were no differences among the 12 antidepressants), (2) each of the 1000 simulations were network meta-analyzed, and (3) the total number of false positive results from the network meta-analyses were calculated.
Greater than 7 times out of 10, the network meta-analysis resulted in one or more comparisons that indicated the superiority of at least one antidepressant when no such true differences among them existed.
Based on our simulation study, the results indicated that under identical conditions to those of the 117 RCTs with 236 treatment arms contained in Cipriani et al.'s meta-analysis, one or more false claims about the relative efficacy of antidepressants will be made over 70% of the time. As others have shown as well, there is little evidence in these trials that any antidepressant is more effective than another. The tendency of network meta-analyses to generate false positive results should be considered when conducting multiple comparison analyses.
Journal Article
61 طريقة لتنظيم الحياة الأسرية /
يركز 61 طريقة لتنشيط وإنعاش الحياة الأسرية في محاوره الستة على تنظيم الحياة الأسرية اليومية، والغذاء، وطرق التبادل والتواصل بين أفراد الأسرة صغارها وكبارها، وسبل دعم نمو الطفل، وأفكار ملهمة لجعل الحياة الأسرية مبهجة، إضافة إلى أهمية المشاركة وطلب الدعم والمساعدة عند الحاجة في ما يتعلق بتربية الأطفال وتيسير الحياة اليومية. الكتاب مليء بالأفكار والنصائح والتمرينات والأدوات التي تساعد الأمهات والآباء والمربين في تخطيط وتنظيم يومياتهم مع أطفالهم منذ الولادة وصولا إلى سن المراهقة. يحوي الكتاب 61 أداة عملية وملهمة وسهلة التطبيق لمن يختار استبدال الفوضى الصباحية عند الاستعداد للذهاب إلى المدرسة والعمل، والفوضى بعد العودة مساء والبدء بالتدريس وتحضير الوجبات والاستعداد للنوم، بنمط حياة سهل ومنظم، وذلك عبر توزيع المسؤوليات والأدوار والمشاركة والتواصل بين جميع أفراد الأسرة دون استثناء.
Book
Anti-Infection Efficacy, Osteogenesis Potential, and Biocompatibility of 3D Printed PLGA/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Porous Scaffolds Grafted with Vancomycin/DOPA/rhBMP-2 in Infected Rabbit Bone Defects
Given the limitations of traditional therapies, the treatment of infected bone defects (IBD) remains a great challenge. It is urgent to find a novel method that can simultaneously eradicate infection and promote new bone formation. With the increasing application of personalized scaffolds in orthopedics, novel biomaterials with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties have provided a viable option for IBD treatment. Through the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, we fabricated a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) composite scaffold grafted with the antibiotic vancomycin and loaded with the osteoinductive agent recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) via polydopamine (DOPA) chemistry, whose therapeutic effects on IBD were determined.
After examining the hydrophilicity, surface chemical composition, mechanical properties, and drug release of the PLGA/n-HA, PLGA/n-HA/VAN, and PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 composite scaffolds, pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the scaffold surface to assess the biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties of the scaffolds in vitro. For in vivo experiments, the composite scaffolds contaminated with
were implanted into the defect sites of rabbit radius. After 12 weeks, micro-CT analysis, H&E and Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and viable bacteria counting were conducted to compare the effects of three composite scaffolds on new bone formation and bone infection.
The surface modification with DOPA/rhBMP-2 increased the hydrophilicity of PLGA/n-HA scaffolds. Vancomycin and BMP-2 were continuously and regularly eluted from the PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds. The PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds promoted MC3T3-E1 cell survival and proliferation and enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with the PLGA/n-HA and PLGA/n-HA/VAN scaffolds. Additionally, the PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds significantly facilitated new bone formation and inhibited bone infection in IBD rabbit models. The rabbits implanted with the PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds exhibited normal heart, lung, and kidney histologies and normal serum biochemical indices, suggesting the safety of the scaffolds.
The 3D-printed PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds exhibited both antibacterial and osteoinductive activities in IBD.
Journal Article
Experimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun
For most of their existence, stars are fuelled by the fusion of hydrogen into helium. Fusion proceeds via two processes that are well understood theoretically: the proton–proton (
pp
) chain and the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen (CNO) cycle
1
,
2
. Neutrinos that are emitted along such fusion processes in the solar core are the only direct probe of the deep interior of the Sun. A complete spectroscopic study of neutrinos from the
pp
chain, which produces about 99 per cent of the solar energy, has been performed previously
3
; however, there has been no reported experimental evidence of the CNO cycle. Here we report the direct observation, with a high statistical significance, of neutrinos produced in the CNO cycle in the Sun. This experimental evidence was obtained using the highly radiopure, large-volume, liquid-scintillator detector of Borexino, an experiment located at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The main experimental challenge was to identify the excess signal—only a few counts per day above the background per 100 tonnes of target—that is attributed to interactions of the CNO neutrinos. Advances in the thermal stabilization of the detector over the last five years enabled us to develop a method to constrain the rate of bismuth-210 contaminating the scintillator. In the CNO cycle, the fusion of hydrogen is catalysed by carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and so its rate—as well as the flux of emitted CNO neutrinos—depends directly on the abundance of these elements in the solar core. This result therefore paves the way towards a direct measurement of the solar metallicity using CNO neutrinos. Our findings quantify the relative contribution of CNO fusion in the Sun to be of the order of 1 per cent; however, in massive stars, this is the dominant process of energy production. This work provides experimental evidence of the primary mechanism for the stellar conversion of hydrogen into helium in the Universe.
