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The ability to gate-induce superconductivity by electrostatic charge accumulation is a recent breakthrough in physics and nanoelectronics. With the exception of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces, experiments on gate-induced superconductors have been largely confined to resistance measurements, which provide very limited information about the superconducting state. Here, we explore gate-induced superconductivity in MoS2 by performing tunnelling spectroscopy to determine the energy-dependent density of states (DOS) for different levels of electron density n. In the superconducting state, the DOS is strongly suppressed at energy smaller than the gap Δ, which is maximum (Δ ~2 meV) for n of ~1 × 1014 cm−2 and decreases monotonously for larger n. A perpendicular magnetic field B generates states at E < Δ that fill the gap, but a 20% DOS suppression of superconducting origin unexpectedly persists much above the transport critical field. Conversely, an in-plane field up to 10 T leaves the DOS entirely unchanged. Our measurements exclude that the superconducting state in MoS2 is fully gapped and reveal the presence of a DOS that vanishes linearly with energy, the explanation of which requires going beyond a conventional, purely phonon-driven Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer mechanism.

The poor physicochemical properties of cannabidiol (CBD) hamper its clinical development. The aim of this review was to examine the literature to identify novel oral products and delivery strategies for CBD, while assessing their clinical implications and translatability. Evaluation of the published literature revealed that oral CBD strategies are primarily focused on lipid-based and emulsion solutions or encapsulations, which improve the overall pharmacokinetics (PK) of CBD. Some emulsion formulations demonstrate more rapid systemic delivery. Variability in the PK effects of different oral CBD products is apparent across species. Several novel administration routes exist for CBD delivery that may offer promise for specific indications. For example, intranasal administration and inhalation allow quick delivery of CBD to the plasma and the brain, whereas transdermal and transmucosal administration routes deliver CBD systemically more slowly. There are limited but promising data on novel delivery routes such as intramuscular and subcutaneous. Very limited data show that CBD is generally well distributed across tissues and that some CBD products enable increased delivery of CBD to different brain regions. However, evidence is limited regarding whether changes in CBD PK profiles and tissue distribution equate to superior therapeutic efficacy across indications and whether specific CBD products might be suited to particular indications.

Leishmania is a genus of the family Trypanosomatidae that unites obligatory parasitic flagellates causing a variety of vector-borne diseases collectively called leishmaniasis. The symptoms range from relatively innocuous skin lesions to complete failures of visceral organs. The disease is exacerbated if a parasite harbors Leishmania RNA viruses (LRVs) of the family Pseudototiviridae . Screening a novel isolate of L . braziliensis , we revealed that it possesses not a toti-, but a bunyavirus of the family Leishbuviridae . To the best of our knowledge, this is a very first discovery of a bunyavirus infecting a representative of the Leishmania subgenus Viannia . We suggest that these viruses may serve as potential factors of virulence in American leishmaniasis and encourage researchers to test leishmanial strains for the presence of not only LRVs, but also other RNA viruses.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) constitutes most cases of endocrine disorder among females. Objectives: This study was done to assess the proportion of university students with PCOS and to study its risk factors. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from students of a private medical, dental, and nursing college using a self-administered questionnaire. Height and weight of all participants were recorded by standard procedures. Results: The mean age of students was 20.4 ΁ 1.5 years. Of the 480 participants, 39 (8.1%) were already diagnosed with PCOS. Out of the remaining 441 participants, 40 (9.1%) were at high risk, and 401 (90.9%) were at low risk for PCOS. Greater proportion of PCOS cases was seen in the age group 23-25 years (P = 0.026), among those with family history of PCOS (P = 0.002), among those who were permanent residents of urban areas (P = 0.048), and among those who were overweight or obese (P = 0.004). About 90% of PCOS cases and those at high risk for PCOS, each had difficulty in controlling excess weight or were experiencing difficulty in maintaining ideal weight. About 36 (92.3%) of PCOS cases and all those at high risk had emotional problems such as feeling moody or experiencing fatigability over the previous 2 weeks. Conclusion: PCOS is a common disorder among young women in this settings and this warrants periodic screening activities. A multidisciplinary approach is required to bring about lifestyle modification and help those with emotional problems due to this endocrine disorder.

Now-a-days in dynamic industrial landscape, the need for real-time monitoring, data-driven decision making, and operational optimization has become paramount. The Industry Monitoring System using IoT emerges as a transformative solution that leverages the capabilities of interconnected devices and sensors to provide comprehensive visibility into industrial processes and assets. This innovative system deploys a network of sensors and IoT devices strategically with in industrial facilities to capture critical data parameters, ranging from environmental conditions to equipment performance metrics. These sensors communicate seamlessly through wired or wireless connections, transmitting data to a centralized hub or cloud-based platform. This proactive approach not only enhances equipment reliability but also reduces downtime and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the integration of IoT in industry monitoring facilitates data-driven decision-making, fostering a more agile and responsive industrial ecosystem.

The spatial influence of faults on the crustal stress field is a topic of ongoing debate. While faults are often known to perturb the stress field at a meter scale, their lateral influence over a few hundred meters to several kilometers remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we use a 3D geomechanical numerical model based on 3D seismic data from northern Switzerland. The model is calibrated with 45 horizontal stress magnitude data obtained from micro-hydraulic fracturing (MHF) and sleeve re-opening (SR) tests conducted in two boreholes in the Zürich Nordost (ZNO) siting region, northern Switzerland. This model with seven faults implemented as contact surfaces serves as the reference model in our study. The reference model is systematically compared to three fault-agnostic models, which share identical rock properties, model dimensions, and calibration data with the reference model, but differ in their element resolution and mechanical properties' assignment procedure. Results show that at distances <1 km from faults, differences in maximum horizontal stress orientation between models range from 3–6°, and horizontal stress magnitude differences are approximately 1–2 MPa. Beyond 1 km, these differences reduce to <1.5° and <0.5 MPa, respectively. These differences are significantly smaller than the calibration data uncertainties at ZNO, which average to ±0.7 MPa and ±3.5 MPa for the minimum horizontal and maximum horizontal stress magnitude, respectively, and ±11° for the maximum horizontal stress orientation. An important implication of our results is that, under the specific geological, mechanical, and stress conditions observed at the ZNO siting region, explicit representation of faults may not be necessary in geomechanical models predicting the stress state of rock volumes located 1 km or more from active faults. This simplification substantially reduced our model setup time from 2 months to 2 days, without compromising the reliability of stress field predictions.

Background and Aims: Disparity in spread of spinal anesthesia is a known complication in scoliosis patients. Our primary aim was to compare this disparity based on Cobb Angle and thorocolumbar spine curvature. Secondary aim was to calculate the appropriate lateral angulation of the spinal needle from midline for successful lumbar puncture. Materials and Methods: All poliomyelitis patients with scoliosis posted for lower limb orthopedic contracture release surgeries were enrolled into Group A (Cobb Angle <50°), Group B (Cobb Angle >50°), and on thoracolumbar curve into Group R (Right), Group L (Left). Group A, B, R, and L were studied for bilateral spread of spinal anaesthesia. Lateral angle of the spinal needle from midline was noted with Goniometer in groups A and B. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t test and Chi-square test. Results: Failures in subarachnoid block (SAB) (unilateral anaesthesia/inadequate/patchy block) was significant in Group B (P = 0.033). Segmental disparity in bilateral spread of spinal anaesthesia was significant in Group R with P value of 0.042. Approximate lateral angle for needle in Group A was (4.1 ± 2.45) and in Group B was (9.14 ± 2.45). Conclusions: The study showed that there was a strong correlation between right-sided thoracolumbar curve and the spread of spinal anesthesia

Background: Musa sapientum (banana) plant extract has been shown to possess antioxidant activity in previous studies. Neuronal injury resulting from oxidative stress is an important factor involved in pathogenesis of epilepsy. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of M. sapientum stem extract (MSSE) in acute and chronic experimental models in mice and its effects on various markers of oxidative stress in the brain of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled animals. Material and Methods: Maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and PTZ-induced convulsion models were used for acute studies. For the chronic study, the effect of MSSE on the development of kindling was studied. For the evaluation of the effects of MSSE on oxidative stress in brain, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated in the brains of the kindled animals. Results: MSSE significantly increased the latency to onset of myoclonic jerks and the duration of clonic convulsions following PTZ administration. The MSSE pretreated group showed significantly reduced mean seizure score on PTZ-induced kindling. There was a significant increase in the brain MDA levels and decrease in GSH levels in response to PTZ-induced kindling. On MSSE pretreatment, there was a significant decrease in the MDA levels in the brains, though the increase in the GSH levels was not significant. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest the presence of significant anticonvulsant activity in MSSE, in both acute and chronic PTZ-induced seizure models, which could be due to its antioxidant activity, as is reflected by the change in oxidative stress markers in brain.

Managing heart failure (HF) presents ongoing challenges due to the varied nature of the condition among individuals. Recent shifts toward personalized care aim to move beyond standard treatments by considering the unique characteristics of each patient. This review brings together current ideas and advancements that could shape a more tailored approach to HF, offering insights into how patient-specific strategies might improve the care. However, fully embracing this approach requires overcoming several hurdles to ensure these innovations are practical and widely available.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart's inability to meet the body's metabolic demands. HF remains a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Outcomes of beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in HF remain suboptimal. HF is a heterogeneous syndrome driven by neurohormonal dysregulation, fibrosis, metabolic disturbances, and inflammation, contributing to symptoms like dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention. Recent advances in pharmacological therapies, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors), soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators (sGC stimulators), and cardiac myosin activators, have shown promise in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), offering mechanism-specific interventions. Moreover, molecular-targeted therapies, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing, RNA-based therapeutics, and adeno-associated virus serotype 9-sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (AAV9-SERCA2a gene) therapy, are emerging as potential disease-modifying treatments aimed at addressing genetic and inflammatory drivers of cardiomyopathies. Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming HF care by enhancing predictive modelling, risk stratification, and precision medicine, with applications in multi-omics data integration. AI-driven tools, including machine learning (ML) algorithms, improve echocardiographic phenotyping, optimize treatment strategies, and refine patient selection for therapies. Despite these promising developments, challenges such as data quality, standardization, scalability, and regulatory barriers remain. Furthermore, gene therapies' long-term safety and efficacy are still uncertain, with concerns about immune responses, off-target effects, and sustained gene expression. Regenerative medicine strategies, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and 3D-bioprinted cardiac patches, offer potential solutions for myocardial repair. However, immune rejection, graft integration, and long-term viability remain significant obstacles. Additionally, high costs associated with novel biologics and gene-based therapies limit accessibility, particularly in low-resource settings. The future of HF management depends on overcoming these translational challenges. Key steps include validating AI-driven phenotyping tools in clinical trials, advancing scalable biomanufacturing technologies, and refining regulatory frameworks to facilitate clinical integration. By addressing these barriers, precision medicine, AI, and regenerative therapies can transform HF management, providing more personalized, effective, and accessible treatments and ultimately improving patient outcomes globally.