Direct experimental evidence of the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen fusion cycle in the Sun is provided by the detection of neutrinos emitted during this process.
Journal Article
Production and persistence of specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with hematologic malignancies: role of rituximab
The ability of patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) to develop an effective humoral immune response after COVID-19 is unknown. A prospective study was performed to monitor the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLD), multiple myeloma (MM), or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndromes (MDS/MPN). Antibody (Ab) levels to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein were measured at +1, +3, +6 months after nasal swabs became PCR-negative. Forty-five patients (9 FL, 8 DLBCL, 8 CLD, 10 MM, 10 MDS/MPS) and 18 controls were studied. Mean anti-N and anti-S-Ab levels were similar between HM patients and controls, and shared the same behavior, with anti-N Ab levels declining at +6 months and anti-S-Ab remaining stable. Seroconversion rates were lower in HM patients than in controls. In lymphoma patients mean Ab levels and seroconversion rates were lower than in other HM patients, primarily because all nine patients who had received rituximab within 6 months before COVID-19 failed to produce anti-N and anti-S-Ab. Only one patient requiring hematological treatment after COVID-19 lost seropositivity after 6 months. No reinfections were observed. These results may inform vaccination policies and clinical management of HM patients.
Journal Article
Activation of the SDF1/CXCR4 pathway retards muscle atrophy during cancer cachexia
Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening syndrome that affects most patients with advanced cancers and causes severe body weight loss, with rapid depletion of skeletal muscle. No treatment is available. We analyzed microarray data sets to identify a subset of genes whose expression is specifically altered in cachectic muscles of Yoshida hepatoma-bearing rodents but not in those with diabetes, disuse, uremia or fasting. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis indicated that three genes belonging to the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) pathway were downregulated only in muscles atrophying because of cancer: stromal cell-derived factor 1 (
SDF1
), adenylate cyclase 7 (
ADCY7
), and p21 protein-activated kinase 1 (
PAK1
). Notably, we found that, in the Rectus Abdominis muscle of cancer patients, the expression of
SDF1
and
CXCR4
was inversely correlated with that of two ubiquitin ligases induced in muscle wasting,
atrogin-1
and
MuRF1
, suggesting a possible clinical relevance of this pathway. The expression of all main
SDF1
isoforms (
α
,
β
,
γ
) also declined in Tibialis Anterior muscle from cachectic mice bearing murine colon adenocarcinoma or human renal cancer and drugs with anticachexia properties restored their expression. Overexpressing genes of this pathway (that is,
SDF1
or
CXCR4
) in cachectic muscles increased the fiber area by 20%, protecting them from wasting. Similarly, atrophying myotubes treated with either SDF1α or SDF1β had greater total protein content, resulting from reduced degradation of overall long-lived proteins. However, inhibiting CXCR4 signaling with the antagonist AMD3100 did not affect protein homeostasis in atrophying myotubes, whereas normal myotubes treated with AMD3100 showed time- and dose-dependent reductions in diameter, until a plateau, and lower total protein content. This further confirms the involvement of a saturable pathway (that is, CXCR4). Overall, these findings support the idea that activating the CXCR4 pathway in muscle suppresses the deleterious wasting associated with cancer.
Journal Article
Neutrinos from the primary proton–proton fusion process in the Sun
In the core of the Sun, energy is released through sequences of nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen into helium. The primary reaction is thought to be the fusion of two protons with the emission of a low-energy neutrino. These so-called
pp
neutrinos constitute nearly the entirety of the solar neutrino flux, vastly outnumbering those emitted in the reactions that follow. Although solar neutrinos from secondary processes have been observed, proving the nuclear origin of the Sun’s energy and contributing to the discovery of neutrino oscillations, those from proton–proton fusion have hitherto eluded direct detection. Here we report spectral observations of
pp
neutrinos, demonstrating that about 99 per cent of the power of the Sun, 3.84 × 10
33
ergs per second, is generated by the proton–proton fusion process.
Spectral observations of the low-energy neutrinos produced by proton–proton fusion in the Sun demonstrate that about 99 per cent of the Sun’s power is generated by this process.
Sun's elusive
pp
neutrinos tracked down
The Sun's energy output derives from a sequence of nuclear reactions that converts hydrogen into helium, most of it from the fusion of two protons (the proton–proton or
pp
reaction) accompanied by the release of a low-energy neutrino. These neutrinos have proved elusive: only solar neutrinos from secondary reactions had been directly observed. But here the Borexino collaboration reports observations of the
pp
neutrinos themselves, so providing a direct view of the principal fusion process that powers the Sun.
Journal Article